Tuberculosis and tuberculosis/HIV co-infection in pregnancy

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 234-240

  Adhikari, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Human immunodeficiency virus; Multidrug resistance; Pregnancy; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; AMOXICILLIN; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; BCG VACCINE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLAVULANIC ACID; CLOFAZIMINE; EFAVIRENZ; ETHAMBUTOL; ETHIONAMIDE; ISONIAZID; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; MACROLIDE; NEVIRAPINE; PYRAZINAMIDE; QUINOLONE; RIFAMPICIN; RIFAMYCIN; STAVUDINE; TENOFIR; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZIDOVUDINE;

AFRICA; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BREAST FEEDING; BREAST MILK; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CLINICAL FEATURE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; GROUPS BY AGE; HEATING; HISTORY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MATERNAL DISEASE; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MIXED INFECTION; MORTALITY; MOTHER; NEWBORN PERIOD; OBSTETRICS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERINATAL PERIOD; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANT WOMAN; PROPHYLAXIS; TUBERCULOSIS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY;

EID: 67349215089     PISSN: 1744165X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2009.02.001     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Corbett E.L., Watt C.J., Walker N., et al. The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003) 1009-1021
2. Diwan V.K., and Thorson A. Sex, gender and tuberculosis. Lancet 353 (1999) 1000-1001
3. Worley H. Intersecting epidemics: tuberculosis and HIV. Washington DC Population Reference Bureau [PRB], April 2006. 5 p.
4. Dye C. Global epidemiology of tuberculosis. Lancet 367 (2006) 938-940
5. Holmes C.B., Hausler H., and Nunn P. A review of differences in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2 (1998) 96-104
6. Boeree M.J., Harries A.D., Godschalk P., et al. Gender differences in relation to sputum submission and smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 4 (2000) 882-884
7. Bruchfield J., Aderaye G., Palme I.B., et al. Evaluation of outpatients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting in Ethiopia: clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological characteristics. Scand J Infect Dis 34 (2002) 331-337
8. Aderaye G., Bruchfield J., Assefa G., et al. The relationship between disease pattern and disease burden by chest radiography, M. tuberculosis load, and HIV status in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Addis Ababa. Infection 32 (2004) 333-338
9. Caracta C. Gender differences in pulmonary diseases. Mount Sinai J Med 70 (2003) 215-224
10. Arora V.K., and Gupta R. Tuberculosis and pregnancy. Ind J Tuberc 50 (2003) 13-16
11. Hamadey M.A., and Glassroth J. Tuberculosis and pregnancy. Chest 101 (1992) 1114-1120
12. Brocklehurst P., and French R. The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 105 (1998) 836-848
13. Wilkinson D., and Davies G.R. The increasing burden of tuberculosis in rural South Africa - the impact of the HIV-1 epidemic. S Afr Med J 87 (1997) 447-450
14. Wilkinson D., Connolly C., and Rotchford K. Continued explosive rise in HIV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in rural South Africa. AIDS 13 (1999) 740
15. Beckerman K.P. Mothers, orphans and prevention of paediatric AIDS. Lancet 359 (2002) 1168-1169
16. Murray C.J., and Lopez A.D. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349 (1997) 1269-1276
17. Adhikari M., Pillay T., and Pillay D.G. Tuberculosis in the newborn: an emerging disease. Paediatr Infect Dis J 16 (1997) 1108-1112
18. Khan M., Pillay T., Moodley J.M., and Connolly C. Maternal mortality associated with tuberculosis-HIV-1 co-infection in Durban South Africa. AIDS 15 (2001) 1857-1863
19. Ahmed Y., Mwaba P., Chintu C., Grange J.M., Ustianowski A., and Zumla A. A study of maternal mortality at university teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. The emergence of tuberculosis as a major non-obstetric cause of maternal death. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3 (1999) 675-680
20. Pillay T., Khan M., Moodley J., et al. The increasing burden of tuberculosis in pregnant women, newborns and infants under 6 months of age in Durban, KwaZulu Natal. S Afr Med J 91 (2001) 983-987
21. Reider H.L. Opportunity for exposure and risk of infection: fuel for the tuberculosis pandemic. Infection 23 (1995) 1-3
22. Pillay T., Khan M., Moodley J., Adhikari M., and Coovadia H.M. Perinatal tuberculosis and HIV-1: considerations for resource-limited settings. Lancet Infect Dis 4 (2004) 155-165
23. Pillay T., and Adhikari M. Congenital tuberculosis in a neonatal intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis 29 (1999) 467-468
24. Doveren R.F.C., and Block R. Tuberculosis in pregnancy: a provincial study (1990-1996). Neth J Med 52 (1998) 100-106
25. Pillay T., Sturm A.W., Khan M., et al. Vertical transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in KwaZulu Natal: impact of HIV-1 co-infection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8 (2004) 59-69
26. Naouri B., Virkud V., and Malecki J. Congenital pulmonary tuberculosis associated with maternal cerebral tuberculosis - Florida, 2002. J Am Med Assoc 293 (2005) 2710-2711 (Also published in MMWR 2005;54:249)
27. American Thoracic Society and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Official Statement. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161 (2000) 1376-1395
28. Sangala W.T., Briggs P., Theobold S., Squire S.B., and Kemp J. Screening for pulmonary tuberculosis: an acceptable intervention for antenatal care clients and providers?. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10 (2006) 789-794
29. Pillay T., Adhikari M., Mokili J., et al. Severe, rapidly progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease in newborns with co-infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20 (2001) 404-410
30. Hageman J.R. Congenital and perinatal tuberculosis: discussion of difficult issues in diagnosis and management. J Perinatol 18 (1998) 389-394
31. Snider Jr. D.E., and Bloch A.B. Congenital tuberculosis. Tubercle 65 (1984) 81-82
32. Pillay T. Risk factors associated with vertical transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Perinatal tuberculosis and HIV-1 co-infection. Doctoral thesis, University of KwaZulu Natal; 2002. p. 83-4.
33. Zar H.J., Hanslo D., Apolles P., Swingler G., and Hussey G. Induced sputum versus gastric lavage for microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children: a prospective study. Lancet 365 (2005) 130-134
34. Jatana S.K., Nair M.N.G., Lahiri K.K., and Sarin N.P. Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Indian Pediatr 37 (2000) 375-382
35. Singh M., Ahsan Moosa N.V., Kumar L., and Sharma M. Role of gastric lavage and broncho-alveolar lavage in the bacteriological diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian Pediatr 37 (2000) 947-951
36. Moodley D., Payne A.J., and Moodley J. Maternal mortality in KwaZulu Natal: need for an information database system and confidential enquiry into maternal deaths in developing countries. Trop Doct 26 (1996) 50-54
37. Menéndez C., Romagosa C., Ismail M.R., et al. An autopsy study of maternal mortality, in Mozambique: the contribution of infectious diseases. PLoS Med 5 (2008) e48 (comments in)
38. Anderson G.D. Tuberculosis in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 21 (1997) 328-335
39. Jana N., Vasishta K., Jindal S.K., et al. Perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 44 (1994) 119-124
40. Figueroa-Damian R., and Arrendondo-Garcia J.L. Pregnancy and tuberculosis: influence on treatment on perinatal outcome. Am J Perinatol 15 (1998) 303-306
41. Figueroa-Damian R., and Arrendondo-Garcia J.L. Neonatal outcome of children born to women with tuberculosis. Arch Med Res 32 (2001) 66-69
42. Thorne C., and Newell M.L. Epidemiology of HIV infection in the newborn. Early Hum Dev 58 (2000) 1-16
43. Gupta A., Nayak U., Ram M., et al. Postpartum tuberculosis incidence andmortality among HIV-infected women and their infants in Pune, India, 2002-2005. Clin Infect Dis 45 (2007) 241-249
44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Elimination Tuberculosis and pregnancy; June 2006. Available from: [www.cdc.gov.tb].
45. World Health Organization. Recommendations for initiating ARV in pregnant women. Available from: [http://womenchildhiv.org].
46. Harries A.D., Chimzizi R., and Zachariah R. Safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of concomitant user of highly active antiretroviral therapy with drugs for tuberculosis in resource-poor settings. Lancet 367 (2006) 944-945
47. Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recommendations 1998. Thorax 53 (1998) 536-548
48. Antiretroviral Agents Pediatic Edition (AETC: Aids Education and Training Centre). Available from: February 2006 [www.FAETC.org].
49. Edlin B.R., Tokars J.I., Grieco M.H., et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among hospitalised patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Eng J Med 326 (1992) 1514-1521
50. Davies PDO. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Available from: [http:/www.priory.com/cmol/TBMultid.htm].
51. Shin S., Guerra D., Rich M., et al. Treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis during pregnancy: a report of 7 cases. Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003) 996-1003
52. Drobac P.C., del Castillo H., Sweetland A., et al. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis during pregnancy: long term follow-up of 6 children with intrauterine exposure to second-line agents. Clin Infect Dis 140 (2005) 1689-1692
53. American Academy of Paediatrics Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 93 (1994) 137-150
54. Riley L. Pneumonia and tuberculosis in pregnancy. Infect Dis Clin North Am 11 (1997) 119-133
55. Coutsoudis A., Pillay K., Spooner E., et al. Influence of infant-feeding patterns on early mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 in Durban, South Africa: a prospective cohort study. South African Vitamin A Study Group. Lancet 354 (1999) 471-476
56. Cesar J.A., Victora C.G., Barros F.C., Santos I.S., and Flores J.A. Impact of breast feeding on admission for pneumonia during postnatal period in Brazil: nested case control study. Br Med J 318 (1999) 1316-1320
57. Piwoz E.G., Ferguson Y.O., Bentley M.E., et al. Differences between international recommendations on breastfeeding in the presence of HIV and the attitudes and conselling messages of health workers in Lilongwe, Malawi. Int Breastfeed J 1 (2006) 2-10
58. Israel-Ballard K., Donovan R., Chantry C., et al. Flash-heat inactivation of HIV-1 in human milk: a potential method to reduce postnatal transmission in developing countries. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 45 (2007) 318-323
59. Shapiro R.L., Holland D.T., Capparelli E., et al. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of women in Botswana receiving antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis 192 (2005) 720-727
60. Kumwenda N.I., Hoover D.R., Mofensen L.M., et al. Extended antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breast milk HIV-1 transmission. N Engl J Med 359 (2008) 119-129
61. Bulterys M., Weidl P.J., Abrams E.J., and Fowler M.G. Combination antiretroviral therapy in African nursing mothers and drug exposure in their infants: new pharmacokinetic and virologic findings. J Infect Dis 192 (2005) 709-712
62. Onyebujoh P., Rodriguez W., and Mwaba P. Priorities in tuberculosis research. Lancet 367 (2006) 940-941
63. World Health Organization. Interim policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities (2004), WHO, Geneva
64. Blanc F.X., Havlir D.V., Onyebujoh P.C., et al. Treatment strategies for HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis: ongoing and planned clinical trials. J Infect Dis 196 (2007) S46-S51