The brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: A major mechanism for sympathetic hyperactivity and left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction

Current Heart Failure Reports

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 81-88

  Huang, Bing S ^a   Leenen, Frans H H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA HEART INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

11BETA HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE 2; ALDOSTERONE; ALDOSTERONE SYNTHASE; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN II; CYTOCHROME P450; CYTOCHROME P450 11B1; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; HEXOKINASE; LOSARTAN; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; OUABAIN; PROTEIN FOS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALDOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; ANGIOTENSIN BLOOD LEVEL; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; HEART DISEASE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE DP-DT; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE DYSFUNCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC PRESSURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; HUMAN; MAGNOCELLULAR NUCLEUS; NEUROMODULATION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SUBFORNICAL ORGAN; SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS; SYMPATHETIC TONE; THALAMUS MIDLINE NUCLEUS;

ANGIOTENSIN II; BRAIN; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, LEFT; VENTRICULAR REMODELING;

EID: 66749173446     PISSN: 15469530     EISSN: 15469549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11897-009-0013-9     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Patel KP, Zhang K: Neurohumoral actiRation in heart failure: role of paraventricular nucleus. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1996, 23: 722-726.
2. Vahid-Ansari F, Leenen FH: Pattern of neuronal activation in rats with CHF after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol 1998, 275(6 Pt 2): H2140-H2146.
3. Yu Y, Wei SG, Zhang ZH, et al.: Does aldosterone upregulate the brain renin-angiotensin system in rats with heart failure? Hypertension 2008, 51: 727-733.
4. Lindley TE, Doobay MF, Sharma RV, Davisson RL: Superoxide is involved in the central nervous system activation and sympathoexcitation of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. Circ Res 2004, 94: 402-409.
5. Basu S, Sinha SK, Shao Q, et al.: Neuropeptide Y modulation of sympathetic activity in myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 27: 1796-1803.
6. Zhang ZH, Francis J, Weiss RM, Felder RB: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system excites hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002, 283: H423-H433.
7. Wang H, Huang BS, Ganten D, Leenen FH: Prevention of sympathetic and cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction in transgenic rats deficient in brain angiotensinogen. Circ Res 2004, 94: 843.
8. Leenen FH, Skarda V, Yuan B, White R: Changes in cardiac ANG II postmyocardial infarction in rats: Effects of nephrectomy and ACE inhibitors. Am J Physiol 1999, 276(1 Pt 2): H317-H325.
9. Francis J, Weiss RM, Wei SG, et al.: Progression of heart failure after myocardial infarction in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001, 281: R1734-R1745. [Published erratum appears in Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005, 288:R1078.]
10. Davern PJ, Head GA: Fos-related antigen immunoreactivity after acute and chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension in the rabbit brain. Hypertension 2007, 49: 1170-1177.
11. Lal A, Veinot JP, Leenen FH: Critical role of CNS effects of aldosterone in cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction in rats. Cardiovasc Res 2004, 64: 437-447.
12. Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, Schraut S, et al.: Immediate mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improves myocardial infarct healing by modulation of the inflammatory response. Hypertension 2008, 51: 905-914.
13. McEwen BS, Lambdin LT, Rainbow TC, De Nicola AF: Aldosterone effects on salt appetite in adrenalectomized rats. Neuroendocrinology 1986, 43: 38-43.
14. Zhu GQ, Gao L, Li Y, et al.: AT1 receptor mRNA antisense normalizes enhanced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats with chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004, 287: H1828-H1835.
15. Kang YM, Zhang ZH, Johnson RF, et al.: Novel effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism to reduce proinflammatory cytokines and hypothalamic activation in rats with ischemia-induced heart failure. Circ Res 2006, 99: 758-766.
16. Guggilam A, Patel KP, Haque M, et al.: Cytokine blockade attenuates sympathoexcitation in heart failure: Cross-talk between nNOS, AT-1R and cytokines in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Eur J Heart Fail 2008, 10: 625-634.
17. de Kloet ER, Van Acker SA, Sibug RM, et al.: Brain mineralocorticoid receptors and centrally regulated functions. Kidney Int 2000, 57: 1329-1336.
18. Menard J, Gonzalez MF, Guyene TT, Bissery A: Investigation of aldosterone-synthase inhibition in rats. J Hypertens 2006, 24: 1147-1155.
19. Vinson GP: Glomerulosa function and aldosterone synthesis in the rat. Mol Cel Endocrinol 2004, 217: 59-65.
20. Ye P, Kenyon CJ, MacKenzie SM, et al.: Regulation of aldosterone synthase gene expression in the rat adrenal gland and central nervous system by sodium and angiotensin II. Endocrinol 2003, 144: 3321-3328.
21. Ye P, Kenyon CJ, Mackenzie SM, et al.: Effects of ACTH, dexamethasone, and adrenalectomy on 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene expression in the rat central nervous system. J Endocrinol 2008, 196: 305-311.
22. Zhang ZH, Kang YM, Yu Y, et al.: 11beta-hydrosteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus modulates sympathetic excitation. Hypertension 2006, 48: 127-133.
23. Geerling JC, Loewy AD: Aldosterone-sensitive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract: Bidirectional connections with the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Comp Neurol 2006, 497: 646-657.
24. Huang BS, White RA, Ahmad M, et al.: Central infusion of aldosterone synthase inhibitor attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in rats after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2009, 81: 574-581.
25. Huang BS, White RA, Jeng AY, Leenen FH: Role of CNS aldosterone synthase and mineralocorticoid receptors in salt-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol 2009, 296: R994-R1000.
26. Amin MS, Wang HW, Reza E, et al.: Distribution of epithelial sodium channels and mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular regulatory centers in rat brain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005, 289: R1787-R1797.
27. Garty H: Molecular properties of epithelial, amilorideblockable Na+ channels. FASEB J 1994, 8: 522-528.
28. Gomez-Sanchez EP: Intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone induces hypertension in rats. Endocrinology 1986, 118: 819-823.
29. Wang H, Huang BS, Leenen FH: Brain sodium channels and ouabainlike compounds mediate central aldosterone-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003, 285: H2516-H2523.
30. Leenen FH, Huang BS, Yu H, Yuan B: Brain "ouabain" mediates sympathetic hyperactivity in congestive heart failure. Circ Res 1995, 77: 993-1000.
31. Huang BS, Cheung WJ, Wang H, et al.: Activation of brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by central sodium in Wistar rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006, 291: H1109-H1117.
32. Budzikowski AS, Huang BS, Leenen FH: Brain "ouabain," a neurosteroid, mediates sympathetic hyperactivity in salt-sensitive hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 1998, 20: 119-140.
33. Kala G, Kumarathasan R, Peng L, et al.: Stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity, increase in potassium uptake, and enhanced production of ouabain-like compounds in ammonia-treated mouse astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2000, 36: 203-211.
34. Murrell JR, Randall JD, Rosoff J, et al.: Endogenous ouabain: upregulation of steroidogenic genes in hypertensive hypothalamus but not adrenal. Circulation 2005, 112: 1301-1308.
35. Huang BS, Leenen FH: Brain ouabain and central effects of dietary sodium in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ Res 1992, 70: 430-437.
36. Jones DL, Lo S: Ouabain injected into the hypothalamus elicits pressor responses in anaesthetized rats: A mapping study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1990, 36: 979-983.
37. Gabor A, Leenen FH: Mechanisms in the PVN mediating local and central sodium-induced hypertension in Wistar rats. Am J Physiol 2009, 296: R618-R630.
38. Teruya H, Yamazato M, Muratani H, et al.: Role of ouabain-like compound in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats. J Clin Invest 1997, 99: 2791-2798.
39. Huang BS, Leenen FH: Sympathoexcitatory and pressor responses to increased brain sodium and ouabain are mediated via brain ANG II. Am J Physiol 1996, 270(1 Pt 2): H275-H280.
40. Zhang ZH, Yu Y, Kang YM, et al.: Aldosterone acts centrally to increase brain renin-angiotensin system activity and oxidative stress in normal rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008, 294: H1067-H1074.
41. Huang BS, Zheng H, Patel KP, Leenen FH: Hypertension induced by central infusion of aldosterone associated with decreased nNOS, and increased AT1R and components of NADPH oxidase in the PVN. Presented at 62nd High Blood Research Conference. Atlanta, GA; September 17-20, 2008. Hypertension 2008, 52: E59.
42. Tan J, Wang H, Leenen FH: Increases in brain and cardiac AT1 receptor and ACE densities after myocardial infarct in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004, 286: H1665-H1671.
43. Gao L, Wang W, Li YL, et al.: Superoxide mediates sympathoexcitation in heart failure: Roles of angiotensin II and NAD(P)H oxidase. Circ Res 2004, 95: 937-944.
44. Lindley TE, Infanger DW, Rishniw M, et al.: Scavenging superoxide selectively in mouse forebrain is associated with improved cardiac function and survival following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009, 296: R1-R8.
45. Zhang K, Li YF, Patel KP: Blunted nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of renal nerve discharge within PVN of rats with heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001, 281: H995-H1004.
46. Campese VM, Ye S, Zhong H, et al.: Reactive oxygen species stimulate central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004, 287: H695-H703.
47. Francis J, Weiss RM, Johnson AK, Felder RB: Central mineralocorticoid receptor blockade decreases plasma TNF-alpha after coronary artery ligation in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003, 284: R328-R335.
48. Lal A, Veinot JP, Ganten D, Leenen FH: Prevention of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in transgenic rats deficient in brain angiotensinogen. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005, 39: 521-529.
49. Huang BS, Leenen FH: Blockade of brain mineralocorticoid receptors or Na+ channels prevents sympathetic hyperactivity and improves cardiac function in rats post-MI. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005, 288: H2491-H2497.
50. Huang BS, Yuan B, Leenen FH: Chronic blockade of brain "ouabain" prevents sympathetic hyper-reactivity and impairment of acute baroreflex resetting in rats with congestive heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2000, 78: 45-53.
51. DiBona GF, Jones SY, Brooks VL: ANG II receptor blockade and arterial baroreflex regulation of renal nerve activity in cardiac failure. Am J Physiol 1995, 269(5 Pt 2): R1189-R1196.
52. Zhang W, Huang BS, Leenen FH: Brain renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic hyperactivity in rats after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol 1999, 276(5 Pt 2): H1608-H1615.
53. Huang BS, Ahmad M, Tan J, Leenen FH: Sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac dysfunction post-MI: Different impact of specific CNS versus general AT1 receptor blockade. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007, 43: 479-486.
54. Ahmad M, White R, Tan J, et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, inhibition of brain and peripheral angiotensin-converting enzymes, and left ventricular dysfunction in rats after myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008, 51: 565-572.
55. Kang YM, Ma Y, Elks C, et al.: Cross-talk between cytokines and renin-angiotensin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in heart failure: Role of nuclear factor-kappaB. Cardiovasc Res 2008, 79: 671-678.
56. Leenen FH, Yuan B, Huang BS: Brain "ouabain" and angiotensin II contribute to cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol 1999, 277(5 Pt 2): H1786-H1792.
57. Bodineau L, Frugière A, Marc Y, et al.: Orally active aminopeptidase A inhibitors reduce blood pressure: A new strategy for treating hypertension. Hypertension 2008, 51: 1318-1325.
58. Leenen FH: Brain mechanisms contributing to sympathetic hyperactivity and heart failure. Circ Res 2007, 101: 221-223.