Heroin-gel capsule cocktails and groin injecting practices among ethnic Vietnamese in Melbourne, Australia

International Journal of Drug Policy

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 340-346

  Higgs, Peter ^a,b,d   Dwyer, Robyn ^b,c   Duong, Duyen ^b   Thach, My Li ^b   Hellard, Margaret ^b   Power, Robert ^b   Maher, Lisa ^d  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b BURNET INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^c CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Diphenhydramine; Ethnic Vietnamese; Gel capsules injecting; Groin injecting; Street drug market

Indexed keywords

DIAMORPHINE; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; ILLICIT DRUG; STREET DRUG; TEMAZEPAM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG ABUSE PATTERN; DRUG CAPSULE; DRUG TRAFFIC; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; FEMORAL VEIN; GEL; HARM REDUCTION; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; INGUINAL REGION; INJECTION SITE; INJECTION SITE REACTION; INTERVIEW; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF INJECTION; VIET NAM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; ATTITUDE; AUSTRALIA; CAPSULES; COHORT STUDIES; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; FEMALE; GROIN; HARM REDUCTION; HEROIN; HUMANS; MALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS; VIETNAM;

EID: 67349182391     PISSN: 09553959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.05.001     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Aitken C., and Higgs P. Severe vein damage caused by temazepam injecting. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 26 1 (2002) 79
2. Aitken C., Moore D., Higgs P., Kelsall J., and Kerger M. The impact of a police crackdown on a street drug scene: evidence from the street. The International Journal of Drug Policy 13 3 (2002) 189-198
3. Breen C., Degenhardt L., Bruno R., Roxburgh A., and Jenkinson R. The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia. The Medical Journal of Australia 181 6 (2004) 300-304
4. Dobbin M., Martyres R.F., Clode D., and Champion De Crespigny F.E. Association of benzodiazepine injection with the prescription of temazepam capsules. Drug and Alcohol Review 22 2 (2003) 153-157
5. Dwyer R. Privileging pleasure: Temazepam injection in a heroin marketplace. The International Journal of Drug Policy (2007) 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.09.004
6. Dwyer R., Power R., Topp L., Maher L., Jauncey M., Conroy, et al. The IRID Project: An exploratory study of non-viral injecting-related injuries and diseases among Australian injecting drug users, Melbourne (2007), The Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, The Burnet p. 155
7. Feeney G., and Gibbs H. Digit loss following misuse of temazepam. The Medical Journal of Australia 176 8 (2002) 380
8. Fitzgerald J.L., Louie R., Crofts N., and Rosenthal D. The meaning of the rush for initiates to injecting drug use. Contemporary Drug Problems 26 3 (1999) 481-504
9. Fountain J., Griffiths P., Farrell M., Gossop M., and Strang J. Benzodiazepines in polydrug-using repertoires: The impact of the decreased availability of temazepam gel-filled capsules. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 6 1 (1999) 61-69
10. Fry C., and Bruno R. Recent trends in benzodiazepine use by injecting drug users in Victoria and Tasmania. Drug and Alcohol Review 21 4 (2002) 363-367
11. Hellard M., Nguyen O., Guy R., Jardine D., Mijch A., and Higgs P. The prevalence and risk behaviours associated with the transmission of blood borne viruses among ethnic-Vietnamese injecting drug users. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 30 6 (2006) 519-525
12. Jaffe J., Bloor R., Crome I., Carr M., Alam F., Simmons A., et al. A post-marketing study of relative abuse liability of hypnotic sedative drugs. Addiction 99 2 (2004) 165-173
13. Kelsall J., Higgs P., and Crofts N. The Vietnamese injecting drug use and harm reduction study (1999), Centre for Harm Reduction, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Melbourne
14. Kelsall J., Higgs P., Hocking J., Aitken C., and Crofts N. The Vietnamese harm reduction project: Stage 2 (2001), Centre for Harm Reduction, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Melbourne
15. Klee H., Faugier J., Hayes C., Boulton T., and Morris J. AIDS-related risk behaviour, polydrug use and temazepam. British Journal of Addiction 85 9 (1990) 1125-1132
16. Lenton S., and Single E. The definition of harm reduction. Drug and Alcohol Review 17 2 (1998) 213-220
17. Maher L., and Dixon D. Policing and public health: Law enforcement and harm minimization in a street-level drug market. British Journal of Criminology 39 4 (1999) 488-512
18. Maher, L., Dixon, D., Hall, W., Lynskey, M. (1998). Running the risks: Heroin, health and harm in South West Sydney (NDARC Monograph 38). National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney.
19. Maher L., Sargent P., Higgs P., Crofts N., Kelsall J., and Le T.T. Risk behaviours of young Indo-Chinese injecting drug users in Sydney and Melbourne. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25 1 (2001) 50-54
20. Matheson C., Bond C., and Pitcairn J. Misuse of over-the-counter medicines from community pharmacies: A population survey of Scottish pharmacies. The Pharmaceutical Journal 269 7206 (2002) 66-68
21. McKnight I., Maas B., Wood E., Tyndall M., Small W., Lai C., et al. Factors associated with public injecting among users of Vancouver's supervised injection facility. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 33 2 (2007) 319-325
22. Miller P., Lintzeris N., and Forzisi L. Is groin injecting an ethical boundary for harm reduction?. The International Journal of Drug Policy (2007) 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.10.001
23. Pates R., McBride A., Li S., and Ramadan R. Misuse of over-the-counter medicines: A survey of community pharmacies in a South Wales Health Authority. The Pharmaceutical Journal 268 7184 (2002) 179-182
24. Rhodes T. The 'risk environment': a framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm. The International Journal of Drug Policy 13 2 (2002) 85-94
25. Rhodes T., Briggs D., Kimber J., Jones S., and Holloway G. Crack-heroin speedball injection and its implications for vein care: Qualitative study. Addiction 102 11 (2007) 1782-1790
26. Rhodes T., Lilly R., Fernandez C., Giorgino E., Kemmesis U., Ossebaard H., et al. Risk factors associated with drug use: the importance of 'risk environment'. Drugs: Education Prevention and Policy 10 4 (2003) 303-329
27. Rhodes T., Stoneman A., Hope V., Hunt N., Martin A., and Judd A. Groin injecting in the context of crack cocaine and homelessness: From 'risk boundary' to 'acceptable risk'?. International Journal of Drug Policy 17 3 (2006) 164-170
28. Roberts K., Gruer L., and Gilhooly T. Misuse of diphenhydramine soft gel capsules (Sleepia): a cautionary tale from Glasgow. Addiction 94 10 (1999) 1575-1577
29. Roszler M., McCarroll K., Donovan K., Rashid T., and Kling G. The groin hit: Complications of intravenous drug abuse. Radiographics 9 3 (1989) 487-508
30. Ruben S., and Morrison C. Temazepam misuse in a group of injecting drug users. British Journal of Addiction 87 10 (1992) 1387-1392
31. Sargent P., Maher L., Higgs P., and Crofts N. Initiation into injecting drug use of young Indo-Chinese people. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 12 3 (2001) 242-247
32. Strang J., Griffiths P., Abbey J., and Gossop M. Survey of use of injected benzodiazepines among drug users in Britain. British Medical Journal 308 6936 (1994) 1082
33. Strauss A., and Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (1990), Sage, Thousand Oaks
34. Swift W., Maher L., and Sunjic S. Transitions between routes of heroin administration: a study of Caucasian and Indochinese heroin users in south-western Sydney, Australia. Addiction 94 1 (1999) 71-82
35. Thomas A., Nallur D., Jones N., and Deslandes P. Diphenhydramine abuse and detoxification: A brief review and case report. Journal of Psychopharmacology (2008) 10.1177/0269881107083809
36. Watters J., and Biernacki P. Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations. Social Problems 36 4 (1989) 416-430
37. Zador D. Facilitating groin injecting behaviour: Harm reduction or harm production?. Addiction 102 11 (2007) 1791-1792
38. Zimmer G. Temazepam injection prevention initiative-A prevention campaign. Of Substance 3 4 (2005) 16