Nitrogen sources in the South China Sea, as discerned from stable nitrogen isotopic ratios in rivers, sinking particles, and sediments

Marine Chemistry

Volumn 114, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 72-85

  Gaye, B ^a   Wiesner, M G ^a   Lahajnar, N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Amino acids; Rivers; Sediments; Sinking particles; South China Sea; Stable nitrogen isotopes

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; DEEP SEA; DEGRADATION; EL NINO; GLOBAL WARMING; GYRE; ISOTOPIC RATIO; MARINE SEDIMENT; NITRATE; NITROGEN FIXATION; NITROGEN ISOTOPE; PLANKTON; REMINERALIZATION; SEDIMENT TRAP; SEDIMENTATION; STABLE ISOTOPE; STRATIFICATION; SURFACE WATER;

PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA;

PINATUBO;

EID: 67349136514     PISSN: 03044203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2009.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Altabet M.A., and Small L.F. Nitrogen isotopic ratios in fecal pellets produced by marine zooplankton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54 (1990) 155-163
2. Altabet M.A., Deuser W.G., Honjo S., and Stienen C. Seasonal and depth-related changes in the source of sinking particles in the North Atlantic. Nature 354 (1991) 136-139
3. Altabet M., Murray D., and Prell W. Climatically linked oscillations in Arabian Sea denitrification over the past 1 m.y.: implications for the marine N cycle. Paleoceanography 14 6 (1999) 732-743
4. 2. Nature 415 (2002) 159-162
5. Brandes J.A., and Devol A.H. A global marine-fixed nitrogen isotopic budget, Implications for Holocene nitrogen cycling. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16 4 (2002) 10.1029/2001GB001856
6. Buesseler K.O., et al. An assessment of the use of sediment traps for estimating upper ocean particle fluxes. Journal of Marine Research 65 3 (2007) 345-416
7. Carpenter E., Harvey H., Fry B., and Capone D. Biogeochemical tracers of the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Deep-Sea Research I 44 (1997) 27-38
8. Casciotti K.L., Trull T.W., Glover D.M., and Davies D. Constraints on nitrogen cycling at the subtropical North Pacific Station ALOHA from isotopic measurements of nitrate and particulate nitrogen. Deep-Sea Research II 55 (2008) 1661-1672
9. Chao S.-Y., Shaw P.-T., and Wu S.Y. El Niño modulation of the South China Sea circulation. Progress in Oceanography 38 (1996) 51-93
10. Checkley D.M., and Entzeroth L.C. Elemental and isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen by marine, planktonic copepods and implications to the marine nitrogen cycle. Journal of Plankton Research 7 4 (1985) 553-568
11. Chen P.Y. Minerals in bottom sediments of the South China Sea. Geological Society of America Bulletin 89 (1978) 211-222
12. Chen Y.-I.L. Spatial and seasonal variations of nitrate-based new production and primary production in the South China Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 52 (2005) 319-340
13. Chen Y.-I.L., Chen H.-Y., and Lin Y.-H. Distribution and downward flux of Trichodesmium in the South China Sea as influenced by the transport from the Kuroshio Current. Marine Ecology Progress Series 259 (2003) 47-57
14. - 1 vs the concept of homeostasis in the fixed-nitrogen budget. Biogeosciences 4 (2007) 233-253
15. Codispoti L.A., et al. The oceanic fixed nitrogen and nitrous oxide budgets, moving targets as we enter the anthropocene?. Scientia Marina 65 2 (2001) 85-105
16. Dähnke K., Bahlmann E., and Emeis K.-C. A nitrate sink in estuaries? An assessment by means of stable nitrate isotopes in the Elbe estuary. Limnology and Oceanography 53 4 (2008) 1504-1511
17. Dauwe B., and Middelburg J.J. Amino acids and hexosamines as indicators of organic matter degradation state in North Sea sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 43 (1998) 782-798
18. Dauwe B., Middelburg J.J., Hermann P.M.J., and Heip C.H.R. Linking diagenetic alteration of amino acids and bulk organic matter reactivity. Limnology and Oceanography 44 (1999) 1809-1814
19. Deutsch C., Sarmiento J.L., Sigman D.M., Gruber N., and Dunne J.P. Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean. Nature 445 (2007) 163-167
20. Dore J.E., Brum J.R., Tupas L.M., and Karl D.M. Seasonal and interannual variability in sources of nitrogen supporting export in the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 47 6 (2002) 1595-1607
21. Duce R.A., and Tindale N.W. Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 36 8 (1991) 1715-1726
22. Duce R.A., et al. Impacts of atmospheric antropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean. Science 320 (2008) 893-897
23. Fang M., Zheng M., Wang F., Chim K.S., and Kot S.C. The long-range transport of aerosols from northern China to Hong Kong - a multi-technique study. Atmospheric Environment 33 (1999) 1803-1817
24. Ganeshram R.S., Pedersen T.F., Calvert S.E., and Francois R. Reduced nitrogen fixation in the glacial ocean inferred from changes in marine nitrogen and phosphorus inventories. Nature 414 (2002) 156-159
25. Gaye-Haake B., et al. Stable nitrogen isotopic ratios of sinking particles and sediments from the northern Indian Ocean. Marine Chemistry 96 (2005) 243-255
26. Gerbich, C., 2001. Lithogener Partikelfluß im Südchinesischen Meer, Quellen, Transport und Sedimentation. Ph.D. Dissertation, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Hamburg, 148 pp.
27. 2 variations. In: Follows M., and Oguz T. (Eds). The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate. NATO ASI Series (2004), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 97-148
28. Gruber N. The marine nitrogen cycle, overview and challenges. In: Capone D.G., Bronk D.A., Mulholland M.R., and Carpenter E. (Eds). Nitrogen in the Marine Environment. 2nd Edition (2008), Academic Press, San Diego
29. Gruber N., and Galloway J.N. An earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle. Nature 451 (2008) 293-296
30. Gruber N., and Sarmiento J.L. Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 11 2 (1997) 235-266
31. Haake B., et al. Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 40 (1993) 1323-1344
32. Haeckel M., van Beusekom J., Wiesner M.G., and König I. The impact of the 1991 Pinatubo tephra fallout on the geochemical environment of the deep-sea sediments in the South China Sea. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 193 (2001) 151-166
33. Hastings M.G., Steig E.J., and Sigman D.M. Seasonal variations in N and O isotopes of nitrate in snow at Summit, Greenland: implications for the study of nitrate in snow and ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 D20306 (2004) 10.1029/2004JD004991
34. Higginson M.J., Maxwell J.R., and Altabet M.A. Nitrogen isotope and chlorin paleoproductivity records from the northern South China Sea: remote vs. local forcing of millenial- and orbital-scale variability. Marine Geology 201 (2003) 223-250
35. Hordoir R., Nguyen K.D., and Polcher J. Simulating tropical river plumes, a set of parametrizations based on macroscale data, a test case in the Mekong Delta region. Journal of Geophysical Research 111 C09036 (2006) 10.1029/2005JC003392
36. Hu J., Kawamura H., Hong H., and Qi Y. A review on the currents in the South China Sea: seasonal circulation, South China Sea warm current and Kuroshio intrusion. Journal of Oceanography 56 (2000) 607-624
37. Hu J., Peng P., Jia G., Mai B., and Zhang G. Distribution and sources of organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes in the subtropical Pearl River estuary and adjacent shelf, Southern China. Marine Chemistry 98 (2006) 274-285
38. Ittekkot V., et al. Enhanced particle flux in the Bay of Bengal induced by injection of fresh water. Nature 351 (1991) 385-387
39. Kienast M. Unchanged nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter in the South China Sea during the last climatic cycle, global implications. Paleoceanography 15 2 (2000) 244-253
40. Kienast M., et al. On the sedimentological origin of down-core variations of bulk sedimentary nitrogen isotope ratios. Paleoceanography 20 (2005) 10.1029/2004PA001081
41. Knapp A.N., Sigman D.M., and Lipschultz F. N isotopic composition of dissolved organic nitrogen and nitrate at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19 (2005) GB1018 10.1029/2004GB002320
42. Knapp, A.N., Hastings, M.G., Sigman, D.M., Lipschutz, F., Galloway, J.N., in press. The flux and isotopic composition of reduced and total nitrogen in Bermuda rain. Marine Chemistry. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2008.08.007.
43. LaFond, E.C., 1963. Physical oceanography and its relation to the marine organic production in the South China Sea. In: Ecology of the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea, A Report on the Results of the NAGA Expedition, 1959-1961 (ed. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, SIO Reference Number 63-6), 5-33.
44. Lahajnar N., Wiesner M.G., and Gaye B. Fluxes of amino acids and hexosamines to the deep South China Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 54 (2007) 2122-2140 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.08.009
45. Landmann G., Hutfils V., Hagemann F., and Ittekkot V. Distribution and behaviour of suspended matter and sediments in the Mekong River and the adjacent sea. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Mekong Delta, 13-27 February 1998. Cuu Long Project, European Commission, Brussels (1998) 100-115
46. Lin I.-I., Chen J.-P., Wong G.T.F., Huang C.-W., and Lien C.-C. Aerosol input to the South China Sea: results from the MODerate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer, the quick scatterometer, and the measurements of pollution in the troposphere sensor. Deep-Sea Research I 54 (2007) 1589-1601
47. Liu K.-K., Su M.-J., Hsueh C.-R., and Gong G.-C. The nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrate in the Kuroshio Water northeast of Taiwan: evidence for nitrogen fixation as a source of isotopically light nitrate. Marine Chemistry 54 (1996) 273-292
48. Liu K.-K., Chao S.-Y., Shaw P.T., Gong G.-C., Chen C.-C., and Tang T.Y. Monsoon-forced chlorophyll distribution and primary production in the South China Sea: observations and a numerical study. Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 1387-1412
49. Logan J.M., and Lutcavage M.E. A comparison of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of fish tissues following lipid extractions with non-polar and traditional chloroform/methanol solvent systems. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 22 (2008) 1081-1086
50. Loick N., Dippner J.W., Doan H.N., Liskow I., and Voss M. Pelagic nitrogen dynamics in the Vietnamese upwelling area according to stable nitrogen and carbon isotope data. Deep-Sea Research I 54 (2007) 596-607
51. Loick N., Gehre M., and Voss M. Stable nitrogen isotopes in essential versus non-essential amino acids of different plankton size fractions. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 43 4 (2007) 281-293
52. Macko S.A., Fogel (Estep) M.L., Hare P.E., and Hoering T.C. Isotopic fractionation of nitrogen and carbon in the synthesis of amino acids by microorganisms. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geosciences Section) 65 (1987) 72-92
53. 2-fixation in the tropical North Atlantic: insights provided by stable isotope ratios of amino acids. Deep-Sea Research I 50 (2003) 849-861
54. Ménard F., Lorrain A., Potier M., and Marsac F. Isotopic evidence of distinct feeding ecologies and movement patterns in two migratory predators (yellowfin tuna and swordfish) of the western Indian Ocean. Marine Biology 153 (2007) 141-152
55. Merrill J.T., Uematsu M., and Bleck R. Meteorological analysis of long range transport of mineral aerosols over the North Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 D6 (1989) 8584-8598
56. Milliman J.D., and Meade R.H. World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. The Journal of Geology 91 1 (1983) 1-21
57. Montoya J.P., Carpenter E.J., and Capone D.G. Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen isotope abundance in zooplankton of the oligotrophic North Atlantic. Limnology and Oceanography 47 6 (2002) 1617-1628
58. Nair R.R., et al. Increased particle fluxes to the oceans related to monsoons. Nature 338 (1989) 749-751
59. 2O isotope signatures in the Arabian Sea. Nature 394 (1998) 462-464
60. Niino H., and Emery K.O. Sediments of the shallow portions of East China Sea and South China Sea. Geological Society of America Bulletin 72 (1961) 731-762
61. Ose T., Song Y., and Kitoh A. Sea surface temperature in the South China Sea - an index for the Asian monsoon and ENSO system. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 75 6 (1997) 1091-1107
62. Ramaswamy V., et al. Distribution and sources of organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopic signatures in sediments from the Ayeyarwady (Irrawady) continental shelf, northern Andaman Sea. Marine Chemistry 111 (2008) 137-150 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.04.006
63. 15N natural abundance in the Pacific and its marginal seas. Deep-Sea Research I 34 5/6 (1987) 807-827
64. Shaw P.-T., and Chao S.-Y. Surface circulation in the South China Sea. Deep-Sea Research 41 (1994) 1663-1683
65. Shaw P.-T., Chao S.-Y., Liu K.-K., Pai S.-C., and Liu C.-T. Winter upwelling off Luzon in the northeastern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (1996) 16,435-16,448
66. 15N of nitrate in the Southern Ocean: nitrogen cycling and circulation in the ocean interior. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 C8 (2000) 19,599-19,614
67. Struck U., Emeis K.-C., Voß M., Krom M.D., and Rau G.H. Biological productivity during sapropel S5 formation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: evidence from stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65 19 (2001) 3249-3266
68. 2O and global climate. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15 3 (2001) 637-650
69. Szczucinski W., and Stattegger K. Style and rate of shelf sedimentation offshore Nha Trang, Vietnam, South China Sea. Meyniana 53 (2001) 143-162
70. Tang D.-L., Ni I.-H., Kester D.R., and Müller-Karger F.E. Remote sensing observations of winter phytoplankton blooms southwest of the Luzon Strait in the South China Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 191 (1999) 43-51
71. Thunell R.C., Sigman D.M., Müller-Karger F., Astor Y., and Vareka R. Nitrogen isotopic dynamics of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18 GB3001 (2004) 10.1029/2003GB002185
72. Udarbe-Walker M.J.B., and Villanoy C.B. Structure of potential upwelling areas in the Philippines. Deep-Sea Research 48 (2001) 1499-1518
73. Unger D., Ittekkot V., Schäfer P., and Tiemann J. Biogeochemistry of particulate organic matter form the Bay of Bengal as discernible from hydrolysable neutral carbohydrates and amino acids. Marine Chemistry 96 (2005) 155-184
74. Unger D., Schäfer P., Ittekkot V., and Gaye B. Nitrogen isotopic composition of sinking particles from the southern Bay of Bengal: evidence for variable nitrogen sources. Deep-Sea Research I 53 (2006) 1658-1676
75. 13C) in suspendierten und sedimentierten Partikeln im Nördlichen Nordatlantik. Berichte Sonderforschungsbereich 313, Universität Kiel(32), 1-130.
76. Voss M., and Struck U. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes as indicator of eutrophication of the Oder river (Baltic Sea). Marine Chemistry 59 (1997) 35-49
77. Voss R., Dippner J.W., and Montoya J.P. Nitrogen isotope pattern in the oxygen-deficient waters of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I 48 (2001) 1905-1921
78. Voss M., Bombar D., Loick N., and Dippner J.W. Riverine influence on nitrogen fixation in the upwelling region off Vietnam, South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters 33 L07604 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL025569
79. Voss M., et al. River biogeochemistry and source identification of nitrate by means of isotopic tracers in the Baltic Sea catchments. Biogeosciences Discussions 3 (2006) 475-511
80. 15N in particulate organic matter in the North Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 40 (1976) 249-251
81. Wang G., Su J., and Chu P.C. Mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea observed with altimeter data. Geophysical Research Letters 30 21 (2003) 10.1029/2003GL018532
82. Wiesner M.G., Wang Y., and Zheng L. Fallout of volcanic ash to the deep South China Sea induced by the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Geology 23 (1995) 885-888
83. Wiesner M.G., Wetzel A., Catane S.G., Listanco E.L., and Mirabueno H.T. Grain size, areal thickness distribution and controls on sedimentation of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo tephra layer in the South China Sea. Bulletin of Volcanology 66 (2004) 226-242
84. Wong G.T.F., et al. Nitrate anomaly in the upper nutricline in the northern South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters 29 23 (2002) 10.1029/2002GL015796
85. Wu J., et al. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus, dissolved iron and Trichodesmium in the oligotrophic South China Sea. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17 1 (2003) 10.1029/2002GB001924
86. Wyrtki K. Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters: scientific results of marine investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. (1961) 195
87. Xie S.-P., Xie Q., Wang D., and Liu T.L. Summer upwelling in the South China Sea and its role in regional climate variations. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 C8, 3261 (2003) 10.1029/2003JC001867
88. Zhang L., and Altabet M.A. Amino-group-specific natural abundance nitrogen isotope ratio analysis in amino acids. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 22 (2008) 559-566