America's failed North Korea nuclear policy: A new approach

Asian Perspective

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 9-27

  Moore, Gregory J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Multilateral security East Asia; North Korea; Nuclear weapons; U.S. foreign policy in East Asia

Indexed keywords

EID: 67249111675     PISSN: 02589184     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. See Dafna Linzer, "U.S. Misled Allies about Nuclear Export: North Korea Sent Material to Pakistan, not Libya," Washington Post, March 20, 2005.
2. Seymour M. Hersh, "A Strike in the Dark," The New Yorker, February 11, 2008, p. 58.
3. Christina Y. Lin, "The King from the East: DPRK-Syria-Iran Nuclear Nexus and Strategic Implications for Israel and the ROK," Academic Papers Series, vol. 3, No. 7 (Korea Economic Institute, October, 2008).
4. James Kelly, "Dealing with North Korea's Nuclear Programs," Statement to the Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Senate (Washington, D.C., July 15, 2004).
5. Lin, "The King from the East," p. 2.
6. James Forsyth and Doublas Davis, "We Came so Close to World War Three that Day," Spectator (UK), October 3, 2007
7. Hersh, "A Strike in the Dark."
8. See Linzer, "U.S. Misled Allies about Nuclear Export."
9. Lin, "The King from the East," p. 2, citing Glenn Kessler, "Bhutto Dealt Nuclear Secrets to N. Korea, Book Says," Washington Post, June 1, 2008.
10. Economist Foreign Report, "An Israeli Lesson for North Korea?" April 22, 1993, p. 2; as cited by Lin, "The King from the East.
11. Lin ("The King from the East") cites the following sources for this information: Douglas Frantz, "Iran Closes in on Ability to Build a Nuclear Bomb," Los Angeles Times, August 4, 2003
12. "Military Source: DPRK, Iran Planning Joint Development of Nuclear Warheads," Sankei Shimbun (Tokyo), August 6, 2003
13. "Iranian Nuke Experts Visited N. Korea This Year," Kyodo World Service (June 10, 2003).
14. George W. Bush, "The President's National Security Strategy" (March 16, 2006), www.state.gov/documents/organization/63319.pdf.
15. Interviews, Washington, 2002
16. For examples, see James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans: the History of Bush's War Cabinet (New York: Penguin, 2004)
17. Bob Woodward, Bush at War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003)
18. These comments are based upon various reports, but the Iraq example comes explicitly from the author's attendance at a 2004 panel on the Iraq war at the American Political Science Association's annual meeting in Chicago with a number of participants who were among America's best-known Iraq experts and Iraq consultants in the run-up to the war. One after another, they recounted how they had been invited to policy brainstorming sessions chaired by Bush administration officials in 2002. Once their misgivings about the war became apparent, they were effectively excluded from future such meetings.
19. Pritchard documents these divisions well in Charles L. Pritchard, Failed Diplomacy: The Tragic Story of How North Korea Got the Bomb (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2007).
20. Ibid., p. 161.
21. See China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, "The Security Mechanism of Northeast Asia: Reality and Prospect," Xiandai guoji guanxi (Contemporary International Relations), No. 8 (2002)
22. D. Li, "The Relations in Northeast Asia: Conflict and Cooperation," Institute of World Economics and Politics (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2006), at www.iwep.org.cn/english/index-2.htm
23. Chu Shulong, "Beyond Crisis Management: Prospects for a Northeast Asian Security Architecture," Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific, Canada (2008), at www.cscap.ca/Chu%20Executive%20Summary.pdf.
24. For example, Pritchard (Failed Diplomacy), U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, the U.S. Department of State's Christopher Hill, and even President-elect Barack Obama have all argued for such a framework.
25. From Australia, see Peter Van Ness, "The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Four-Plus-Two-An Idea Whose Time has Come," in Mel Gurtov and Peter Van Ness, eds., Confronting the Bush Doctrine: Critical Views from the Asia-Pacific (New York: Routledge, 2005). From South Korea, see Keunsik Kim, "The Prospects for Institutionalizing the Six Party Talks," Policy Forum Online, Nautilus Institute, July 12, 2007, at www.nautilus.org/fora/security/07051Kim.html.
26. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office listing for Korea, DPRK (accessed November 23, 2008 via www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/asia-oceania/north-korea?profile=all).
27. Gregory J. Moore, "How North Korea Threatens China's Interests: Understanding Chinese 'Duplicity' on the North Korean Nuclear Issue," International Relations of the Asia-Pacific (January, 2008).
28. See Pritchard, Failed Diplomacy, pp. 58-59 and Siegfried Hecker, "Report on North Korean Nuclear Program," Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University (November 15, 2006), at http://cisac.stanford.edu/publications/report_on_north_korean_nuclear_program/.
29. Bush, George W. "The President's National Security Strategy," March 16, 2006. Online at www.state.gov/documents/organization/63319.pdf.
30. China Institute of Contemporary International Relations. "The Security Mechanism of Northeast Asia: Reality and Prospect," Xiandai guoji guanxi (Contemporary International Relations), No. 8 (Beijing, 2002).
31. Chu Shulong. "Beyond Crisis Management: Prospects for a North-east Asian Security Architecture," Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific, Canada (2008). Online at www.cscap.ca/Chu%20Executive%20Summary.pdf.
32. Forsyth, James and Douglas Davis. "We Came so Close to World War Three that Day," Spectator (UK), October 3, 2007.
33. Hecker, Siegfried. "Report on North Korean Nuclear Program." Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University (November 15. 2006). Online at http://cisac.stanford.edu/publications/report_on_north_korean_nuclear_program/.
34. Hersh, Seymour M. "A Strike in the Dark," The New Yorker, February 11, 2008.
35. Kelly, James. "Dealing with North Korea's Nuclear Programs," Statement to the Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Senate (Washington, D.C., July 15, 2004).
36. Kim, Keun-sik. "The Prospects for Institutionalizing the Six Party Talks," Policy Forum Online, Nautilus Institute (July 12, 2007). Online at www.nautilus.org/fora/security/07051Kim.html.
37. Li, D. "The Relations in Northeast Asia: Conflict and Cooperation," Institute of World Economics and Politics (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2006). Online at www.iwep.org.cn/english/index-2.htm.
38. Lin, Christina Y. "The King from the East: DPRK-Syria-Iran Nuclear Nexus and Strategic Implications for Israel and the ROK," Academic Papers Series, vol. 3, No. 7 (Korea Economic Institute, October, 2008).
39. Mann, James. Rise of the Vulcans: the History of Bush's War Cabinet. New York: Penguin, 2004.
40. Moore, Gregory J. "How North Korea Threatens China's Interests: Understanding Chinese 'Duplicity' on the North Korean Nuclear Issue," International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, January 2008.
41. Pritchard, Charles L. Failed Diplomacy: The Tragic Story of How North Korea Got the Bomb. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2007.
42. Van Ness, Peter. "The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Four-Plus-Two-An Idea Whose Time has Come," in Mel Gurtov and P. Van Ness, eds., Confronting the Bush Doctrine: Critical Views from the Asia-Pacific. New York: Routledge, 2005.
43. Woodward, Bob. Bush at War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.