Deformation band clusters on Mars and implications for subsurface fluid flow

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 121, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 474-482

  Okubo, Chris H ^a,e   Schultz, Richard A ^b   Chan, Marjorie A ^c   Komatsu, Goro ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CHIETI   (Italy)

^e U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Deformation band; Diagenesis; Fault; Fluid flow; Mars

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION BAND; DIAGENESIS; FAULT; FLUID FLOW; MARS;

DEFORMATION; DEPOSITS; FLUIDS; RESERVOIRS (WATER); SEDIMENTOLOGY; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS;

FLOW OF FLUIDS;

DEFORMATION; DIAGENESIS; FAULT; FLUID FLOW; MARS; SUBSURFACE FLOW;

EID: 67349119369     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: 00167606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/B26421.1     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Andrews-Hanna, J.C., Phillips, R.J., and Zuber, M.T., 2007, Meridiani Planum and the global hydrology of Mars: Nature, v. 446, p. 163-166, doi:10.1038/nature05594.
2. Antonellini, M., and Aydin, A., 1994, Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones; petrophysical properties: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 78, p. 355-377.
3. Antonellini, M., and Aydin, A., 1995, Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones; geometry and spatial distribution: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 79, p. 642-671.
4. Artita, K.S., and Schultz, R.A., 2005, Significance of deformation band-like strike-slip faults on Mars: Houston, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 36th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract 2225.
5. Arvidson, R.E., et al., 2006, Nature and origin of the hematite-bearing plains of Meridiani Planum based on analyses of orbital and Mars Exploration Rover data sets: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 111, E12S08, doi:10.1029/2006JE002728.
6. Aydin, A., 1978, Small faults formed as deformation bands in sandstone: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 116, p. 913-930, doi:10.1007/BF00876546.
7. Aydin, A., and Johnson, A.M., 1978, Development of faults as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfaces in sandstone: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 116, p. 931-942, doi:10.1007/BF00876547.
8. Aydin, A., Borja, R.I., and Eichhubl, P., 2006, Geological and mathematical framework for failure modes in granular rock: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 28, p. 83-98, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.07.008.
9. Bibring, J.-P., et al., 2006, Global mineralogical and aqueous Mars history derived from OMEGA/Mars Express data: Science, v. 312, p. 400-404, doi:10.1126/science.1122659.
10. Burr, D.M., Grier, J.A., McEwen, A.S., and Keszthelyi, L.P., 2002, Repeated aqueous flooding from the Cerberus Fossae: Evidence for very recently extant, deep groundwater on Mars: Icarus, v. 159, p. 53-73, doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6921.
11. Chan, M.A., Parry, W.T., and Bowman, J.R., 2000, Diagenetic hematite and manganese oxides and fault-related fluid flow in Jurassic sandstones, southeastern Utah: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1281-1310, doi:10.1306/ A9673E82-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
12. Chan, M.A., Beitler Bowen, B., Parry, W.T., Ormö, J., and Komatsu, G., 2005, Red rock and red planet diagenesis: Comparisons of Earth and Mars concretions: GSA Today, v. 15, no. 8, p. 4-10.
13. Chan, M.A., Johnson, C.M., Beard, B.L., Bowman, J.R., and Parry, W.T., 2006, Iron isotopes constrain the pathways and formation mechanisms of terrestrial oxide concretions: A tool for tracing iron cycling on Mars?: Geosphere, v. 7, p. 324-332.
14. Chan, M., Netoff, D., Blakey, R., Kocurek, G., and Alvarez, W., 2007, Clastic-injection pipes and syndepositional deformation structures in Jurassic eolian deposits: Examples from the Colorado Plateau, in Hurst, A., and Cartwright, J., eds., Sand Injectites: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production: American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Memoir 87, p. 233-244.
15. Chapman, M.G., and Tanaka, K.L., 2001, Interior trough deposits on Mars: Subice volcanoes?: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, p. 10,087-10,100.
16. Chapman, M.G., and Tanaka, K.L., 2002, Related magmaice interactions: Possible origins of chasmata, chaos and surface materials in Xanthe, Margaritifer, and Meridiani Terrae: Mars: Icarus, v. 155, p. 324-339.
17. Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J.L., Clark, R.N., Edgett, K.S., Hamilton, V.E., Hoefen, T., Kieffer, H.H., Kuzmin, R.O., Lane, M.D., Malin, M.C., Morris, R.V., Pearl, J.C., Pearson, R., Roush, T.L., Ruff, S.W., and Smith, M.D., 2000, Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: Evidence for near-surface water: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, no. E4, p. 9623-9642, doi:10.1029/1999JE001093.
18. Christensen, P.R., Morris, R.V., Lane, M.D., Bandfield, J.L., and Malin, M.C., 2001, Global mapping of Martian hematite mineral deposits: Remnants of water-driven processes on early Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, p. 23,873-23,886, doi:10.1029/2000JE001415.
19. Davis, G.H., 1999, Structural Geology of the Colorado Plateau Region of Southern Utah, with Special Emphasis on Deformation Bands: Geological Society of America Special Paper 342, 157 p.
20. Dohm, J.M., Takana, K.L., and Hare, T.M., 2001, Paleotectonic Map of the Thaumasia Region, Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Geological Investigations Series I-2650, scale 1:5,000,000.
21. Dromart, G., Quantin, C., and Broucke, O., 2007, Stratigraphic architectures spotted in southern Melas Chasma, Valles Marineris, Mars: Geology, v. 35, p. 363-366, doi:10.1130/G23350A.1.
22. Eichhubl, P., Taylor, W.L., Pollard, D.D., and Aydin, A., 2004, Paleo-fluid flow and deformation in the Aztec Sandstone at the Valley of Fire, Nevada - Evidence for the coupling of hydrogeologic, diagenetic, and tectonic processes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, p. 1120-1136, doi:10.1130/B25446.1.
23. Farrand, W.H., Bell III, J.F., Johnson, J.R., Jolliff, B.L., Knoll, A.H., McLennan, S.M., Squyres, S.W., Calvin, W.M., Grotzinger, J.P., Morris, R.V., Soderblom, J., Thompson, S.D., Watters, W.A., and Yen, A.S., 2007, Visible and near-infrared multispectral analysis of rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars, by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, E06S02, doi:10.1029/ 2006JE002773.
24. Fossen, H., and Bale, A., 2007, Deformation bands and their influence on fluid flow: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 91, p. 1685-1700, doi:10.1306/07300706146.
25. Fossen, H., Johansen, T.E.S., Rotevatn, A., and Hesthammer, J., 2005, Fault interaction in porous sandstones: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 89, p. 1593-1606, doi:10.1306/ 07290505041.
26. Fossen, H., Schultz, R.A., Shipton, Z., and Mair, K., 2007, Deformation bands in sandstone - A review: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 164, p. 755-769, doi:10.1144/0016-76492006-036.
27. Geissler, P.E., Singer, R.B., Komatsu, G., Murchie, S., and Mustard, J., 1993, An unusual spectral unit in west Candor Chasma: Evidence for aqueous or hydrothermal alteration in the Martian canyons: Icarus, v. 106, p. 380-391, doi:10.1006/icar.1993.1179.
28. Gendrin, A., Mangold, N., Bibring, J-P., Langevin, Y., Gondet, B., Poulet, F., Bonello, G., Quantin, C., Mustard, J., Arvidson, R., and LeMouélic, S., 2005, Sulfates in Martian layered terrains: The OMEGA/Mars Express view: Science, v. 307, p. 1587-1591, doi:10.1126/ science.1109087.
29. Greeley, R., and Guest, J.E., 1987, Geologic Map of the Eastern Equatorial Region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series Map I-1802-B, scale 1:15,000,000, 1 sheet.
30. Grott, M., Hauber, E., Werner, S.C., Kronberg, P., and Neukum, G., 2007, Mechanical modeling of thrust faults in the Thaumasia region, Mars, and implications for the Noachian heat flux: Icarus, v. 186, p. 517-526, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.10.001.
31. Grotzinger, J.P., et al., 2005, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of a dry to wet eolian depositional system, Burns Formation, Meridiani Planum: Mars: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 240, p. 11-72, doi:10.1016/ j.epsl.2005.09.039.
32. Herkenhoff, K.E., et al., 2004, Evidence from Opportunity's microscopic imager for water on Meridiani Planum: Science, v. 306, p. 1727-1730.
33. Hesthammer, J., Bjorkum, P.A., and Watts, L., 2002, The effect of temperature on sealing capacity of faults in sandstone reservoirs: Examples from the Gullfaks and Gullfaks Sor fields: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1733-1751.
34. Hynek, B.M., Arvidson, R.E., and Phillips, R.J., 2002, Geologic setting and origin of Meridiani Planum hematite deposit on Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, p. 5088, doi:10.1029/2002JE001891.
35. Hynek, B.M., Phillips, R.J., and Arvidson, R.E., 2003, Explosive volcanism in the Tharsis region: Global evidence in the Martian geologic record: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, p. 5111, doi:10.1029/ 2003JE002062.
36. Irwin, R.P., Howard, A.D., and Maxwell, T.A., 2004, Geomorphology of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars, and associated paleolake basins: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, E12009, doi:10.1029/2004JE002287.
37. Johansen, T.E.S., Fossen, H., and Kluge, R., 2005, The impact of syn-faulting porosity on damage zone architecture in porous sandstone: An outcrop example from the Moab fault, Utah: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 27, p. 1469-1485, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.01.014.
38. Kenkmann, T., 2003, Dike formation, cataclastic flow, and rock fluidization during impact cratering: An example from the Upheaval Dome structure, Utah: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 214, p. 43-58.
39. Kriens, B., Shoemaker, E., and Herkenhoff, K., 1999, Geology of the Upheaval Dome impact structure, southeast Utah: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 18,867-18,887.
40. Lucchitta, B.K., McEwen, A.S., Clow, G.D., Geissler, P.E., Singer, R.B., Schultz, R.A., and Squyres, S.W., 1992, The canyon system on Mars, in Kieffer, H.H., et al., eds., Mars: Tucson, University of Arizona Press, p. 423-492.
41. Malin, M.C., and Edgett, K.S., 2000, Sedimentary rocks of early Mars: Science, v. 290, p. 1927-1937, doi:10.1126/science.290.5498.1927.
42. Malin, M.C., and Edgett, K.S., 2001, Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera: Interplanetary cruise through primary mission: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, p. 23,429-23,570.
43. Malin, M.C., and Edgett, K.S., 2003, Evidence for persistent flow and aqueous sedimentation on early Mars: Science, v. 302, p. 1931-1934.
44. McLennan, S.M., and Grotzinger, J.P., 2008, The sedimentary rock cycle of Mars, in Bell, J.F., ed., The Martian Surface: Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties: New York, Cambridge University Press, p. 541-577.
45. McLennan, S.M., et al., 2005, Provenance and diagenesis of the evaporite-bearing Burns Formation, Meridiani Planum: Mars: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 240, p. 95-121, doi:10.1016/ j.epsl.2005.09.041.
46. Mollema, P.N., and Antonellini, M.A., 1996, Compaction bands: A structural analog for anti-mode I cracks in aeolian sandstone: Tectonophysics, v. 267, p. 209-228, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00098-4.
47. Murchie, S., Kirkland, L., Erard, S., Mustard, J., and Robinson, M., 2000, Near-infrared spectral variations of Martian surface materials from ISM imaging spectrometer data: Icarus, v. 147, p. 444-471.
48. Ogilvie, S.R., and Glover, P.W.J., 2001, The petrophysical properties of deformation bands in relation to their microstructure: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 193, p. 129-142, doi:10.1016/ S0012-821X(01)00492-7.
49. Okubo, C.H., and McEwen, A.S., 2007, Fracture controlled paleo-fluid flow in Candor Chasma, Mars: Science, v. 315, p. 983-985, doi:10.1126/ science.1136855.
50. Okubo, C.H., and Schultz, R.A., 2005, Evolution of cluster geometry and intensity in porous sandstone: Insight from strain energy density: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 162, p. 939-949, doi:10.1144/0016-764904-148.
51. Okubo, C.H., Lewis, K., McEwen, A.S., Kirk, R., and The HiRISE Team, 2007a, High-resolution structural mapping in southwest Candor Chasma: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 88, abstract P23D-06.
52. Okubo, C.H., Schultz, R.A., Polit, A.T., McEwen, A.S., and The HiRISE Team, 2007b, Displacement-length scaling of joints in layered deposits, southwest Candor Chasma: Houston, Lunar and Planetary institute, 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract 1225.
53. Ori, G.G., Marinangeli, L., and Komatsu, G., 2000, Gas (methane)-related features on the surface of Mars and subsurface reservoirs: Houston, Lunar and Planetary institute, 31st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract 1550.
54. Ormö, J., Komatsu, G., Chan, M.A., Beitler, B., and Parry, W.T., 2004, Geological features indicative of processes related to the hematite formation in Meridiani Planum and Aram Chaos, Mars: A comparison with diagenetic hematite deposits in southern Utah, USA: Icarus, v. 171, p. 295-316, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.001.
55. Parry, W.T., Chan, M.A., and Beitler, B., 2004, Chemical bleaching indicates episodes of fluid flow in deformation bands in sandstone: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 88, p. 175-191, doi:10.1306/09090303034.
56. Quantin, C., Allemand, P., Mangold, N., Dromart, G., and Delacourt, C., 2005, Fluvial and lacustrine activity on layered deposits in Melas Chasma, Valles Marineris: Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, E12S19, doi:10.1029/2005JE002440.
57. Schultz, P.H., and Lutz, A.B., 1988, Polar wandering of Mars: Icarus, v. 73, p. 91-141.
58. Schultz, R.A., and Balasko, C.M., 2003, Growth of deformation bands into echelon and ladder geometries: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, p. 2033, doi:10.1029/2002GL018449.
59. Schultz, R.A., and Fossen, H., 2008, Terminology for structural discontinuities: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 92, p. 853-867, doi:10.1306/02200807065.
60. Schultz, R.A., and Siddharthan, R., 2005, A general framework for the occurrence and faulting of deformation bands in porous granular rocks: Tectonophysics, v. 411, p. 1-18, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2005.07.008.
61. Schultz, R.A., Okubo, C.H., and Wilkins, S.J., 2006, Displacement-length scaling relations for faults on the terrestrial planets: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 28, p. 2182-2193, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.03.034.
62. Scott, D.H., and Tanaka, K.L., 1982, Ignimbrites of Amazonis Planitia region of Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 1179-1190.
63. Scott, D.H., and Tanaka, K.L., 1986, Geologic Map of the Western Equatorial Region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series Map I-1802-A, scale 1:15,000,000, 1 sheet.
64. Shipton, Z.K., Evans, J.P., and Thompson, L.B., 2005, The geometry and thickness of deformation band fault core, and its influence on sealing characteristics of deformation band fault zones, in Sorkhabi, R., and Tusuji, Y., eds., Faults, Fluid Flow and Petroleum Traps: American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Memoir 85, p. 181-195.
65. Squyres, S.W., Knoll, A.H., Arvidson, R.E., Clark, B.C., Grotzinger, J.P., Jolliff, B.L., McLennan, S.M., Tosca, N., Bell III, J.F., Calvin, W.M., Farrand, W.H., Glotch, T.D., Golombek, M.P., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhöfer, G., McSween, H.Y., and Yen, A.S., 2006, Two years at Meridiani Planum: Results from the Opportunity rover: Science, v. 313, p. 1403-1407, doi:10.1126/science.1130890.
66. Sternlof, K.R., Rudnicki, J.W., and Pollard, D.D., 2005, Anticrack inclusion model for compaction bands in sandstone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, p. B11403, doi:10.1029/2005JB003764.
67. Tanaka, K.L., 2000, Dust and ice deposition in the Martian geologic record: Icarus, v. 144, p. 254-266.
68. Tanaka, K.L., Golombek, M.P., and Banerdt, W.B., 1991, Reconciliation of stress and structural histories of the Tharsis region of Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, p. 15,617-15,633.
69. Taylor, W.L., and Pollard, D.D., 2000, Estimation of in situ permeability of deformation bands in porous sandstone, Valley of Fire, Nevada: Water Resources Research, v. 36, p. 2595-2606, doi:10.1029/ 2000WR900120.
70. Tosca, N.J., McLennan, S.M., Dyar, M.D., Sklute, E.C., and Michel, F.M., 2008, Fe oxidation processes at Meridiani Planum and implications for secondary Fe mineralogy on Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, p. E05005, doi:10.1029/2007JE003019.
71. Treiman, A.H., 2007, Ancient groundwater flow in the Valles marineris on Mars inferred from fault trace ridges: Nature Geoscience, v. 1, 181-183, doi:10.1038/ngeo131.
72. Watters, T.R., 1993, Compressional tectonism on Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, p. 17,049-17,060.
73. Witbeck, N.E., Tanaka, K.L., and Scott, D.H., 1991, Geologic Map of the Valles Marineris Region, Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series Map I-2010, scale 1:2,000,000, 1 sheet.
74. Wong, T-f., David, C., and Zhu, W., 1997, The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow in porous sandstones: Mechanical deformation: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, p. 3009-3025, doi:10.1029/96JB03281.