Reproductive development and seed ripening in Betula papyrifera along an altitudinal thermal gradient in eastern Appalachia (Canada)

Botany

Volumn 87, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 492-500

  Grenier, Marianne ^a   Sirois, Luc ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI   (Canada)

Author keywords

Betula papyrifera; Germination; Reproductive development; Thermal sum; Variety

Indexed keywords

BOREAL FOREST; DECIDUOUS TREE; GERMINATION; GROWING SEASON; MOUNTAIN REGION; REPRODUCTION; RIPENING; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT;

APPALACHIANS; NORTH AMERICA;

BETULA PAPYRIFERA; GYMNOSPERMAE; MAGNOLIOPHYTA;

EID: 67249089551     PISSN: 19162804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/B09-018     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Almqvist, C., Bergsten, U., Bondesson, L., and Eriksson, U. 1998. Predicting germination capacity of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seeds using temperature data from weather stations. Can. J. For. Res. 28(10): 1530-1535. doi:10.1139/cjfr-28-10-1530.
2. Benowicz, A., Guy, R., Carlson, M.R., and El-Kassaby, Y.A. 2001. Genetic variation among paper birch (Betula papyrifera MARSH.) populations in germination, frost hardiness, gas exchange and growth. Silvae Genet. 50(1): 7-13.
3. Benson, M. 1894. Contributions to the embryology of the Amentiferae. Part I. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 2nd Ser. Botany, 3: 409- 424.
4. Bevington, J. 1986. Geographic differences in the seed germination of paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Am. J. Bot. 73(4): 564-573. doi:10.2307/2444262.
5. Bevington, J.M., and Hoyle, M.C. 1981. Phytochrome action during prechilling induced germination of Betula papyrifera Marsh. Plant Physiol. 67(4): 705-710. doi:10.1104/pp.67.4.705. PMID:16661740.
6. Brittain, W.H., and Grant, W.F. 1965. Observations on Canadian birch (Betula) collections at the Morgan Arboretum. II. B. Papyrifera var. cordifolia. Can. Field Nat. 79: 253-257.
7. Brown, R.F. 1987. Germination of Aristida armata under constant and alternating temperatures and its analysis with the cumulative Weibull distribution as a model. Aust. J. Bot. 35: 581-591 . doi:10.1071/ BT9870581.
8. Brown, R.F., and Mayer, D.G. 1988. Representing cumulative germination. 2. The use of the Weibull function and other empirically derived curves. Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 61: 127-138.
9. Dahl, A.E., and Fredrikson, M. 1996. The timetable for development of maternal tissues sets the stage for male genomic selection in Betula pendula (Betulaceae). Am. J. Bot. 83(7): 895- 902. doi:10.2307/2446267.
10. eFloras. 2006a. Map: Betula cordifolia. [Online]. Available from efloras.org/object-page.aspx?object-id = 5738&flora-id . 1. [Accessed November 2006]. eFloras. 2006b. Map: Betula papyrifera. [Online]. Available from efloras.org/object-page.aspx?object-id = 5753&flora-id . 1. [Accessed November 2006].
11. Environnement Canada. 2006. Normales climatiques au Canada 1971-2000. [Online]. Available fromclimate.weatheroffice.ec. gc.ca/climate-normals/results- f.html?Province= ALL&StationName=Mont-Joli&SearchType= BeginsWith&LocateBy=Province&Proximity= 25&ProximityFrom= City&StationNumber=&IDType= MSC&CityName=&ParkName= &LatitudeDegrees= &LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees= &LongitudeMinutes =&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId= 5814&&autofwd . 1. [Accessed July 2006].
12. Farmer, R.E.J. (Editor). 1997. How to evaluate germination. In Seed ecophysiology of temperate and boreal zone forest trees. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Fla. pp. 81-87.
13. Farrar, J.L. 1996. Les arbres du Canada. Fides, Saint-Laurent, Que. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1997. Flora of North America. North of Mexico. Vol. 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
14. Henttonen, H., Kanninen, M., Nygren, M., and Ojansuu, R. 1986. The maturation of Pinus sylvestris seeds in relation to temperature climate in northern Finland. Scand. J. For. Res. 1(1-4): 243-249. doi:10.1080/02827588609382415.
15. International Seed Testing Association. 1999. International rules for seed testing: rule. 1999. Seed Science and Technology, Vol. 27 (supplement).
16. Johansen, D.A. 1940. Plant microtechnique. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.
17. Maheshwari, P. (Editor). 1950a. Chapte. 4. The female gametophyte. In An introduction to the embryology of angiosperms. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y. pp. 84-180.
18. Maheshwari, P. (Editor). 1950b. Chapte. 7. The endosperm. In An introduction to the embryology of angiosperms. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y. pp. 221-267.
19. Meunier, C., Sirois, L., and Be'gin, Y. 2007. Climate and Picea mariana seed maturation relationship: a multi-scale perspective. Ecol. Monogr. 77(3): 361-376. doi:10.1890/06-1543.1.
20. Owens, J.N., and Blake, M.D. 1986. Production de semences forestié res: revue bibliographique et suggestions de recherche. Rapport d'information PI-X-53. Institut Forestier National de Petawawa. Service Canadien des Forêts, Chalk River, Ont.
21. Patterson, C.F., and Bruce, A.C. 1931. Rapid methods of determining the percentages of fertility and sterility in seeds of the genus Betula. Sci. Agr. (Ottawa), 11: 704-708.
22. Plait, A. 1962. The Weibull distribution - with tables. Industrial Quality Control, 19: 17-26.
23. Reiser, L., and Fischer, R.L. 1993. The ovule and the embryo sac. Plant Cell, 5(10): 1291-1301. doi:10.1105/tpc.5.10.1291. PMID:12271029.
24. Robitaille, A., and Saucier, J.P. 1998. Paysages re'gionaux du Que'- bec me'ridional. Publications du Que'bec, Sainte-Foy, Que.
25. Ruel, J.J., and Ayres, M.P. 1996. Variation in temperature responses among populations of Betula papyrifera. Silva Fenn. 30(2-3): 145-158.
26. Ruzin, S.E. 1999. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
27. Sarvas, R. 1967. Climatological control of flowering in trees. In Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the International Union of
28. Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). 4-9 Septembe. 1967. München, Austria. IUFRO, Munich, Austria. pp. 15-30.
29. Sirois, L. 2000. Spatiotemporal variation in black spruce cone and seed crops along a boreal forest - tree line transect. Can. J. For. Res. 30(6): 900-909 . doi:10.1139/cjfr-30-6-900.
30. Sirois, L., Begin, Y., and Parent, J. 1999. Female gametophyte and embryo development of black spruce along a shore-hinterland climatic gradient of a recently created reservoir, northern Quebec. Can. J. Bot. 77(1): 61-69. doi:10.1139/cjb-77-1-61.
31. Sogo, A., and Tobe, H. 2005. Intermittent pollen-tube growth in pistils of alders (Alnus). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102(24): 8770-8775 . doi:10.1073/pnas.0503081102. PMID:15932945.
32. Sogo, A., and Tobe, H. 2006. Mode of pollen-tube growth in pistils of Myrica rubra (Myricaceae): a comparison with related families. Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 97(1): 71-77. doi:10.1093/aob/ mcj015. PMID:16291781.
33. Tremblay, M.F., Mauffette, Y., and Bergeron, Y. 1996. Germination responses of northern Red Maple (Acer rubrum) populations. For. Sci. 42(2): 154-159.
34. Trudgill, D.L., Honek, A., Li, D., and van Straalen, N.M. 2005. Thermal time - concepts and utility. Ann. Appl. Biol. 146(1): 1-14. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2005.04088.x.
35. Zasada, J.C. 1988. Embryo growth in Alaskan white spruce seeds. Can. J. For. Res. 18(1): 64-67 . doi:10.1139/x88-010.