Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

International Journal of STD and AIDS

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 221-224

  Elston, J W T ^a   Thaker, Hilten ^a  

^a CASTLE HILL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Definition; Diagnostic criteria; HIV; Immune reconstitution; T regulatory cells

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CRYPTOCOCCUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HISTOPLASMA; HUMAN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; JC VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE AVIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; POLYMYOSITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; INCIDENCE; MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS; MYCOSES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 66349113882     PISSN: 09564624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008449     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Morcroft A, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, et al. Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: an observational study. Lancet 2003;362:22-29 (Pubitemid 36835816)
2. French MAH, Mallal SA, Dawkins RL. Zidovudine induced restoration of cell mediated immunity to mycobacteria in immunodeficient HIV-infected patients. AIDS 1992;6:1293-1297
3. Hirsch HH, Kaufmann G, Pedram S, Battergay M. Immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1159-1166 (Pubitemid 38951265)
4. Shelburne SA, Hamill RJ. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. AIDS Rev 2003;5:67-79
5. French MA, Price P, Stone SF. Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2004;18:1615-1627 (Pubitemid 39095778)
6. Dhasmana D, Keertan D, Pernille R, Wilkinson R, Meintjes G. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Drugs 2008;68:191-208
7. Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Miller RF. Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:361-373 (Pubitemid 40779257)
8. Navas E, Martin-Davila P, Moreno L, et al. Paradoxical reactions of tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:97-99 (Pubitemid 34073410)
9. Narita M, Ashkin D, Hollender ES, et al. Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis following antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:157-161 (Pubitemid 28337174)
10. Phillips P, Bonner S, Gataric N, et al. Nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV-infected patients: spectrum of disease and long-term follow-up. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1483-1497 (Pubitemid 41579994)
11. Race EM, Adelson-Mitty J, Kriegel GR, et al. Focal mycobacterial lymphadenitis following initiation of protease inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease. Lancet 1998;351:252-255 (Pubitemid 28043950)
12. Shelburne SA, Darcourt J, White Jn AC, et al. The role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neoformans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1049-1052 (Pubitemid 40418316)
13. Jenny-Avital ER, Abadi M. Immune reconstitution cryptococcosis after initiation of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:e128-e133
14. Ratnam I, Chiu C, Kandala N-B, Easterbrook PJ. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an ethnically diverse HIV type 1-infected cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:418-427 (Pubitemid 43122323)
15. Fox PA, Barton SE, Francis N, et al. Chronic erosive herpes simplex virus infection of the penis: a possible immune reconstitution disease. HIV Med 1999;1:10
16. Reddy V, Luzzi GA. Chronic vulval ulceration: another immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome? Int J STD AIDS 2005;16:454-455
17. Jevtovic DJ, Salemovic D, Ranin J, et al. The prevalence and risk of immune restoration disease in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2005;6:140-143 (Pubitemid 40425979)
18. Aldeen T, Hay P, Davidson F, Lau R. Herpes zoster infection in HIV-seropositive patients associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 1998;12:1719-1720 (Pubitemid 28418346)
19. Jacobsen MA, Zegans M, Pavan PR, et al. Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 1997;349:1443-1445 (Pubitemid 27212193)
20. Karavellas MP, Azen SP, MacDonald JC, et al. Immune recovery vitritis and uveitis in AIDS: clinical predictors, sequelae and treatment outcomes. Retina 2001;21:1-9 (Pubitemid 32151755)
21. John M, Flexman J, French MA. Hepatitis C virus-associated hepatitis following treatment of HIV-infected patients with HIV protease inhibitors: an immune restoration disease? AIDS 1998;12:2289-2293
22. Zylberberg H, Pialoux G, Carnot F, et al. Rapidly evolving hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient receiving triple antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:1255-1258 (Pubitemid 29242480)
23. Safdar A, Rubocki RJ, Horvath JA, et al. Fatal immune restoration disease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: impact of antiretroviral therapy associated immune reconstitution. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1250-1257 (Pubitemid 35305874)
24. Naccache JM, Antoine M, Wislez M, et al. Sarcoid-like pulmonary disorder in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:2009-2013 (Pubitemid 29275077)
25. Foulon G, Wislez M, Naccache JM, et al. Sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:418-425 (Pubitemid 38200122)
26. Crum NF, Ganesan A, Johns ST, et al. Graves' disease: an increasingly recognised immune reconstitution syndrome. AIDS 2006;20:466-469
27. Diri E, Lipsky PE, Berggren RE. Emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2711-2714
28. Sellier P, Monsuez JJ, Evans J, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated polymyositis during immune restoration with combination antiretroviral therapy. Am J Med 2000;109:510-512
29. Bell C, Nelson M, Kaye S. A case of immune reconstitution rheumatoid arthritis. Int J STD AIDS 2002;13:580-581 (Pubitemid 34816247)
30. Piliero PJ, Fish DG, Preston S, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with immune reconstitution. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:e111-e114
31. Bourgarit A, Carcelain G, Martinez V, et al. Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients. AIDS 2006;20:F1-7
32. Miralles P, Berenguer J, Lacruz C, et al. Inflammatory reactions in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2001;15:1900-1902 (Pubitemid 32939260)
33. Haramati LB, Lee G, Singh A, Molina PL, White CS. Newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients. Radiology 2001;218:242-246 (Pubitemid 32151302)
34. Ruhwald M, Ravn P. Immune reconstitution syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients: Th1 explosion or cytokine storm? AIDS 2007;21:882-884
35. Breton G, Duval X, Estellat C, et al. Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type-1 infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1709-1712 (Pubitemid 39578550)
36. Breen RA, Smith CJ, Bettinson H, et al. Paradoxical reactions during tuberculosis treatment in patients with and without HIV co-infection. Thorax 2004;59:704-707 (Pubitemid 39061536)
37. Lortholary O, Fontanet A, Memain N, et al. Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France. AIDS 2005;19:1043-1049 (Pubitemid 40961144)
38. Lawn SD, Myer L, Bekker LG, Wood R. Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease: incidence, risk factors and impact in an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa. AIDS 2007;21:335-341 (Pubitemid 46175045)
39. Murdoch DM, Venter WDF, Feldman C, Van Rie A. Incidence and risk factors for the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: a prospective study. AIDS 2008;22:601-610
40. Shelburne SA, Visnergarwala F, Darcourt J, et al. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2005;19:399-406 (Pubitemid 40446186)
41. Price P, Morahan G, Huang D, et al. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes define subpopulations of HIV-1 patients who experienced immune restoration diseases. AIDS 2002;16:2043-2047 (Pubitemid 35205268)
42. Kumarasamy N, Chaguturu S, Mayer KH, et al. Incidence of immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV/tuberculosis coinfected patients after initiation of generic antiretroviral therapy in India. J Acquir Immune Defic Sydr 2004;37:1574-1576 (Pubitemid 39658195)
43. French MA, Lenzo N, John M, et al. Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2000;1:107-115
44. Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Myer L, et al. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution disease: a major cause of early mortality in a South African antiretroviral programme. AIDS 2005;19:2050-2052 (Pubitemid 41669038)
45. Murdoch DM, Venter VW, Van Rie A, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) preview of common infectious manifestations and treatment options. AIDS Res Ther 2007;4:9 (Pubitemid 46824731)
46. Puthanakit T, Aurpibul L, Oberdorfer P, et al. Hospitalization and mortality among HIV-infected children after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:599-604 (Pubitemid 46233267)
47. Pozniak AL, Miller RF, Lipman MC, et al. BHIVA Guidelines Writing Committee. BHIVA treatment guidelines for tuberculosis (TB)/HIV infection 2005. HIV Med 2005;6:62-83
48. Wislez M, Bergot E, Antoine M, et al. Acute respiratory failure following HAART introduction in patients treated for Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:847-851 (Pubitemid 32881923)
49. Lawn SD, Wood C, Lockwood DN. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy: an immune reconstitution phenomenon in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected person. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:e5-e6
50. Breton G, Adle-Baiassette H, Therby A, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. AIDS 2006;20:119-121 (Pubitemid 41818123)
51. Bower M, Nelson M, Young AM, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5224-5228 (Pubitemid 46224033)
52. Leidner RS, Abdoulafia DM. Recrudescent Kaposi's sarcoma after initiation of HAART: a manifestation of immune reconstitution syndrome. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2005;19:635-644 (Pubitemid 41527674)