Pediatric stroke guidelines: where will these take future research and treatment options for childhood stroke?

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 639-648

  Ganesan, Vijeya ^a  

^a GREAT ORMOND STREET HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Cerebral venous thrombosis; Child; Guideline; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; HEPARIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; WARFARIN;

ARTERY DISSECTION; ASPHYXIA; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN TUMOR; CARDIOEMBOLIC STROKE; CEREBRAL SINUS THROMBOSIS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CERVICOCEPHALIC ARTERIAL DISSECTION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEMORRHAGIC STROKE; HUMAN; INFECTION; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MOYAMOYA DISEASE; NEWBORN PERIOD; PEDIATRIC STROKE; PREECLAMPSIA; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; SICKLE CELL ANEMIA; STROKE; SURVIVOR; THROMBOPHILIA; VASCULAR DISEASE;

ADOLESCENT; ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL; ANIMALS; ANTICOAGULANTS; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CHILD; EXPERT TESTIMONY; HUMANS; PEDIATRICS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RESEARCH; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 66349087042     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.14     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Ganesan V, Prengler M, McShane MA, Wade A, Kirkham FJ. Investigation of risk factors in children with arterial ischemic stroke. Ann. Neurol. 53, 167-173 (2003).
2. Gabis LV, Yangala R, Lenn NJ. Time lag to diagnosis of stroke in children. Pediatrics 110(5), 924-928 (2002).
3. McGlennan C, Ganesan V. Delays in the investigation of arterial ischaemic stroke. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 50, 537-540 (2008).
4. Roach ES, Golomb M, Adams R et al. Management of stroke in infants and children: a scientific statement from a special writing group of the American Heart Association Stroke Council and the Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Stroke 39, 2644-2691 (2008).
5. Monagle P, Chalmers E, Chan A et al. Antithrombotic therAβy in neonates and children: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 133, 887-968(2008).
6. Guyatt GH, Cook DJ, Jaeschke R, Pauker SG, Schiinemann HJ. Grades of recommendation for antithrombotic agents: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 133(6 Suppl), 123S-131S (2008).
7. DeVeber G, Kirkham F. Guidelines for the treatment and prevention of stroke in children. Lancet Neurol. 7(11), 983-985 (2008).
8. Fullerton HJ, Chetkovich DM, Wu YW, Smith WS, Johnston SC. Deaths from stroke in US children, 1979 to 1998. Neurology 59(1), 34-39 (2002).
9. Lynch JK, Hirtz DG, DeVeber G, Nelson KB. Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke workshop on perinatal and childhood stroke. Pediatrics 109(1), 116-123 (2002).
10. deVeber G, Andrew M, Adams C et al. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children. N Engl. J. Med. 345, 417-423 (2001).
11. Fullerton HJ, Wu YW, Zhao S, Johnston SC. Risk of stroke in children: ethnic and gender disparities. Neurology 61(2), 89-94 (2003).
12. Golomb MR, Fullerton HJ, Nowak-Gottl U, Deveber G; for the International Pediatric Stroke Study Group. Male predominance in childhood ischemic stroke. Findings from the International Pediatric Stroke Study. Stroke 40(1), 52-57 (2009).
13. Chung B, Wong V. Pediatric stroke among Hong Kong Chinese subjects. Pediatrics 114, e206-e212 (2004).
14. DeVeber G. The Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Study Group: Canadian paediatric ischemic stroke registry: analysis of children with arterial ischemic stroke . Ann. Neurol. 48, 526 (2000).
15. Williams AN, Eunson PD, McShane MA, Lynn R, Green SH, Kirkham F. Childhood cerebrovascular disease and stroke like illness in the United Kingdom and Eire. A descriptive epidemiological study. Arch. Dis. Child. 86(Suppl. 1), A40-A41 (G113) (2002).
16. Shi KL, Wang JJ, Li JW et al. Arterial ischemic stroke: experience in chinese children. Pediatr. Neurol. 38, 186-190 (2008).
17. Lee YY, Lin KL, Wang HS et al. Risk factors and outcomes of childhood ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Brain Dev. 30, 14-19 (2008).
18. Nelson KB, Lynch JK. Stroke in newborn infants. Lancet Neurol. 3(3), 50-58 (2004).
19. Tsao P-N, Lee W-T, Peng S-F, Lin J-H, Yau K-IT. Power Doppler ultrasound imaging in neonatal cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Pediatric Neurol. 21, 652-655 (1999).
20. Mercuri E, Barnett A, Rutherford M et al. Neonatal cerebral infarction and neuromotor outcome at school age. Pediatrics 113, 95-100 (2004).
21. Kurnik K, Kosch A, Strater R, Schobess R, Heller C, Nowak-Gottl U; Childhood Stroke Study Group. Recurrent thromboembolism in infants and children suffering from symptomatic neonatal arterial stroke: a prospective follow-up study. Stroked, 2887-2892 (2003).
22. deVeber G, Chan A, Monagle P et al. Anticoagulation therAβy in pediatric patients with sinovenous thrombosis: a cohort study. Arch. Neurol. 55(12), 1533-1537 (1998).
23. Stam J, de Bruijn S, deVeber G. Anticoagulation for cerebral sinus thrombosis. Stroked, 54-55 (2003).
24. Janjua N, Nasar A, Lynch JK, Qureshi Al. Thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in children: data from the nationwide inpatient sample. Stroke 38(6), 850-854 (2007).
25. Williams LS, Garg BP, Cohen M, Fleck JD, Biller J. Subtypes of ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Neurology 49, 1541-1545 (1997).
26. Kirton A, Chen R, Friefeld S, Gunraj C, Pontigon AM, Deveber G. Contralesional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic hemiparesis in subcortical paediatric stroke: a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 7(6), 507-513 (2008).
27. Gordon A, Connelly A, Neville BGR et al. Modified constraint-induced movement therAβy after childhood stroke. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 49, 23-27 (2007).
28. Gordon A, Ganesan V Health-related quality of life after ischaemic stroke in childhood. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 43(Suppl. 90), 26 (2001).
29. Strater R, Becker S, von Eckardstein A et al. Prospective assessment of risk factors for recurrent stroke during childhood - a 5-year follow-up study. Lancet 360, 1540-1545 (2002).
30. Ganesan V, Prengler M, Wade A, Kirkham F. Clinical and radiological recurrence after childhood arterial ischaemic stroke. Circulation 114, 2170-2177(2006).
31. Fullerton HJ, Wu YW, Sidney S, Johnston SC. Risk of recurrent childhood arterial ischemic stroke in a population-based cohort: the importance of cerebrovascular imaging. Pediatrics 119(3), 495-501 (2007).
32. Danchaivijitr N, Cox T, Saunders DE, Ganesan V. Evolution of cerebral arteriopathies in childhood arterial ischaemic stroke. Ann. Neurol. 59, 620-626 (2006).
33. Adams RJ, McKie VC, Hsu L et al. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonogrAβhy. N. Engl. J. Med. 339(1), 5-11 (1998).
34. Adams RJ, BrambillaD; Optimizing Primary Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2) Trial Investigators. Discontinuing prophylactic transfusions used to prevent stroke in sickle cell disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(26), 2769-2778 (2005).
35. Dobson SR, Holden KR, Nietert PJ et al. Moyamoya syndrome in childhood sickle cell disease: a predictive factor for recurrent cerebrovascular events. Blood 99(9), 3144-3150 (2002).
36. Aviv RI, Benseler SM, DeVeber G et al. AngiogrAβhy of primary central nervous system angiitis of childhood: conventional angiogrAβhy versus magnetic resonance angiogrAβhy at presentation. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 28(1), 9-15 (2007).
37. Fung LWE, Thompson D, Ganesan V. Revascularisation surgery for pediatric moyamoya: a review of the literature. ChildsNerv. Syst. 25, 358-364 (2005).
38. Sebire G, Fullerton H, Riou E, deVeber G. Toward the definition of cerebral arteriopathies of childhood. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 16(6), 617-622 (2004).
39. Bernard TJ, deVeber GA, Benke TA. Athletic participation after acute ischemic childhood stroke: a survey of pediatric stroke experts.J. Child Neurol. 22(8), 1050-1053 (2007).
40. Phornphutkul C, Rosenthal A, Nadas AS, Berenberg W. Cerebrovascular accidents in infants and children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 32, 329-334 (1973).
41. Maguire JL, deVeber G, Parkin PC. Association between iron-deficiency anemia and stroke in young children. Pediatrics 120(5), 1053-1057 (2007).
42. Haywood S, Liesner R, Pindoria S, Ganesan V. Thrombophilia and arterial ischaemic stroke: a systematic review. Arch. Dis. Child. 90, 402-405 (2005).
43. Golomb MR, Garg BP, Walsh LE, Williams LS. Perinatal stroke in baby, prothrombotic gene in mom: does this affect maternal health insurance? Neurology 65(1), 13-16 (2005).
44. Benedict SL, Bonkowsky JL, Thompson JA et al. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children: another reason to treat iron deficiency anemia.J. Child Neurol. 19(7), 526-531 (2004).
45. Kenet G, Kirkham F, Niederstadt T et al. European Thromboses Study Group. Risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism in the European collaborative paediatric database on cerebral venous thrombosis: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 6(7), 595-603 (2007).
46. Ciccone A, Canhao P, Falcao F, Ferro JM, Sterzi R. Thrombolysis for cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 1, CD003693 (2004).
47. Wraige E, Pohl KRE, Ganesan V. A proposed classification for subtypes of arterial ischaemic stroke in children. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 47, 252-256 (2005).
48. deVeber GA, MacGregor D, Curtis R, Mayank S. Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis. J. Child Neurol. 15(5), 316-324 (2000).
49. Braun KP, KAβpelle LJ, Kirkham FJ, Deveber G. Diagnostic pitfalls in paediatric ischaemic stroke. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 48(12), 985-990 (2006).