Angular emission characteristics of quantum cascade spiral microlasers

Optics Express

Volumn 17, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 10335-10343

  Hentschel, Martina ^a   Kwon, Tae Yoon ^a   Belkin, Mikhail A ^b,c   Audet, Ross ^b,d   Capasso, Federico ^b  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR PHYSIK KOMPLEXER SYSTEME   (Germany)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^d STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OPTICAL CONSTANTS; OPTICS;

ACTIVE CAVITY; ANGULAR EMISSION; LASER EMISSION; MICRO LASER; MID-INFRARED QUANTUM CASCADE; OPTICAL MICROCAVITIES; QUANTUM CASCADES; WAVE SIMULATIONS;

PUMPING (LASER);

ARTICLE; COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTRONICS; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INFRARED RADIATION; LASER; QUANTUM THEORY; RADIATION SCATTERING; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THEORETICAL MODEL; TRANSDUCER;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; INFRARED RAYS; LASERS; MINIATURIZATION; MODELS, THEORETICAL; QUANTUM THEORY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SCATTERING, RADIATION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TRANSDUCERS;

EID: 66849124748     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.010335     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. G.D. Chem, H. E. Tureci, A. Douglas Stone, R. K. Chang, M. Kneissl, and N. M. Johnson, "Unidirectional lasing from InGaN multiple-quantum-well spiral-shaped micropillars," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1710-1712 (2003).
2. M. Kneissl, M. Teepe, N. Miyashita, N. M. Johnson, G. D. Chem, and R. K. Chang, "Current-injection spiral-shaped microcavity disk laser diodes with unidirectional emission," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2485-2487 (2004).
3. T. Ben-Messaoud and J. Zyss, "Unidirectional laser emission from polymer-based spiral microdisks," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 241110 (2005).
4. A. Fujii, T. Nishimura, Y. Yoshida, K. Yoshino, and M. Ozaki, "Unidirectional laser emission from spiral micro-cavity utilizing conducting polymer," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, L1091-L1093 (2005).
5. A. Tulek and Z. V. Vardeny, "Unidirectional laser emission from π-conjugated polymer microcavities with broken symmetry," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 161106 (2007).
6. Ch.-M. Kim, J. Cho, J. Lee, S. Rim, S. H. Lee, K. R. Oh, and J. H. Kim, "Continuous wave operation of a spiral-shaped microcavity laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 131110 (2008).
7. M. Hentschel and T.-Y. Kwon, "Designing and understanding directional emission from spiral microlasers," Opt. Lett. 34, 163-165 (2009).
8. R. Audet, M. A. Belkin, J. A. Fan, B. G. Lee, K. Lin, and F. Capasso, "Single-mode laser action in quantum cascade lasers with spiral-shaped chaotic resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 131106 (2007).
9. A. Fujii, T. Takashima, N. Tsujimoto, T. Nakao, Y. Yoshida, and M. Ozaki, "Fabrication and unidirectional laser emission properties of asymmetric microdisks based on Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Derivative," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, L833-L866 (2006).
10. S.-Y. Lee, S. Rim, J.-W. Ryu, T.-Y. Kwon, M. Choi, and Ch.-M. Kim, "Quasiscarred Resonances in a Spiral-Shaped Microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 164102 (2004).
11. S.-Y. Lee, S. Rim, J.-W. Ryu, T.-Y. Kwon, M. Choi and Ch.-M. Kim, "Ray and wave dynamical properties of a spiral-shaped dielectric microcavity," J. Phys. A 41, 275102 (2008).
12. M. Hentschel and M. Vojta, "Multiple beam interference in a quadrupolar glass fiber," Opt. Lett. 26, 1764-1766 (2001).
13. H. G. L. Schwefel, N. B. Rex, H. E. Tureci, R. K. Chang, A. D. Stone, T. Ben-Messaoud, and J. Zyss, "Dramatic shape sensitivity of directional emission patterns from similarly deformed cylindrical polymer lasers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 923-934 (2004).
14. S. Shinohara and T. Harayama, "Signature of ray chaos in quasibound wave functions for a stadium-shaped dielectric cavity," Phys. Rev. E 75, 036216 (2007).
15. T. Tanaka, M. Hentschel, T. Fukushima, and T. Harayama, "Classical Phase Space Revealed by Coherent Light," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 033902 (2007).
16. S.-B. Lee, J. Yang, S. Moon, J.-H. Lee, K. An, J.-B. Shim, H.-W. Lee, and S. W. Kim, "Universal output directionality of single modes in a deformed microcavity," Phys. Rev. A 75, 011802 (2007).
17. M. Lebental, J. S. Lauret, J. Zyss, C. Schmit, and E. Bogomolny, "Directional emission of stadium-shaped mi-crolasers," Phys. Rev. A 75, 033806 (2007).
18. T. Harayama, S. Sunada, and K. Ikeda, "Theory of two-dimensional microcavity lasers," Phys. Rev. A 72, 013803 (2005).
19. J. Wiersig and M. Hentschel, "Combining Directional Light Output and Ultralow Loss in Deformed Microdisks," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 033901 (2008).
20. M. Hentschel and H. Schomerus, "Fresnel laws at curved dielectric interfaces of microresonators," Phys. Rev. E 65, 045603(R) (2002).
21. H. Schomerus and M. Hentschel, "Correcting Ray Optics at Curved Dielectric Microresonator Interfaces: Phase-Space Unification of Fresnel Filtering and the Goos-Hänchen Shift," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 243903 (2006).
22. S.-Y. Lee, J.-W. Ryu, T.-Y. Kwon, S. Rim, and C.-M. Kim, "Scarred resonances and steady probability distribution in a chaotic microcavity," Phys. Rev. A 72, 061801 (R) (2005).
23. C. Gmachl, E. E. Narimanov, F. Capasso, J. N. Baillargeon, and A. Y. Cho, "Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser transition and laser action on scar modes in semiconductor diode lasers with deformed resonators," Opt. Lett. 27, 824-826 (2002).
24. J. Wiersig, "Boundary element method for resonances in dielectric microcavities," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 53-60 (2003).
25. Note that they can be understood as normal scarred resonances in the framework of an amended ray optics where the Fresnel filtering and Goos-Hänchen corrections are included, see E. G. Altmann, G. Del Magno, and M. Hentschel, "Non-Hamiltonian dynamics in optical microcavities resulting from wave-inspired corrections to geometric optics," Europhys. Lett. 84, 10008 (2008).
26. S. Rim, T.-Y. Kwon, J. Cho, and Ch.-M. Kim, "Quantal characteristics of a spiral shaped billiard," submitted to Phys. Rev. E.
27. T.-Y. Kwon, S.-Y. Lee, M. S. Kurdoglyan, S. Rim, Ch.-M. Kim, and Y.-J. Park, "Lasing modes in a spiral-shaped dielectric microcavity," Opt. Lett. 31, 1250-1252 (2006).
28. 0 and corresponds, strictly speaking, to the mid-field characteristics. The far-field profiles can be expected to be very similar to the data shown.
29. V. Moreau, M. Bahriz, J. Palomo, L. R. Wilson, A. B. Krysa, C. Sirtori, D. A. Austin, J. W. Cockburn, J. S. Roberts, and R. Colombelli, "Optical mode control of surface-plasmon quantum cascade lasers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2499-2501 (2006).
30. V. Moreau, M. Bahriz, R. Colombelli, R. Perahia, O. Painter, L. R. Wilson, and A. B. Krysa, "Demonstration of air-guided quantum cascade lasers without top claddings," Opt. Express 15, 14861-14869 (2007).
31. N. Ho, M. C. Phillips, H. Qiao, P. J. Allen, K. Krishnaswami, B. J. Riley, T. L. Myers, and N. C. Anheyer, Jr., "Single-mode low-loss chalcogenide glass waveguides for the mid-infrared," Opt. Lett. 31, 1860-1862 (2006).
32. N. Tsujimoto, T. Takashima, T. Nakao, K. Masuyama, A. Fujii, and M. Ozaki, "Laser emission from spiral-shaped microdisc with waveguide of conducting polymer," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40, 1669-1672 (2007).