The influence of thermally-induced mesoscale circulations on turbulence statistics over an idealized urban area under a zero background wind

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 131, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 403-423

  Wang, Weiguo ^a  

^a CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Isolated urban area; Large eddy simulation; Mixed layer; Thermally induced mesoscale circulation; Urban boundary layer

Indexed keywords

BACKGROUND WINDS; CELLULAR PATTERNS; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYERS; EMPIRICAL RELATIONS; FLOW CONVERGENCES; FLOW STATISTICS; HOMOGENOUS FLOWS; HORIZONTAL VELOCITIES; ISOLATED URBAN AREA; LOCAL MAXIMUM; MESOSCALE MODELS; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; MIXED LAYER; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PROGNOSTIC EQUATIONS; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUXES; STREAKY STRUCTURES; THERMALLY-INDUCED MESOSCALE CIRCULATION; TURBULENCE STATISTICS; TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGIES; URBAN BOUNDARY LAYER; URBAN SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS; URBAN-RURAL; VERTICAL PROFILES; VERTICAL VELOCITIES; WIND SHEARS;

AERODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; BOUNDARY LAYERS; BUOYANCY; KINETIC ENERGY; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; PRODUCTION; RURAL AREAS; TURBULENCE; WIND POWER;

FLOW SIMULATION;

BUOYANCY; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; CONVERGENCE; FLOW VELOCITY; HEIGHT DETERMINATION; KINETIC ENERGY; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; MESOSCALE MOTION; MIXED LAYER; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; TURBULENCE; TURBULENT FLOW; URBAN AREA; WIND SHEAR;

EID: 67349213212     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-009-9378-2     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Albertson JD, Kustas WP, Scanlon TM (2001) Large-eddy simulation over heterogeneous terrain with remotely sensed land surface conditions. Water Resour Res 37:1939-1953. doi: 10.1029/2000WR900339
2. Angevine WM, White AB, Senff CJ, Trainer M, Banta RM, Ayoub MA (2003) Urban-rural contrasts in mixing height and cloudiness over Nashville in 1999. J Geophys Res Atmos 108(D3):4092. doi: 4010.1029/2001JD001061
3. Arakawa A, Lamb V (1977) Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model. In: Chang J (ed) Methods in computational physics, vol 17. Academic Press, pp 173-265
4. Arnfield AJ (2003) Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. Int J Climatol 23(1):1-26. doi: 10.1002/joc.859
5. Avissar R, Schmidt T (1998) An evaluation of the scale at which ground-surface heat flux patchiness affects the convective boundary layer using large-eddy simulations. J Atmos Sci 55(16):2666-2689. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2666:AEOTSA>2.0.CO;2
6. Banta RM, White AB (2003) Mixing-height differences between land use types: Dependence on wind speed. J Geophys Res Atmos 108(D10):4321. doi: 4310.1029/2002JD002748
7. Blackadar AK (1962) The vertical distribution wind and turbulent exchnage in a neutral atmosphere. J Geophys Res 67:3095-3102. doi: 10.1029/JZ067i008p03095
8. Briggs GA (1988) Surface inhomogeneity effects on convective diffusion. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 45(1-2):117-135
9. Brown MJ, Williams M (1998) An urban canopy parameterization for mesoscale meteorological models. In: Proceedings of second symposium on the urban environment, Albuquerque, NM1998, American Meteorological Society, pp 144-147
10. Bryan GH, Fritsch JM (2002) A benchmark simulation for moist nonhydrostatic numerical models. Mon Weather Rev 130(12):2917-2928. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2917:ABSFMN>2.0.CO;2
11. Cai X (1999) Large-eddy simulation of the convective boundary layer over an idealized patchy urban surface. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 125:1427-1444. doi: 10.1256/smsqj.55615
12. Castro I, Cheng H, Reynolds R (2006) Turbulence over urban-type roughness: Deductions from wind-tunnel measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 118(1):109. doi: 10.1007/s10546-005-5747-7
13. Cheng H, Castro IP (2002) Near wall flow over urban-like roughness. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 104(2):229-259. doi: 10.1023/A:1016060103448
14. Chin HS, Leach MJ, Sugiyama GA, Leone JM Jr, Hoyt W, Nasstrom JS, Brown MJ (2005) Evaluation of an urban canopy parameterization in a mesoscale model using VTMX and URBAN 2000 data. Mon Weather Rev 133:2043-2068. doi: 10.1175/MWR2962.1
15. Ching JKS (1985) Urban-scale variations of turbulence parameters and fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 33(4):335-361. doi: 10.1007/BF00116683
16. Dalu GA, Pielke RA (1993) Vertical fluxes generated by mesoscale atmospheric flow induced by thermal inhomogeneities in the PBL. J Atmos Sci 50:919-926. doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(1993)050<0919:VHFGBM>2.0.CO;2
17. Deardorff JW (1980) Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model. Boundary- Layer Meteorol 18(4):495-527. doi: 10.1007/BF00119502
18. Gopalakrishnan SG, Roy SB, Avissar R (2000) An evaluation of the scale at which topographical features affect the convective boundary layer using large eddy simulations. J Atmos Sci 57:336-351
19. Grimmond CSB (2006) Progress in measuring and observing the urban atmosphere. Theor Appl Climatol 84(1-3):3-22
20. Hadfield MG, Cotton WR, Pielke RA (1991) Large-eddy simulation of thermally forced circulation in the convective boundary layer. Part I: A small scale circulation with zero wind. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 57:79-114. doi: 10.1007/BF00119714
21. Hechtel LM, Moeng C-H, Stull RB (1990) The effects of nonhomogeneous surface fluxes on the convective boundary layer: A case study using large-eddy simulation. J Atmos Sci 47:1721-1741. doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(1990)047<1721:TEONSF>2.0.CO;2
22. Kanda M (2006) Large-eddy simulations on the effects of surface geometry of building arrays on turbulent organized structures. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 118(1):151-168. doi: 10.1007/s10546-005-5294-2
23. Kanda M, Moriwaki R, Kasamatsu F (2004) Large-eddy simulation of turbulent organized structures within and above explicitly resolved cube arrays. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 112(2):343-368. doi: 10.1023/ B:BOUN.0000027909.40439.7c
24. Kustas WP, Albertson JD (2003) Effects of surface temperature contrast on land-atmosphere exchange: A case study from Monson 90. Water Resour Res 39:1159. doi: 1110.1029/2001WR001226
25. Letzel MO, Raasch S (2003) Large eddy simulation of thermally induced oscillations in the convective boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 60(18):2328-2341. doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(2003)060<2328:LESOTI>2.0.CO;2
26. Mayor SD, Spalart PR, Tripoli GJ (2002) Application of a perturbation recycling method in the large-eddy simulation of a mesoscale convective internal boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 59(15):2385-2395. doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(2002)059<2385:AOAPRM>2.0.CO;2
27. Mellor GL, Yamada T (1982) Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev Geophys Space Phys 20(4):851-875. doi: 10.1029/RG020i004p00851
28. Moeng C-H (1984) A large-eddy-simulation model for the study of planetary boundary-layer turbulence. J Atmos Sci 41:2052-2062. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2052:ALESMF>2.0.CO;2
29. Moeng C-H, Rotunno R (1990) Vertical-velocity skewness in the buoyancy-driven boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 47(9):1149-1162. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<1149:VVSITB>2.0.CO;2
30. Morrison NL, Webster HN (2005) An assessment of turbulence profiles in rural and urban environments using local measurements and numerical weather prediction results. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 115(2):223-239. doi: 10.1007/s10546-004-4422-8
31. Moyer KA, Young GS (1991) Observations of vertical velocity skewness within the marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 48(3):403-410. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0403:OOVVSW>2.0.CO;2
32. Patton EG (1997) Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow above and within a plant canopy. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis
33. Patton EG, Sullivan PP, Moeng C-H (2005) The influence of idealized heterogeneity on wet and dry planetary boundary layers coupled to the land surface. J Atmos Sci 62(7):2078-2097. doi: 10.1175/JAS3465.1
34. Roth M (2000) Review of atmospheric turbulence over cites. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 126:941-990. doi: 10.1256/smsqj.56408
35. Schmidt H, Schumann U (1989) Coherent structure of the convective boundary layer derived from large-eddy simulations. J Fluid Mech 200:511-562. doi: 10.1017/S0022112089000753
36. Shen S, Leclerc MY (1995) How large must surface inhomogeneities be before they influence the convective boundary layer structure? A case study. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 121:1209-1228. doi: 10.1002/qj.49712152603
37. Spangler T, Dirks R (1974) Meso-scale variations of the urban mixing height. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 6(3-4):423-441
38. Wang W (2009) The influence of topography on single-tower-based carbon flux measurements under unstable conditions: A modeling perspective. Theor Appl Climatol doi: 10.1007/s00704-009-0130-0
39. Wang W, Davis K (2008) A numerical study of the influence of a clearcut on eddy-covariance flux measurements above a forest. Agric For Meteorol 148:1488-1500. doi: 1410.1016/j.agrformet.2008.1405.1009
40. Wong KK, Dirks RA (1978) Mesoscale perturbations on airflow in the urban mixing layer. J Appl Meteorol 17(5):677-688. doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0450(1978)017<0677:MPOAIT>2.0.CO;2
41. Xie Z, Castro I (2006) LES and RANS for turbulent flow over arrays of wall-mounted obstacles. Flow Turbul Combus 76(3):291-312. doi: 10.1007/ s10494-006-9018-6