Ground-based passive microwave profiling during dynamic weather conditions

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1057-1073

  Knupp, Kevin R ^a   Ware, R ^b,c   Cimini, D ^d   Vandenberghe, F ^c   Vivekanandan, J ^c   Westwater, E ^e   Coleman, T ^a   Phillips, D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

^b Radiometrics Corporation   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^e UCB 450   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLD FRONT; GROUND BASED; HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND; HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; MESOSCALE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER PROFILERS; OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY; PASSIVE MICROWAVES; POTENTIAL BENEFITS; RAPID VARIATION; SQUALL LINES; THERMODYNAMIC PROFILES; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; WEATHER CONDITIONS; WEATHER PHENOMENA;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; METEOROLOGICAL PROBLEMS; MICROWAVE DEVICES; MICROWAVES; STORMS; THERMODYNAMICS; WATER VAPOR; WEATHER SATELLITES;

RADIOMETRY;

MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; PROFILER; RADIOMETER; RADIOSONDE; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; THERMODYNAMICS; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 66949112290     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JTECHA1150.1     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bernstein, B. C., F. McDonough, M. K. Politovich, B. G. Brown, T. P. Ratvasky, D. R. Miller, C. A. Wolff, and G. Cunning, 2005: Current icing potential: Algorithm description and comparison with aircraft observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 969-986.
2. Bianco, L., D. Cimini, F. S. Marzano, and R. Ware, 2005: Combining microwave radiometer and wind profiler radar measurements for high-resolution atmospheric humidity profiling. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 949-965.
3. Chahine, M. T., and Coauthors, 2006: AIRS: Improving weather forecasting and providing new data on greenhouse gases. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 911-926.
4. Cimini, D., T. Hewison, L. Martin, J. Gueldner, C. Gaffard, and F. Marzano, 2006: Temperature and humidity profile retrievals from ground-based microwave radiometers during TUC. Meteor. Z., 15, 45-56, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0099.
5. Clarke, R., R. Smith, and D. Reid, 1981: The Morning Glory of the Gulf of Carpentaria: An atmospheric undular bore. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1726-1750.
6. Colby, F. P., 1984: Convective inhibition as a predictor of convection during AVE-SESAME II. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 2239-2252.
7. Crook, N. A., 1996: Sensitivity of moist convection forced by boundary layer processes to low-level thermodynamic fields. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1767-1785.
8. Ducroqc, V., D. Ricard, J.-P. Lafore, and F. Orain, 2002: Stormscale numerical rainfall prediction for five precipitating events over France: On the importance of the initial humidity field. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 1236-1256.
9. Feltz, W. F., and J. R. Mecikalski, 2002: Monitoring high-temporal-resolution convective stability indices using the ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) during the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma Kansas tornado outbreak. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 445-455.
10. Feltz, W. F., W. L. Smith, H. B. Howell, R. O. Knuteson, H. Woolf, and H. E. Revercomb, 2003: Near-continuous profiling of temperature, moisture, and atmospheric stability using the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 584-597.
11. Gerber, H., G. Frick, and A. R. Rodi, 1999: Ground-based FSSP and PVM measurements of liquid water content. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1143-1149.
12. Gossard, E. E., S. Gutman, B. B. Stankov, and D. E. Wolf, 1999: Profiles of radio refractive index and humidity derived from radar wind profilers and the Global Position System. Radio Sci., 34, 371-383.
13. Güldner, J., and D. Spänkuch, 2001: Remote sensing of the thermodynamic state of the atmospheric boundary layer by ground-based microwave radiometry. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 925-933.
14. Haertel, P. T., and R. H. Johnson, 2000: The linear dynamics of squall line mesohighs and wake lows. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 93-107.
15. Han, Y., and E. R. Westwater, 1995: Remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water by integrated ground-based sensors. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 1050-1059.
16. Heppner, P. O., 1992: Snow versus rain: Looking beyond the "magic" numbers. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 683-691.
17. Herzegh, P. H., S. Landolt, and T. Schneider, 2003: The structure, evolution and cloud processes of a Colorado upslope storm as shown by profiling radiometer, radar and tower data. Proc. 31st Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 13.5. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/64469.pdf.]
18. Hogg, D. C., and Coauthors, 1983a: An automatic profiler of the temperature, wind and humidity in the troposphere. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 807-831.
19. Hogg, D. C., F. Guiraud, J. Snider, M. Decker, and E. Westwater, 1983b: A steerable dual-channel microwave radiometer for measurement of water vapor and liquid in the troposphere. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 789-806.
20. Ikeda, K., and R. Rasmussen, 2003: Radar observations of a freezing drizzle case in Colorado. Proc. 31st Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P5C.1. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/64788.pdf.]
21. Johnson, R. H., 2001: Surface mesohighs and mesolows. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 13-31.
22. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
23. Karan, H., 2007: Thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics of low-level convergence zones observed by the Mobile Integrated Profiling System. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 207 pp.
24. Karan H., and K. Knupp, 2006: Mobile Integrated Profiler System (MIPS) observations of low-level convergent boundaries during IHOP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 92-112.
25. Klaus, V., L. Bianco, C. Gaffard, M. Matabuena, and T. Hewison, 2006: Combining UHF radar wind profiler and microwave radiometer for the estimation of atmospheric humidity profiles. Meteor. Z., 15, 87-97.
26. Knupp, K., 2006: Observational analysis of a gust front to bore to solitary wave transition within an evolving nocturnal boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2016-2035.
27. Koch, S. E., 2001: Real-time detection of split fronts using mesoscale models and WSR-88D radar products. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 35-55.
28. Koch, S. E., P. B. Dorian, R. Ferrare, S. Melfi, W. C. Skillman, and D. Whiteman, 1991: Structure of an internal bore and dissipating gravity current as revealed by Raman lidar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 857-887.
29. Li, L., J. Vivekanandan, C. H. Chan, and L. Tsang, 1997: Microwave radiometric technique to retrieve vapor, liquid and ice. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35, 224-236.
30. Liljegren, J. C., B. M. Lesht, S. Kato, and E. Clothiaux, 2001: Initial evaluation of profiles of temperature, water vapor and cloud liquid water from a new microwave profiling radiometer. Proc. 11th Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 8.6.
31. Liljegren, J. C., S. A. Boukabara, K. Cady-Pereiria, and S. A. Clough, 2005: The effect of the half-width of the 22-GHz water vapor line on retrievals of temperature and water vapor profiles with a twelve-channel microwave radiometer. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43, 1102-1108.
32. Locatelli, J. D., R. D. Schwartz, M. T. Stoelinga, and P. V. Hobbs, 2002: Norwegian-type and cold front aloft-type cyclones east of the Rocky Mountains. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 66-82.
33. Loehrer, S. M., and R. H. Johnson, 1995: Surface pressure and precipitation life cycle characteristics of PRE-STORM mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 600-621.
34. Löhnert, U., S. Crewell, and C. Simmer, 2004: An integrated approach toward retrieving physically consistent profiles of temperature, humidity, and cloud liquid water. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 1295-1307.
35. Marzano, F., D. Cimini, and R. Ware, 2005: Monitoring of rainfall by ground-based passive microwave systems: Models, measurements and applications. Adv. Geosci., 2, 259-265.
36. Nehrkorn, T., and C. Grassotti, 2003: Mesoscale variational assimilation of profiling radiometer data. Proc. 20th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting/16th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.12. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/70025.pdf.]
37. Schroeder, J., and E. Westwater, 1991: User's guide to WPL microwave radiative transfer software. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL WPL-213, Silver Spring, MD, 84 pp.
38. Schultz, D. M., 2005: A review of cold fronts with prefrontal troughs and wind shifts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2449-2472.
39. Simpson, J. E., 1997: Gravity Currents: In the Environment and the Laboratory. Cambridge University Press, 244 pp.
40. Solheim, F., J. Godwin, E. Westwater, Y. Han, S. Keihm, K. Marsh, and R. Ware, 1998: Radiometric profiling of temperature, water vapor, and liquid water using various inversion methods. Radio Sci., 33, 393-404.
41. Vandenberghe, F., and R. Ware, 2003: Four-dimensional variational assimilation of ground-based microwave observations during a winter fog event. Proc. Int. Workshop on GPS Meteorology, Tsukuba, Japan, Japan Meteorological Agency, 3-05.
42. Ware, R., R. Carpenter, J. Güldner, J. Liljegren, T. Nehrkorn, F. Solheim, and F. Vandenberghe, 2003: A multichannel radiometric profiler of temperature, humidity, and cloud liquid. Radio Sci., 38, 8079, doi:10.1029/2002RS002856.
43. Weckwerth, T. M., 2000: The effect of small-scalemoisture variability on thunderstorm initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 4017-4030.
44. Westwater, E., 1993: Ground-based microwave remote sensing of meteorological variables. Atmospheric Remote Sensing by Microwave Radiometry, M. Janssen, Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, 145-213.
45. Westwater, E., Y. Han, and F. Solheim, 2000: Resolution and accuracy of a multi-frequency scanning radiometer for temperature profiling. Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Earth's Surface and Atmosphere, P. Pampaloni and S. Paloscia, Eds., VSP, 129-135.
46. Westwater, E., S. Crewell, C. Mätzler, and D. Cimini, 2005: Principles of surface-based microwave and millimeter wave radiometric remote sensing of the troposphere. Quat. Soc. Ital. Elettromagn., 1, 50-90.
47. Williams, C. R., A. B. White, K. S. Gage, and F. M. Ralph, 2007: Vertical structure of precipitation and related microphysics observed by NOAA profilers and TRMM during NAME 2004. J. Climate, 20, 1693-1712.
48. Wulfmeyer, V., H. S. Bauer, M. Grzeschik, A. Behrendt, F. Vandenberghe, E. V. Browell, S. Ismail, and R. A. Ferrare, 2006: Four-dimensional variational assimilation of water vapor differential absorption lidar data: The first case study within IHOP_2002. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 209-230.
49. Zhou, D. K., W. L. Smith, X. Liu, A. M. Larar, S. A. Mango, and H. L. Huang, 2007: Physically retrieving cloud and thermodynamic parameters from ultraspectral IR measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 969-982.