Division of labour and sex differences between fibrillar, tarsal adhesive pads in beetles: Effective elastic modulus and attachment performance

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 212, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1876-1888

  Bullock, James M R ^a   Federle, Walter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adhesion; Biomechanics; Locomotion; Tribology

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BEETLE; BIOMECHANICS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; FRICTION; HISTOLOGY; LIMB; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; ULTRASTRUCTURE; YOUNG MODULUS;

ANIMALS; BEETLES; BIOMECHANICS; ELASTIC MODULUS; EXTREMITIES; FEMALE; FRICTION; MALE; SEX CHARACTERISTICS;

COLEOPTERA;

EID: 66749157472     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.030551     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Arzt, E., Gorb, S. and Spolenak, R. (2003). From micro to nano contacts in biological attachment devices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 10603-10606.
2. Autumn, K. and Hansen, W. (2006). Ultrahydrophobicity indicates a non-adhesive default state in gecko setae. J. Comp. Physiol. A 192, 1205-1212.
3. Autumn, K., Liang, Y. A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R. and Full, R. J. (2000). Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair. Nature 405, 681-685.
4. Autumn, K., Dittmore, A., Santos, D., Spenko, M. and Cutkosky, M. (2006a). Frictional adhesion: a new angle on gecko attachment. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 3569-3579.
5. Autumn, K., Hsieh, S. T., Dudek, D. M., Chen, J., Chitaphan, C. and Full, R. J. (2006b). Dynamics of geckos running vertically. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 260-272.
6. Autumn, K., Majidi, C., Groff, R. E., Dittmore, A. and Fearing, R. (2006c). Effective elastic modulus of isolated gecko setal arrays. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 3558-3568.
7. Bergsten, J., Toyra, A. and Nilsson, A. N. (2001). Intraspecific variation and intersexual correlation in secondary sexual characters of three diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 73, 221-232.
8. Betz, O. (2003). Structure of the tarsi in some Stenus species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae): external morphology, ultrastructure, and tarsal secretion. J. Morphol. 255, 24-43.
9. Beutel, R. G. and Gorb, S. N. (2001). Ultrastructure of attachment specializations of hexapods (Arthropoda): evolutionary patterns inferred from a revised ordinal phylogeny. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 39, 177-207.
10. Bullock, J. M. R., Drechsler, P. and Federle, W. (2008). Comparison of smooth and hairy attachment pads in insects: friction, adhesion and mechanisms for direction-dependence. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 3333-3343.
11. Burrows, M. (2006). Morphology and action of the hind leg joints controlling jumping in froghopper insects. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 4622-4637.
12. Clemente, C. J. and Federle, W. (2008). Pushing versus pulling: division of labour between tarsal attachment pads in cockroaches. Proc. Biol. Sci. 275, 1329-1336.
13. Comyn, J. (1997). Adhesion Science. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
14. Dahlquist, C. A. (1969). Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 2 (ed. R. L. Patrick), pp. 219-260. New York: Marcel Dekker.
15. Dai, Z., Gorb, S. N. and Schwarz, U. (2002). Roughness-dependent friction force of the tarsal claw system in the beetle Pachnoda marginata (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). J. Exp. Biol. 205, 2479-2488.
16. del Campo, A. and Arzt, E. (2007). Design parameters and current fabrication approaches for developing bioinspired dry adhesives. Macromol. Biosci. 7, 118-127.
17. Drechsler, P. and Federle, W. (2006). Biomechanics of smooth adhesive pads in insects: Influence of tarsal secretion on attachment performance. J. Comp. Physiol. A 192, 1213-1222.
18. Eimüler, T., Guttmann, P. and Gorb, S. N. (2008). Terminal contact elements of insect attachment devices studied by transmission X-ray microscopy. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 1958-1963.
19. Federle, W. (2006). Why are so many adhesive pads hairy? J. Exp. Biol. 209, 2611-2621.
20. Federle, W., Riehle, M., Curtis, A. S. G. and Full, R. J. (2002). An integrative study of insect adhesion: mechanics and wet adhesion of pretarsal pads in ants. Integr. Comp. Biol. 42, 1100-1106.
21. Frisch-Fay, R. (1962). Flexible Bars. London: Butterworths.
22. Full, R. J., Blickhan, R. and Ting, L. H. (1991). Leg design in hexapedal runners. J. Exp. Biol. 158, 369-390.
23. Glassmaker, N. J., Jagota, A., Hui, C. Y. and Kim, J. (2004). Design of biomimetic fibrillar interfaces. 1. Making contact. J. R. Soc. Interface 1, 23-33.
24. Goldman, D. I., Chen, T. S., Dudek, D. M. and Full, R. J. (2006). Dynamics of rapid vertical climbing in cockroaches reveals a template. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 2990-3000.
25. Gorb, S. N. (2001). Attachment Devices of Insect Cuticle. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
26. Gorb, S., Jiao, Y. and Scherge, M. (2000). Ultrastructural architecture and mechanical properties of attachment pads in Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 186, 821-831.
27. Hansen, W. R. and Autumn, K. (2005). Evidence tor self-cleaning in gecko setae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 385-389.
28. Hill, D. E. (1977). The pretarsus of salticid spiders. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 60, 319-338.
29. Jagota, A. and Bennison, S. J. (2002). Mechanics of adhesion through a fibrillar microstructure. Integr. Comp. Biol. 42, 1140-1145.
30. Jiao, Y., Gorb, S. and Scherge, M. (2000). Adhesion measured on the attachment pads of Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera, Insecta). J. Exp. Biol. 203, 1887-1895.
31. Ker, R. F. (1977). Some Structural and Mechanical Properties of Locust and Beetle Cuticle. D Phil. Thesis: University of Oxford.
32. Niederegger, S. and Gorb, S. (2003). Tarsal movements in flies during leg attachment and detachment on a smooth substrate. J. Insect Physiol. 49, 611-620.
33. Niederegger, S. and Gorb, S. N. (2006). Friction and adhesion in the tarsal and metatarsal scopulae of spiders. J. Comp. Physiol. A, 192, 1223-1232.
34. Orso, S., Wegst, U. G. K., Eberl, C. and Arzt, E. (2006). Micrometer-scale tensile testing of biological attachment devices. Adv. Mater. 18, 874-877.
35. Peattie, A. M., Majidi, C., Corder, A. and Full, R. J. (2007). Ancestrally high elastic modulus of gecko setal p-keratin. J. R. Soc. Interface 3, 1071-1076.
36. Pelletier, Y. and Smilowitz, Z. (1987). Specialized tarsal hairs on adult male Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), hamper its locomotion on smooth surfaces. Can. Entomol. 119, 1139-1142.
37. Peressadko, A. G. and Gorb, S. N. (2004). Surface profile and friction force generated by insects. In First International Industrial Conference Bionik 2004, Fortschritt-Berichte VDI 15, Nr. 249 (ed. I. Boblan and R. Bannasch), pp. 257-263. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag.
38. Persson, B. N. J. (2003). On the mechanism of adhesion in biological systems. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 118, 7614-7620.
39. Persson, B. N. J. and Gorb, S. (2003). The effect of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic plates with application to biological systems. J. Chem. Phys. 119, 11437-11444.
40. Ridgel, A. L., Ritzmann, R. E. and Schaefer, P. L. (2003). Effects of aging on behavior and leg kinematics during locomotion in two species of cockroach. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 4453-4465.
41. Sitti, M. and Fearing, R. S. (2003). Synthetic gecko foot-hair micro/nano-structures as dry adhesives. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 17, 1055-1073.
42. Slifer, E. H. (1950). Vulnerable areas on the surface of the tarsus and pretarsus of the grasshopper (Acrididae, Orthoptera) with special reference to the arolium. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 43, 173-188.
43. Smith, C. W., Herbert, R., Wootton, R. J. and Evans, K. E. (2000). The hind wing of he desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal). II. Mechanical properties and functioning of the membrane. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 2933-2943.
44. Snodgrass, R. E. (1935). Principles of Insect Morphology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
45. Spolenak, R., Gorb, S. and Arzt, E. (2005). Adhesion design maps for bio-inspired attachment systems. Acta Biomater. 1, 5-13.
46. Stork, N. E. (1980a). Experimental analysis of adhesion of Chrysolina polita (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) on a variety of surfaces. J. Exp. Biol. 88, 91-107.
47. Stork, N. E. (1980b). A scanning electron microscope study of tarsal adhesive setae in the Coleoptera. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 68, 173-306.
48. Stork, N. E. and Evans, E. G. (1976). Tarsal setae in Coleoptera. Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 5, 219-221.
49. Taylor, A. M., Bonser, R. H. C. and Farrent, J. W. (2004). The influence of hydration on the tensile and compressive properties of avian keratinous tissues. J. Mater. Sci. 39, 939-942.
50. Vincent, J. F. V. and Wegst, U. G. K. (2004). Design and mechanical properties of insect cuticle. Arthropod. Struct. Dev. 33, 187-199.
51. Voigt, D., Schuppert, J. M., Dattinger, S. and Gorb, S. N. (2008). Sexual dimorphism in the attachment ability of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to rough substrates. J. Insect Physiol. 54, 765-776.
52. Yamaguchi, T., Gravish, N., Autumn, K. and Creton, C. (2009). Microscopic modeling of the dynamics of frictional adhesion in the gecko attachment system. J. Phys. Chem. B. 113, 3622-3628.