메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 191-198

A systematic review of the nasal index and the significance of the shape and size of the nose in rhinology

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; ESTHETIC SURGERY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; NOSE; NOSE DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PLASTIC SURGERY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW;

EID: 66949146925     PISSN: 17494478     EISSN: 17494486     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01905.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (50)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 8744291895 scopus 로고
    • Man's nasal index in relation to certain climatic conditions
    • Thomson A. Dudley Buxton L. (1923) Man's nasal index in relation to certain climatic conditions. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. GB Irel. 53, 99 122
    • (1923) J. R. Anthropol. Inst. GB Irel. , vol.53 , pp. 99-122
    • Thomson, A.1    Dudley Buxton, L.2
  • 2
    • 8744311566 scopus 로고
    • A re-survey of the morphology of the nose in relation to climate
    • Davies A. (1932) A re-survey of the morphology of the nose in relation to climate. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. GB Irel. 62, 337 359
    • (1932) J. R. Anthropol. Inst. GB Irel. , vol.62 , pp. 337-359
    • Davies, A.1
  • 5
    • 0026021894 scopus 로고
    • Dimensions and resistance of the human nose: Racial differences
    • Ohki M., Naito K. Cole P. (1991) Dimensions and resistance of the human nose: racial differences. Laryngoscope 101, 276 278
    • (1991) Laryngoscope , vol.101 , pp. 276-278
    • Ohki, M.1    Naito, K.2    Cole, P.3
  • 6
    • 24644477425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups/races
    • DOI 10.1097/01.scs.0000171847.58031.9e
    • Farkas L.G., Katic M.J. Forrest C.R. (2005) International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups- races. J. Craniofac. Surg. 16, 615 646 (Pubitemid 41271248)
    • (2005) Journal of Craniofacial Surgery , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 615-646
    • Farkas, L.G.1    Katic, M.J.2    Forrest, C.R.3
  • 7
    • 33747792377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photographic analysis of faces of 20-year-old students in Iran
    • DOI 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.07.029, PII S0266435605002548
    • Fariaby J., Hossini A. Saffari E. (2006) Photographic analysis of faces of 20-year-old students in Iran. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 44, 393 396 (Pubitemid 44275973)
    • (2006) British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 393-396
    • Fariaby, J.1    Hossini, A.2    Saffari, E.3
  • 9
    • 0034105763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional laser scan assessment of the Oriental nose with a new classification of Oriental nasal types
    • DOI 10.1054/bjps.1999.3229
    • Aung S.C., Foo C.L. Lee T.S. (2000) Three dimensional laser scan assessment of the Oriental nose with a new classification of Oriental nasal types. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 53, 109 116 (Pubitemid 30166852)
    • (2000) British Journal of Plastic Surgery , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-116
    • Aung, S.C.1    Foo, C.L.2    Lee, S.T.3
  • 10
    • 9344269447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of aesthetic proportions between the Oriental and Caucasian nose
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00891.x
    • Leong S.C. White P.S. (2004) A comparison of aesthetic proportions between the Oriental and Caucasian nose. Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci. 29, 672 676 (Pubitemid 39556999)
    • (2004) Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 672-676
    • Leong, S.C.L.1    White, P.S.2
  • 11
    • 3042803501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The average African American male face
    • Porter J.P. (2004) The average African American male face. Arch. Facial Plast. Surg. 6, 78 81
    • (2004) Arch. Facial Plast. Surg. , vol.6 , pp. 78-81
    • Porter, J.P.1
  • 12
    • 0037314418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the African American female nose
    • DOI 10.1097/01.PRS.0000042176.18118.99
    • Porter J.P. Olson K.L. (2003) Analysis of the African American female nose. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 111, 620 626 (Pubitemid 36182300)
    • (2003) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , vol.111 , Issue.2 , pp. 620-626
    • Porter, J.P.1    Olson, K.L.2
  • 13
    • 66949142618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasal indices among major ethnic groups in southern Nigeria
    • Oladipo G.S., Olabiyi A.O., Oremosu A.A. et al. (2007) Nasal indices among major ethnic groups in southern Nigeria. Sci. Res. Essays. 2, 20 22
    • (2007) Sci. Res. Essays. , vol.2 , pp. 20-22
    • Oladipo, G.S.1    Olabiyi, A.O.2    Oremosu, A.A.3
  • 14
    • 33644502223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The average values of the nasal anthropometric measurements in 108 young Turkish males
    • DOI 10.1016/j.anl.2005.05.004, PII S0385814605000763
    • Uzun A., Akbas H., Bilgic S. et al. (2006) The average value of the nasal anthropometric measurements in 108 young Turkish males. Auris. Nasus. Larynx. 33, 31 35 (Pubitemid 43295671)
    • (2006) Auris Nasus Larynx , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-35
    • Uzun, A.1    Akbas, H.2    Bilgic, S.3    Emirzeoglu, M.4    Bostanci, O.5    Sahin, B.6    Bek, Y.7
  • 15
    • 34249866877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial soft-tissue analysis of Korean adults with normal occlusion using a 3-dimensional laser scanner
    • Baik H.S., Jeon J.N. Lee H.J. (2007) Facial soft-tissue analysis of Korean adults with normal occlusion using a 3-dimensional laser scanner. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 131, 759 766
    • (2007) Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. , vol.131 , pp. 759-766
    • Baik, H.S.1    Jeon, J.N.2    Lee, H.J.3
  • 16
    • 0025248586 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and study of the nose and face and their correlations in the young adult of Han nationality
    • Zhang X.T., Wang S.K., Zhang W. et al. (1990) Measurement and study of the nose and face and their correlations in the young adult of Han nationality. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 85, 532 536 (Pubitemid 20136878)
    • (1990) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 532-536
    • Zhang, X.1    Wang, S.2    Zhang, W.3    Wang, X.4
  • 17
    • 0028833768 scopus 로고
    • The African - American nose: Part II
    • Ofodile F.A. Bokhari F. (1995) The African - American nose: Part II. Ann. Plast. Surg. 34, 123 129
    • (1995) Ann. Plast. Surg. , vol.34 , pp. 123-129
    • Ofodile, F.A.1    Bokhari, F.2
  • 18
    • 0141485275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Considerations in ethnic rhinoplasty
    • DOI 10.1055/s-2003-43159
    • Nolst Trenité G.J. (2003) Considerations in ethnic rhinoplasty. Facial Plast. Surg. 19, 239 245 (Pubitemid 37175155)
    • (2003) Facial Plastic Surgery , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-245
    • Nolst Trenite, G.J.1
  • 20
    • 0141485274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mestizo rhinoplasty
    • DOI 10.1055/s-2003-43161
    • Cobo R. (2003) Mestizo rhinoplasty. Facial Plast. Surg. 19, 257 268 (Pubitemid 37175157)
    • (2003) Facial Plastic Surgery , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-268
    • Cobo, R.1
  • 21
    • 0038110816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hispanic rhinoplasty in the United States, with emphasis on the Mexican American nose
    • Daniel R.K. (2003) Hispanic rhinoplasty in the United States, with emphasis on the Mexican American nose. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 112, 244 256 (Pubitemid 36793401)
    • (2003) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 244-256
    • Daniel, R.K.1
  • 22
    • 0036842661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aesthetics and the hispanic rhinoplasty
    • Leach J. (2002) Aesthetics and the Hispanic rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope 112, 1903 1916 (Pubitemid 35283447)
    • (2002) Laryngoscope , vol.112 , Issue.11 , pp. 1903-1916
    • Leach, J.1
  • 23
    • 0141695439 scopus 로고
    • Update on the Negroid nose: An anatomic and anthropometric analysis
    • In. Ward, P.H. Berman, W.E. eds). pp. 532-536. Mosby-Year Book. St Louis, MO
    • Baker H.L. Krause C.J. (1984) Update on the Negroid nose: an anatomic and anthropometric analysis. In Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery of the Head and Neck, Ward P.H. Berman W.E. (eds), pp. 532-536. Mosby-Year Book, St Louis, MO
    • (1984) Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery of the Head and Neck
    • Baker, H.L.1    Krause, C.J.2
  • 24
    • 0037385464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometry of nasal bases and nostrils in Koreans
    • DOI 10.1016/S0940-9602(03)80088-2
    • Hwang T.-S. Kang H.-S. (2003) Morphology of nasal bases and nostrils in Koreans. Ann. Anat. 185, 189 193 (Pubitemid 36432503)
    • (2003) Annals of Anatomy , vol.185 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-193
    • Hwang, T.-S.1    Kang, H.-S.2
  • 26
    • 33645056951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of aesthetic proportions between the healthy Caucasian nose and the aesthetic ideal
    • Leong S.C. White P.S. (2006) A comparison of aesthetic proportions between the healthy Caucasian nose and the aesthetic ideal. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. 59, 248 252
    • (2006) J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. , vol.59 , pp. 248-252
    • Leong, S.C.1    White, P.S.2
  • 27
    • 33847586657 scopus 로고
    • Man's nasal index in relation to climate
    • Davies A. (1932) Man's nasal index in relation to climate. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. GB Irel. 29, 8 14
    • (1932) J. R. Anthropol. Inst. GB Irel. , vol.29 , pp. 8-14
    • Davies, A.1
  • 28
    • 38449119643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in human genetic diversity: Demographic history and adaptation
    • Balaresque P.L., Ballereau S.J. Jobling M.A. (2007) Challenges in human genetic diversity: demographic history and adaptation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16, R134 R139
    • (2007) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.16
    • Balaresque, P.L.1    Ballereau, S.J.2    Jobling, M.A.3
  • 29
  • 31
  • 33
    • 20144386296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetics of nose and mouth breathing, body size, body composition, and nose volume in young adult males and females
    • DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20122
    • Hall R.L. (2005) Energetics of nose and mouth breathing, body size, body composition, and nose volume in young adult males and females. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17, 321 330 (Pubitemid 40775314)
    • (2005) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 321-330
    • Hall, R.L.1
  • 34
    • 37349106111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and evolution: Disentangling environmental and genetic responses
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03413.x
    • Gienapp P., Teplitsky C., Alho J.S. et al. (2008) Climate change and evolution: disentangling environmental and genetic responses. Mol. Ecol. 17, 167 178 (Pubitemid 350292455)
    • (2008) Molecular Ecology , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-178
    • Gienapp, P.1    Teplitsky, C.2    Alho, J.S.3    Mills, J.A.4    Merila, J.5
  • 35
    • 58149486657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecogeographic variation in human nasal passages
    • Yokley T.R. (2008) Ecogeographic variation in human nasal passages. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 138, 11 22
    • (2008) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.138 , pp. 11-22
    • Yokley, T.R.1
  • 37
  • 39
    • 66949162741 scopus 로고
    • The structure and function of the nasal vestibule
    • In. The collected writings of Maurice H Cottle MD. Barelli, P.A. Loch, W.E.E. Kern, E.B. Steiner, A. eds), pp. American Rhinologic Society. Philadelphia, PA
    • Cottle M.H. (1987) The structure and function of the nasal vestibule. In Rhinology. The collected writings of Maurice H Cottle MD, Barelli P.A., Loch W.E.E., Kern E.B. Steiner A. (eds), pp. 74 86, American Rhinologic Society, Philadelphia, PA
    • (1987) Rhinology. , pp. 74-86
    • Cottle, M.H.1
  • 41
    • 0036656135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between the minimal cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity and body surface area: Preliminary results in normal patients
    • Jurlina M., Mladina R., Dawidowsky K. et al. (2002) Correlation between the minimal cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity and body surface area: preliminary results in normal patients. Am. J. Rhinol. 16, 209 213 (Pubitemid 35049809)
    • (2002) American Journal of Rhinology , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 209-213
    • Jurlina, M.1    Mladina, R.2    Dawidowsky, K.3    Ivankovic, D.4    Bumber, Z.5    Subaric, M.6
  • 42
    • 0035169253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry in Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnic groups
    • Huang Z.L., Wang D.Y., Zhang P.C. et al. (2001) Evaluation of nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry in Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnic groups. Acta Otolaryngol. 121, 844 848
    • (2001) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.121 , pp. 844-848
    • Huang, Z.L.1    Wang, D.Y.2    Zhang, P.C.3
  • 43
    • 0034571213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the external nasal dilator on nasal minimal cross-sectional area in orientals as assessed by acoustic rhinometry
    • Ho W.K., Wei W.I., Yuen A.P. et al. (2000) Effect of the external nasal dilator on nasal minimal cross-sectional area in orientals as assessed by acoustic rhinometry. J. Otolaryngol. 29, 367 370
    • (2000) J. Otolaryngol. , vol.29 , pp. 367-370
    • Ho, W.K.1    Wei, W.I.2    Yuen, A.P.3
  • 44
    • 0025320864 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of acoustic rhinometry: Patients with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis compared with normal controls
    • Lenders H. Pirsig W. (1990) Diagnostic value of acoustic rhinometry: patients with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis compared with normal controls. Rhinology 28, 5 16 (Pubitemid 20112584)
    • (1990) Rhinology , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-16
    • Lenders, H.1    Pirsig, W.2
  • 45
    • 0029982886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic rhinometry of the Indian and Anglo-Saxon nose
    • Gurr P., Diver J., Morgan N. et al. (1996) Acoustic rhinometry of the Indian and Angle-Saxon nose. Rhinology 34, 156 159 (Pubitemid 26374001)
    • (1996) Rhinology , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 156-159
    • Gurr, P.1    Diver, J.2    Morgan, N.3    MacGregor, F.4    Lund, V.5
  • 46
    • 0025873073 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic rhinometry: Values from adults with subjective normal nasal patency
    • Grymer L.F., Hilberg O., Pederson O.F. et al. (1991) Acoustic rhinometry: values from adults with subjective normal nasal patency. Rhinology 29, 35 47
    • (1991) Rhinology , vol.29 , pp. 35-47
    • Grymer, L.F.1    Hilberg, O.2    Pederson, O.F.3
  • 47
    • 63449135294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of nasal volume and cross-sectional area by acoustic rhinometry in a sample of normal adult Iranians
    • Mohebbi A., Farhadi M. Erfan A. (2008) Assessment of nasal volume and cross-sectional area by acoustic rhinometry in a sample of normal adult Iranians. Arch. Iran. Med. 11, 555 558
    • (2008) Arch. Iran. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 555-558
    • Mohebbi, A.1    Farhadi, M.2    Erfan, A.3
  • 48
    • 0029613278 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in nasal fossa dimensions determined by acoustic rhinometry
    • Morgan N.J., MacGregor F.B., Birchall M.A. et al. (1995) Racial differences in nasal fossa dimensions determined by acousticrhinometry. Rhinology 33, 224 228 (Pubitemid 26053213)
    • (1995) Rhinology , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 224-228
    • Morgan, N.J.1    MacGregor, F.B.2    Birchall, M.A.3    Lund, V.J.4    Sittampalam, Y.5
  • 49
    • 0025679428 scopus 로고
    • Nasal resistance values in the adult Negroid Nigerian
    • Babatola F.D.O. (1990) Nasal resistance values in the adult Negroid Nigerian. Rhinology 28, 269 273
    • (1990) Rhinology , vol.28 , pp. 269-273
    • Babatola, F.D.O.1
  • 51
    • 0030640094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of nasal resistance in white caucasians and blacks
    • Canbay E.I. Bhatia S.N. (1997) A comparison of nasal resistance in white caucasians and blacks. Am. J. Rhinol. 11, 73 75 (Pubitemid 127773007)
    • (1997) American Journal of Rhinology , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-75
    • Canbay, E.I.1    Bhatia, S.N.2
  • 52
    • 0026518807 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of active anterior and posterior rhinomanometry in normal subjects
    • Shelton D.M. Eiser N.M. (1992) Evaluation of active anterior and posterior rhinomanometry in normal subjects. Clin. Otolaryngol. 17, 178 182
    • (1992) Clin. Otolaryngol. , vol.17 , pp. 178-182
    • Shelton, D.M.1    Eiser, N.M.2
  • 55
    • 0023543752 scopus 로고
    • Phase variation in nasal airways resistance assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry
    • Kenyon G.S. (1987) Phase variation in nasal airways resistance assessed by active anterior active rhinomanometry. J. Laryngol. Otol. 101, 910 916 (Pubitemid 18019101)
    • (1987) Journal of Laryngology and Otology , vol.101 , Issue.9 , pp. 910-916
    • Kenyon, G.S.1
  • 56
    • 24144449940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of race on fine particle deposition for oral and nasal breathing
    • DOI 10.1080/08958370500188984
    • Bennett W.D. Zeman K.L. (2005) Effect of race on fine particle deposition for oral and nasal breathing. Inhal. Toxicol. 17, 641 648 (Pubitemid 41233159)
    • (2005) Inhalation Toxicology , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 641-648
    • Bennett, W.D.1    Zeman, K.L.2
  • 57
    • 0022480584 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cigarette smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency
    • Stanley P.J., Wilson R., Greenstone M.A. et al. (1986) Effects of cigarette smoking on nasal muconciliary clearance and cliliary beat frequency. Thorax 41, 519 523 (Pubitemid 16070385)
    • (1986) Thorax , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 519-523
    • Stanley, P.J.1    Wilson, R.2    Greenstone, M.A.3
  • 59
    • 0027748429 scopus 로고
    • Nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus pH in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Sachdeva A., Sachdeva O.P., Gulati S.P. et al. (1993) Nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus pH in patients with diabetes mellitus. Indian J. Med. Res. 98, 265 268
    • (1993) Indian J. Med. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 265-268
    • Sachdeva, A.1    Sachdeva, O.P.2    Gulati, S.P.3
  • 61
    • 25144498640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomic risk factors for sinus disease: Fact or fiction?
    • Caughey R.J., Jameson M.J., Gross C.W. et al. (2005) Anatomic risk factors for sinus disease: fact or fiction? Am. J. Rhinol. 19, 334 343
    • (2005) Am. J. Rhinol. , vol.19 , pp. 334-343
    • Caughey, R.J.1    Jameson, M.J.2    Gross, C.W.3
  • 62
    • 0025810795 scopus 로고
    • CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations
    • Calhoun K.H., Waggenspack G.A. Simpson C.B. (1991) CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 104, 480 483
    • (1991) Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. , vol.104 , pp. 480-483
    • Calhoun, K.H.1    Waggenspack, G.A.2    Simpson, C.B.3
  • 63
    • 0032081829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between anatomic variations of nasal sinus and chronic sinusitis
    • Chinese
    • Liu X., Han D. Zhou B. (1998) Relationship between anatomic variations of nasal sinus and chronic sinusitis. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 33, 149 152. Chinese
    • (1998) Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi , vol.33 , pp. 149-152
    • Liu, X.1    Han, D.2    Zhou, B.3
  • 64
    • 33747658485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between anatomic variations of paranasal sinuses and chronic sinusitis in children
    • DOI 10.1080/00016480600606681, PII U515448420175612
    • Kim H.J., Jung Cho M., Lee J.W. et al. (2006) The relationship between anatomic variations of paranasal sinuses and chronic sinusitis in children. Acta Otolaryngol. 126, 1067 1072 (Pubitemid 44272832)
    • (2006) Acta Oto-Laryngologica , vol.126 , Issue.10 , pp. 1067-1072
    • Kim, H.J.1    Cho, M.J.2    Lee, J.-W.3    Kim, Y.T.4    Kahng, H.5    Kim, H.S.6    Hahm, K.-H.7
  • 65
    • 16644396329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of concha bullosa and its relationship to nasal septal deviation and paranasal sinus disease
    • Stallman J.S., Lobo J.N. Som P.M. (2004) The incidence of concha bullosa and its relationship to nasal septal deviation and paranasal sinus disease. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 25, 1613 1618 (Pubitemid 44383622)
    • (2004) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.25 , Issue.9 , pp. 1613-1618
    • Stallman, J.S.1    Lobo, J.N.2    Som, P.M.3
  • 66
    • 47549100355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses in Polynesian and New Zealand European computerised computer tomography scans
    • Keast A., Yelavich S., Dawes P. et al. (2008) Anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses in Polynesian and New Zealand European computerised computer tomography scans. Otolarnygol. Head Neck Surg. 139, 216 221
    • (2008) Otolarnygol. Head Neck Surg. , vol.139 , pp. 216-221
    • Keast, A.1    Yelavich, S.2    Dawes, P.3
  • 67
    • 25844459420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variation in sinonasal anatomy on CT-scanning
    • Badia L., Lund V.J., Wei W. et al. (2005) Ethnic variation in sinonasal anatomy on CT-scanning. Rhinology 43, 210 214 (Pubitemid 41387961)
    • (2005) Rhinology , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 210-214
    • Badia, L.1    Lund, V.J.2    Wei, W.3    Ho, W.K.4
  • 69
    • 0036734488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological comparison of nasal polyposis in black African, Chinese and Caucasian patients
    • Lacroix J.S., Zheng C.G., Goytom S.H. et al. (2000) Histological comparison of nasal polyposis in black African, Chinese and Caucasian patients. Rhinology 40, 118 121
    • (2000) Rhinology , vol.40 , pp. 118-121
    • Lacroix, J.S.1    Zheng, C.G.2    Goytom, S.H.3
  • 70
    • 33748990604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ethnicity on the frequency of nasal surgery
    • Chisholm E.J., Hajioff D. Kotecha B. (2006) Influence of ethnicity on the frequency of nasal surgery. Rhinology 44, 201 204 (Pubitemid 44445511)
    • (2006) Rhinology , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 201-204
    • Chisholm, E.J.1    Hajioff, D.2    Kotecha, B.3
  • 71
    • 0141708643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-Caucasian rhinoplasty
    • DOI 10.1055/s-2003-43160
    • Wang T.D. (2003) Non-Caucasian rhinoplasty. Facial Plast. Surg. 19, 247 255 (Pubitemid 37175156)
    • (2003) Facial Plastic Surgery , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-255
    • Wang, T.D.1
  • 73
    • 0035377016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Background considerations to facial aesthetics
    • Edler R.J. (2001) Background considerations to facial aesthetics. J. Orthod. 28, 159 168
    • (2001) J. Orthod. , vol.28 , pp. 159-168
    • Edler, R.J.1
  • 74
    • 0036365514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proportionality in Asian and North American Caucasian faces using neoclassical facial canons as criteria
    • DOI 10.1007/s00266-001-0033-7
    • Le T.T., Farkas L.G., Ngim R.C.K. et al. (2002) Proportionality in Asian and North American Caucasian faces using neoclassical facial canons as criteria. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 26, 64 69 (Pubitemid 36918845)
    • (2002) Aesthetic Plastic Surgery , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-69
    • Le, T.T.1    Farkas, L.G.2    Ngim, R.C.K.3    Levin, L.S.4    Forrest, C.R.5
  • 75
    • 0030739058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in horizontal, neoclassical facial canons in Chinese (Han) and North American Caucasian populations
    • DOI 10.1007/s002669900123
    • Dawei W., Guozheng Q., Mingli Z. et al. (1997) Differences in horizontal, neoclassical facial canons in Chinese (Han) and North American Caucasian populations. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 21, 265 269 (Pubitemid 27337429)
    • (1997) Aesthetic Plastic Surgery , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 265-269
    • Dawei, W.1    Guozheng, Q.2    Mingli, Z.3    Farkas, L.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.