A meta-analysis of marijuana, cocaine and opiate toxicology study findings among homicide victims

Addiction

Volumn 104, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1122-1131

  Kuhns, Joseph B ^a   Wilson, David B ^b   Maguire, Edward R ^c   Ainsworth, Stephanie A ^b   Clodfelter, Tammatha A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE   (United States)

^b GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Drugs; Homicide; Meta analysis; Toxicology; Victimization

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; COCAINE; OPIATE;

AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGE DISTRIBUTION; CANADA; CAUCASIAN; ETHNICITY; FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HISPANIC; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; RACE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SAMPLE SIZE; SCANDINAVIA; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES; VICTIM; WEAPON;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CANNABIS; CHILD; COCAINE; CRIME VICTIMS; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; FEMALE; FIREARMS; HOMICIDE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; RISK FACTORS; SCANDINAVIA; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 66749136395     PISSN: 09652140     EISSN: 13600443     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02583.x     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Tardiff K., Marzuk P. M., Lowell K., Portera L., Leon A. C. A study of drug abuse and other causes of homicide in New York. J Crim Justice 2002 30 : 317 25.
2. Topp L., McKetin R. Supporting evidence-based policy-making: a case study of the Illicit Drug Reporting System in Australia. Bull Narc 2003 55 : 23 30. (Pubitemid 38402585)
3. Tardiff K., Marzuk P. M., Leon A. C., Hirsch C. S., Stajic M., Portera L. et al. Homicide in New York City: cocaine use and firearms. JAMA 1994 272 : 43 6.
4. Tardiff K., Marzuk P. M., Leon A. C., Hirsch C. S., Stajic M., Portera L. et al. Cocaine, opiates, and ethanol in homicides in New York City: 1990 and 1991. J Forensic Sci 1995 40 : 387 90.
5. Tardiff K., Wallace Z., Tracy M., Piper T. M., Vlahov D., Galea S. et al. Drug as determinants of New York City homicide trends from 1990 to 1998. J Forensic Sci 2005 50 : 470 4.
6. Wilson D. B. Systematic coding. In : Cooper H., Hedges L. V., Valentine J., editors. Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis, 2nd edn. New York : Russell Sage in press 2009, p. 159 76.
7. Lipsey M. W., Wilson D. B. Practical Meta-Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage 2001.
8. Fleiss J. L. Measures of effect size for categorical data. In : Cooper H. M., Hedges L. V., editors. The Handbook of Research Synthesis. New York : Russell Sage Foundation 1994, p. 245 60.
9. Hedges L. V., Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. New York : Academic Press 1985.
10. Overton R. C. A comparison of fixed-effects and mixed (random-effects) models for meta-analysis tests of moderator variable effects. Psychol Methods 1998 3 : 354 79.
11. Raudenbush S. W. Random effects models. In : Cooper H. M., Hedges L. V., editors. The Handbook of Research Synthesis. New York : Russell Sage Foundation 1994, p. 301 21.
12. Hood I., Ryan D., Monforte J., Valentour J. Cocaine in Wayne County medical examiner's cases. J Forensic Sci 1990 35 : 591 600. (Pubitemid 20151964)
13. Garriott J. C., Di Maio V. J. M, Rodriguez, R. G. Detection of cannabinoids in homicide victims and motor vehicle fatalities. J Forensic Sci 1986 31 : 1274 82.
14. Abel E. L. Drugs and homicide in Erie County, New York. Int J Addict 1987 22 : 195 200. (Pubitemid 17033575)
15. Avis S. P. Homicide in Newfoundland: a nine-year review. J Forensic Sci 1996 41 : 101 5.
16. Bouzon H. V. Assessing increases in violence: an analysis of homicide cases from Orleans Parish, Louisiana. Department of Geography and Anthropology. Thesis, Louisiana State University; 2004.
17. Clark T. A. Prevalence of drugs and alcohol in autopsied homicide cases in St. John Parish, Louisiana. J Louisiana State Med Soc 1996 148 : 257 9.
18. Garriott J. C. Drug use among homicide victims. Changing patterns. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1993 14 : 234 7.
19. Haberman P. W., Baden M. M. Alcohol, Other Drugs and Violent Death. New York : Oxford University Press 1978, p. 1 11, 78 83.
20. Hanzlick R., Gowitt G. T. Cocaine metabolite detection in homicide victims. JAMA 1991 265 : 760 61.
21. Harruff R. C., Francisco J. T., Elkins S. K., Phillips A. M., Fernandez G. S. Cocaine and homicide in Memphis and Shelby County: an epidemic of violence. J Forensic Sci 1988 33 : 1231 7.
22. Karlsson T. Sharp force homicides in the Stockholm area, 1983-1992. Forensic Sci Int 1998 94 : 129 39.
23. McBride D. C., Burgman-Habermehl C. B., Alpert J., Chitwood D. D. Drugs and homicide. Bull NY Acad Med 1986 62 : 497 508. (Pubitemid 16034923)
24. Meehan P. J., O'Carroll P. W. Gangs, drugs, and homicide in Los Angeles. Am J Dis Child 1992 146 : 683 7.
25. Rogde S., Hougen H. P., Poulsen K. Homicide by sharp force in two Scandinavian capitals. Forensic Sci Int 2000 109 : 135 45.
26. Smith A. T. Jr., Kuller L. H., Perper J. A., Brent D. A., Moritz G., Costantino J. P. Epidemiology of homicide in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, between 1966-1974 and 1984-1993. Prev Med 1998 27 : 452 60.
27. Tardiff K., Gross E. M., Messner S. F. A study of homicides in Manhattan, 1981. J Forensic Sci 1986 76 : 139 43.
28. Kuhns J. B. The dynamic nature of the drug use/serious violence relationship: a multi causal approach. Violence Vict 2005 20 : 433 54.
29. United Nations. 2007 World Drug Report. Vienna : Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Publications 2007.
30. Rothstein H., Sutton A. J., Borenstein M. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments. Chichester : Wiley 2005.
31. Duval S., Tweedie R. A nonparametric 'trim and fill' method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis. J Am Stat Assoc 2000 95 : 89 98.
32. Rutledge R., Messick W. J. The association of trauma death and alcohol use in a rural state. J Trauma 1992 33 : 737 42.
33. Gill J. R., Catanese C. Sharp injury fatalities in New York City. J Forensic Sci 2002 47 : 554 7.
34. Baselt R. C. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 6th edn. Foster City : Biochemical Publications 2002.
35. Cook D. S., Braithwaite R. A., Hale K. A. Estimating antemortem drug concentrations from postmortem blood samples: the influence of postmortem redistribution. J Clin Pathol 2000 53 : 282 5.
36. Jones A. W., Holmgren P. Uncertainty in estimating blood ethanol concentrations by analysis of vitreous humour. J Clin Pathol 2001 54 : 699 702. (Pubitemid 32835418)
37. Inciardi J., Lockwood D., Pottieger A. Women and Crack-Cocaine. New York : MacMillan Publishing 1993.
38. National Institute of Justice. Adult Drug Abuse Monitoring: Annual Report. Washington, DC : Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice 2003.
39. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Federal Drug Offenders, 1999 with Trends 1984-99. Washington, DC : Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice 2001.
40. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services. National outcome measures. 2008. Available at: http://www.nationaloutcomemeasures.samhsa.gov/./outcome/ index-2007.asp (accessed April 2008).
41. Department of Health and Human Services. Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, National Findings. Rockville, MD : Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies 2007.
42. Johnston L. D., O'Malley P. M., Bachman J. G., Schulenberg J. E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2006, vol. 1. Secondary school students. NIH Publication no. 07-6205. Bethesda, MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse 2007.
43. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Uniform Crime Reports: Crime in the United States. Washington, DC : US Department of Justice 2005.
44. Drug Enforcement Agency. DEA drug seizures. 2007. http://www.usdoj.gov/ dea/statistics.html#seizures (accessed February 2008).
45. US Department of Health and Human Services. Drug abuse warning network, 2005: national estimates of drug related emergency department visits. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies; 2006. http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/ (accessed February 2008).
46. Darke S., Duflou J. Toxicology and circumstances of death of homicide victims in New South Wales, Australia 1996-2005. J Forensic Sci 2008 53 : 447 51.
47. Department of Health and Human Services. Results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Rockville, MD : Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies 2008.