Modulated infrared electroluminescence from organic light-emitting diodes

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 27, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1522-1526

  Zang, Faxin ^a   Sum, Tze Chien ^a   Zhu, Furong ^b   Hong, Zi Ruo ^c   Sun, Xiaoyan ^c   Li, Wen Lian ^c   Huan, Cheng Hon Alfred ^a  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^b INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING   (Singapore)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Modulated infrared electroluminescence; Organic light emitting devices; Rare earth complexes and recombination zone

Indexed keywords

DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS; FORWARD BIAS; INTENSITY RATIO; LAYER THICKNESS; MODULATED INFRARED ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES; RARE EARTH COMPLEX; RARE-EARTH COMPLEXES AND RECOMBINATION ZONE; ROOM TEMPERATURE;

CURRENT DENSITY; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ERBIUM; LIGHT; LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; MODULATION; NEODYMIUM; ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

LIGHT EMISSION;

EID: 66949118940     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2009.2013872     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. R. J. Curry and W. P. Gillin, "1.54 μm electroluminescence from erbium (III) tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (ErQ)-based organic light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 75, p. 1380, 1999.
2. H. Suzuki, "Infrared electroluminescence from an organic ionic dye containing no rare-earth ions," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 80, p. 3256, 2002.
3. N. Tessler, V. Medvedev, M. Kazes, S. Kan, and U. Banin, "Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes," Science vol. 295, p. 1506, 2002.
4. C. Borek, K. Hanson, P. I. Djurovich, M. E. Thompson, K. Aznavour, R. Bau, Y. Sun, S. R. Forrest, J. Brooks, L. Michalski, and J. Brown, "Highly efficient, near-infrared electrophosphorescence from a Pt-metalloporphyrin complex," Ange. Chem. Edit., vol. 46, p. 1109, 2007.
5. E. L. Williams, J. Li, and G. E. Jabbour, "Prediction of the thermal annealing of thick oxide metal-oxide-semiconductor dosimeters irradiated in a harsh radiation environment," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89, p. 083506, 2006.
6. Y. Kawamura, Y. Wada, Y. Hasegawa, M. Iwamuro, T. Kitamura, and S. Yanagida, "Observation of neodymium electroluminescence," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 74, p. 3245, 1999.
7. Z. R. Hong, C. J. Liang, R. G. Li, F. X. Zang, D. Fan, and W. L. Li, "Infrared and visible emission from organic electroluminescent devices based on praseodymium complex," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 79, p. 1942, 2001.
8. 3+ complex," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 78, p. 2122, 2001.
9. Y. Yang and Q. Pei, "Voltage controlled two color light-emitting electrochemical cells," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 68, p. 2708, 1996.
10. J. Kalinowski, P. Di Marco, M. Cocchi, V. Fattori, N. Camaioni, and J. Duff, "Voltage-tunable-color multilayer organic light emitting diode," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 68, p. 2317, 1996.
11. P. E. Burrows, S. R. Forrest, S. P. Sibley, and M. E. Thompson, "Colortunable organic light-emitting devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 69, p. 2959, 1996.
12. F. X. Zang, Z. R. Hong, W. L. Li, M. T. Li, and X. Y. Sun, "1.4 μm band electroluminescence from organic light-emitting diodes based on thulium complexes," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 84, p. 2679, 2004.
13. L. R. Melby, N. J. Rose, E. Abramson, and J. C. Caris, "Synthesis and fluorescence of some trivalent lanthanide complexes," J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 86, p. 5117, 1964.
14. J. Kalinowski, L. C. Palilis, W. H. Kim, and Z. H. Kafafi, "Determination of the width of the carrier recombination zone in organic light-emitting diodes," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 94, p. 7764, 2003.
15. P. W. M. Blom and M. J. M. De Jong, "Electrical characterization of polymer light-emitting diodes," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 4, p. 105, 1998.
16. T. S. Kang, B. S. Harrison, T. J. Foley, A. S. Knefely, J. M. Boncella, J. R. Reynolds, and K. S. Schanze, "Near-infrared electroluminescence from lanthanide tetraphenylporphyrin: Polystyrene blends," dv. Mater., vol. 15, p. 1093, 2003.
17. G. Scamarcio, F. Capasso, J. Faist, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, "Tunable interminiband infrared emission in superlattice electron transport," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 70, p. 1796, 1997.
18. F. X. Zang, O. Lengyel, W. Li, Z. R. Hong, Z. Liu, C. S. Lee, and S. T. Lee, "Electron mobility of rare earth complexes measured by transient electroluminescence method," Sol. Sta. Ele., vol. 50, p. 1584, 2006.