Chapter 26 Posterior circulation strokes

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 93, Issue , 2008, Pages 537-558

  Piechowski Jóźwiak, Bartłomiej ^a   Bogousslavsky, Julien ^b  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

^b Clinique de Valmont Genolier   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 66149181805     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0072-9752(08)93026-8     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Abdul-Ghaffar N.U., el-Sonbaty M.R., el-Din Abdul-Baky M.S., et al. Stroke in Kuwait: a three-year prospective study. Neuroepidemiology 16 (1997) 40-47
2. Adams Jr. H.P., Bendixen B.H., Kappelle L.J., et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 24 (1993) 35-41
3. Amarenco P. The spectrum of cerebellar infarctions. Neurology 41 (1991) 973-979
4. Amarenco P., and Caplan L.R. Vertebrobasilar occlusive disease: review of selected aspects. 3: Mechanisms of cerebellar infarctions. Cerebrovasc Dis 3 (1993) 66
5. Amarenco P., and Hauw J.J. Cerebellar infarction in the territory of the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery. A clinicopathological study of 20 cases. Brain 113 (1990) 139-155
6. Amarenco P., and Hauw J.J. Cerebellar infarction in the territory of the superior cerebellar artery: a clinicopathologic study of 33 cases. Neurology 40 (1990) 1383-1390
7. Amarenco P., Hauw J.J., Henin D., et al. Cerebellar infarction in the area of the posterior cerebellar artery. Clinicopathology of 28 cases. Rev Neurol (Paris) 145 (1989) 277-286
8. Amarenco P., Levy C., Cohen A., et al. Causes and mechanisms of territorial and nonterritorial cerebellar infarcts in 115 consecutive patients. Stroke 25 (1994) 105-112
9. Anderson C.S., Jamrozik K.D., Burvill P.W., et al. Determining the incidence of different subtypes of stroke results from the Perth Community Stroke Study. 1989-1990. Med J Aust 158 (1993) 85-89
10. Anderson C.S., Chakera T.M., Stewart-Wynne E.G., et al. Spectrum of primary intracerebral haemorrhage in Perth, Western Australia, 1989-90: incidence and outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57 (1994) 936-940
11. Bamford J., Sandercock P., Dennis M., et al. Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet 337 (1991) 1521-1526
12. Barth A., Bogousslavsky J., and Regli F. The clinical and topographic spectrum of cerebellar infarcts: a clinical-magnetic resonance imaging correlation study. Ann Neurol 33 (1993) 451-456
13. Barth A., Bogousslavsky J., and Regli F. Infarcts in the territory of the lateral branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57 (1994) 1073-1076
14. Bassetti C., and Bogousslavsky J. Sensory disturbances. In: Bogousslavsky J., and Caplan L.R. (Eds). Stroke Syndromes (1995), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 15-29
15. Bassetti C., Bogousslavsky J., Barth A., et al. Isolated infarcts of the pons. Neurology 46 (1996) 165-175
16. Bassetti C., Bogousslavsky J., Mattle H., et al. Medial medullary stroke: report of seven patients and review of the literature. Neurology 48 (1997) 882-890
17. Bernasconi A., Bogousslavsky J., Bassetti C., et al. Multiple acute infarcts in the posterior circulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60 (1996) 289-296
18. Bogousslavsky J. Oculomotor syndromes resulting from mesencephalic lesions in man. Rev Neurol (Paris) 145 (1989) 546-559
19. Bogousslavsky J., Regli F., and Assal G. The syndrome of unilateral tuberothalamic artery territory infarction. Stroke 17 (1986) 434-441
20. Bogousslavsky J., Fox A.J., Barnett H.J., et al. Clinico-topographic correlation of small vertebrobasilar infarct using magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 17 (1986) 929-938
21. Bogousslavsky J., Gates P.C., Fox A.J., et al. Bilateral occlusion of vertebral artery: clinical patterns and long-term prognosis. Neurology 36 (1986) 1309-1315
22. Bogousslavsky J., Miklossy J., Deruaz J.P., et al. Thalamic aphasia. Neurology 38 (1988) 1662
23. Bogousslavsky J., Regli F., Uske A., et al. Thalamic infarcts: clinical syndromes, etiology, and prognosis. Neurology 38 (1988) 837-848
24. Bogousslavsky J., Van Melle G., and Regli F. The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke. Stroke 19 (1988) 1083-1092
25. Bogousslavsky J., Khurana R., Deruaz J.P., et al. Respiratory failure and unilateral caudal brainstem infarction. Ann Neurol 28 (1990) 668-673
26. Bogousslavsky J., Regli F., Maeder P., et al. The etiology of posterior circulation infarcts: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Neurology 43 (1993) 1528-1533
27. Bogousslavsky J., Regli F., Maeder P., et al. The etiology of posterior circulation infarcts: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Neurology 43 (1993) 1528-1533
28. Bogousslavsky J., Maeder P., Regli F., et al. Pure midbrain infarction: clinical syndromes, MRI, and etiologic patterns. Neurology 44 (1994) 2032-2040
29. Brazis P.W. Ocular motor abnormalities in Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 67 (1992) 365-368
30. Bronstein A.M., Rudge P., Gresty M.A., et al. Abnormalities of horizontal gaze. Clinical, oculographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings. II. Gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53 (1990) 200-207
31. Brown Jr. R.D., Petty G.W., O'Fallon W.M., et al. Incidence of transient ischemic attack in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985-1989. Stroke 29 (1998) 2109-2113
32. Cals N., Devuyst G., Afsar N., et al. Pure superficial posterior cerebral artery territory infarction in The Lausanne Stroke Registry. J Neurol 249 (2002) 855-861
33. Canaple S., and Bogousslavsky J. Multiple large and small cerebellar infarcts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66 (1999) 739-745
34. Caplan L.R. The posterior cerebral arteries. Posterior Circulation Disease: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Management (1996), Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA 445-491
35. Caplan L.R., Wityk R.J., Glass T.A., et al. New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation registry. Ann Neurol 56 (2004) 389-398
36. Carrera E., Michel P., and Bogousslavsky J. Anteromedian, central, and posterolateral infarcts of the thalamus: three variant types. Stroke 35 (2004) 2826-2831
37. Claude H. Syndrome pedonculaire de la region du noyau rouge. Rev Neurol (Paris) 12 (1912) 311-313
38. Corbin D.O., Poddar V., Hennis A., et al. Incidence and case fatality rates of first-ever stroke in a black Caribbean population: the Barbados Register of Strokes. Stroke 35 (2004) 1254-1258
39. Currier R.D., Giles C.L., and Dejong R.N. Some comments on Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome. Neurology 11 (1961) 778-791
40. Cywiński Z., Horski-Horończyk S., and Prusiński A. Two cases of Opalski syndrome (a partial posterior vertebrospinal artery syndrome. Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr Pol 4 (1954) 511-514
41. de S.J., Lucas C., Leclerc X., et al. One-and-a-half syndromes in pontine infarcts: MRI correlates. Neuroradiology 41 (1999) 666-669
42. Déjerine J., and Roussy G. Le syndrome thalamique. Rev Neurol (Paris) 14 (1906) 521-532
43. Devuyst G., Bogousslavsky J., Meuli R., et al. Stroke or transient ischemic attacks with basilar artery stenosis or occlusion: clinical patterns and outcome. Arch Neurol 59 (2002) 567-573
44. Dewey H.M., Sturm J., Donnan G.A., et al. Incidence and outcome of subtypes of ischaemic stroke: initial results from the North East Melbourne stroke incidence study (NEMESIS). Cerebrovasc Dis 15 (2003) 133-139
45. Eriksson S.E., and Olsson J.E. Survival and recurrent strokes in patients with different subtypes of stroke: a fourteen-year follow-up study. Cerebrovasc Dis 12 (2001) 171-180
46. Fisher C.M. The "herald hemiparesis" of basilar artery occlusion. Arch Neurol 45 (1988) 1301-1303
47. Fisher C.M., Karnes W.E., and Kubik C.S. Lateral medullary infarction-the pattern of vascular occlusion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 20 (1961) 323-379
48. Foix C., and Hillemand P. Les arteres de l'axe encephalique jusqu'au diencephale inclusivement. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2 (1925) 705-739
49. Fullerton H.J., Wu Y.W., Zhao S., et al. Risk of stroke in children: ethnic and gender disparities. Neurology 61 (2003) 189-194
50. Ghika J., Bogousslavsky J., Henderson J., et al. The "jerky dystonic unsteady hand": a delayed motor syndrome in posterior thalamic infarctions. J Neurol 241 (1994) 537-542
51. Ghika-Schmid F., and Bogousslavsky J. The acute behavioral syndrome of anterior thalamic infarction: a prospective study of 12 cases. Ann Neurol 48 (2000) 220-227
52. Gilman N., Baloh R.W., and Tomiyasu U. Primary position upbeat nystagmus. A clinicopathologic study. Neurology 27 (1977) 294-298
53. Girard P.F., Bonamour, Garde, et al. Syndromes of the obliteration of the superior cerebellar artery and of the total softening of the upper third of the tegmentum; involvement of the patheticus. Rev Neurol (Paris) 83 (1950) 199-201
54. Glass T.A., Hennessey P.M., L P., et al. Outcome at 30 days in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Arch Neurol 59 (2002) 369-376
55. Guberman A., and Stuss D. The syndrome of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction. Neurology 33 (1983) 540-546
56. Irie F., Toyoda K., Hagiwara N., et al. Babinski-Nageotte syndrome due to vertebral artery dissection. Intern Med 42 (2003) 871-874
57. Johansson B., Norrving B., and Lindgren A. Increased stroke incidence in Lund-Orup, Sweden, between 1983 to 1985 and 1993 to 1995. Stroke 31 (2000) 481-486
58. Johansson B., Norrving B., and Lindgren A. Increased stroke incidence in Lund-Orup, Sweden, between 1983 to 1985 and 1993 to 1995. Stroke 31 (2000) 481-486
59. Kase C.S., Norrving B., Levine S.R., et al. Cerebellar infarction. Clinical and anatomic observations in 66 cases. Stroke 24 (1993) 76-83
60. Kataoka S., Hori A., Shirakawa T., et al. Paramedian pontine infarction. Neurological/topographical correlation. Stroke 28 (1997) 809-815
61. Katoh M., and Kawamoto T. Bilateral medial medullary infarction. J Clin Neurosci 7 (2000) 543-545
62. Kim J.S. Pure lateral medullary infarction: clinical-radiological correlation of 130 acute, consecutive patients. Brain 126 (2003) 1864-1872
63. Kim J.S., Kim H.G., and Chung C.S. Medial medullary syndrome. Report of 18 new patients and a review of the literature. Stroke 26 (1995) 1548-1552
64. Korean Neurological Association. Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Korea-a Collaborative Study, 1989-1990. Korean Neurological Association. J Korean Med Sci 8 (1993) 281-289
65. Korpelainen J.T., Huikuri H.V., Sotaniemi K.A., et al. Abnormal heart rate variability reflecting autonomic dysfunction in brainstem infarction. Acta Neurol Scand 94 (1996) 337-342
66. Kumral E., Ozkaya B., Sagduyu A., et al. The Ege Stroke Registry: a hospital-based study in the Aegean region, Izmir, Turkey. Analysis of 2,000 stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 8 (1998) 278-288
67. Lassman A.B., and Mayer S.A. Paroxysmal apnea and vasomotor instability following medullary infarction. Arch Neurol 62 (2005) 1286-1288
68. Lee B.I., Nam H.S., Heo J.H., et al. Yonsei Stroke Registry. Analysis of 1,000 patients with acute cerebral infarctions. Cerebrovasc Dis 12 (2001) 145-151
69. Lefebvre V., Josien E., Pasquier F., et al. Infarction of the red nucleus and crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 149 (1993) 294-296
70. Lefkovits J., Davis S.M., Rossiter S.C., et al. Acute stroke outcome: effects of stroke type and risk factors. Aust N Z J Med 22 (1992) 30-35
71. Libman R.B., Kwiatkowski T.G., Hansen M.D., et al. Differences between anterior and posterior circulation stroke in TOAST. Cerebrovasc Dis 11 (2001) 311-316
72. Marotte M. Observation de ramollissement cerebrale gauche, avec lesion du nerf oculaire commun. Union Medicale 7 (1853) 407-408
73. Marti-Vilalta J.L., and Arboix A. The Barcelona stroke registry. Eur Neurol 41 (1999) 135-142
74. Maulaz A.B., Bezerra D.C., and Bogousslavsky J. Posterior cerebral artery infarction from middle cerebral artery infarction. Arch Neurol 62 (2005) 938-941
75. Misbach J., and Ali W. Stroke in Indonesia: a first large prospective hospital-based study of acute stroke in 28 hospitals in Indonesia. J Clin Neurosci 8 (2001) 245-249
76. Modrego P.J., Pina M.A., Fraj M.M., et al. Type, causes, and prognosis of stroke recurrence in the province of Teruel, Spain. A 5-year analysis. Neurol Sci 21 (2000) 355-360
77. Moncayo J., and Bogousslavsky J. Vertebro-basilar syndromes causing oculo-motor disorders. Curr Opin Neurol 16 (2003) 45-50
78. Moulin T., Tatu L., Crepin-Leblond T., et al. The Besançon Stroke Registry: an acute stroke registry of 2,500 consecutive patients. Eur Neurol 38 (1997) 10-20
79. Moulin T., Tatu L., Vuillier F., et al. Role of a stroke data bank in evaluating cerebral infarction subtypes: patterns and outcome of 1,776 consecutive patients from the Besançon stroke registry. Cerebrovasc Dis 10 (2000) 261-271
80. Musolino R., La S.P., Granata A., et al. Ischaemic stroke in young people: a prospective and long-term follow-up study. Cerebrovasc Dis 15 (2003) 121-128
81. Naess H., Nyland H.I., Thomassen L., et al. Incidence and short-term outcome of cerebral infarction in young adults in western Norway. Stroke 33 (2002) 2105-2108
82. Naess H., Nyland H.I., Thomassen L., et al. Etiology of and risk factors for cerebral infarction in young adults in western Norway: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Neurol 11 (2004) 25-30
83. Nardelli E., Iannucci A., and Rizzuto N. Bilateral infarction of pyramidal tracts (a case report). Acta Neurol (Napoli) 33 (1978) 130-136
84. Nasreddine Z.S., and Saver J.L. Pain after thalamic stroke: right diencephalic predominance and clinical features in 180 patients. Neurology 48 (1997) 1196-1199
85. Neau J.P., and Bogousslavsky J. The syndrome of posterior choroidal artery territory infarction. Ann Neurol 39 (1996) 779-788
86. Olindo S., Cabre P., Deschamps R., et al. Acute stroke in the very elderly: epidemiological features, stroke subtypes, management, and outcome in Martinique, French West Indies. Stroke 34 (2003) 1593-1597
87. Opalski A. Nowy zespól podopuszkowy. Pol Tyg Lek I (1946)
88. Perez-Higueras A., varez-Ruiz F., Martinez-Bermejo A., et al. Cerebellar infarction from fibromuscular dysplasia and dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery. Report of a child. Stroke 19 (1988) 521-524
89. Piechowski-Jóźwiak B., and Bogousslavsky J. Basilar occlusive disease: the descent of the feared foe?. Arch Neurol 61 (2004) 471-472
90. Ricci S., Celani M.G., La R.F., et al. SEPIVAC: a community-based study of stroke incidence in Umbria, Italy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54 (1991) 695-698
91. Ricci S., Celani M.G., Vitali R., et al. Diurnal and seasonal variations in the occurrence of stroke: a community-based study. Neuroepidemiology 11 (1992) 59-64
92. Schmahmann J.D. Vascular syndromes of the thalamus. Stroke 34 (2003) 2264-2278
93. Schmahmann J.D., Ko R., and MacMore J. The human basis pontis: motor syndromes and topographic organization. Brain 127 (2004) 1269-1291
94. Segarra J.M. Cerebral vascular disease and behavior. I. The syndrome of the mesencephalic artery (basilar artery bifurcation). Arch Neurol 22 (1970) 408-418
95. Shin H.K., Yoo K.M., Chang H.M., et al. Bilateral intracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center, Posterior Circulation Registry. Arch Neurol 56 (1999) 1353-1358
96. Smadja D., Cabre P., May F., et al. ERMANCIA: Epidemiology of Stroke in Martinique, French West Indies: Part I: methodology, incidence, and 30-day case fatality rate. Stroke 32 (2001) 2741-2747
97. Steinke W., Mangold J., Schwartz A., et al. Mechanisms of infarction in the superficial posterior cerebral artery territory. J Neurol 244 (1997) 571-578
98. Stopford J.S.B. Arteries of the pons and medulla oblongata. J Anat 59 (1924) 120-128
99. Sturm J.W., Donnan G.A., Dewey H.M., et al. Quality of life after stroke: the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Stroke 35 (2004) 2340-2345
100. Syme P. Are cardiac syndrome X, irritable bowel syndrome and reflex sympathetic dystrophy examples of lateral medullary ischaemic syndromes?. Med Hypotheses 65 (2005) 145-148
101. Tilikete C., Rode G., Nighoghossian N., et al. Otolith manifestations in Wallenberg syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris) 157 (2001) 198-208
102. Toole J.F., Lefkowitz D.S., Chambless L.E., et al. Self-reported transient ischemic attack and stroke symptoms: methods and baseline prevalence. The ARIC Study, 1987-1989. Am J Epidemiol 144 (1996) 849-856
103. Truelsen T., Piechowski-Jóźwiak B., Bonia R., et al. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a review of available data. Eur J Neurol (in press) (2005)
104. Vaudens P., and Bogousslavsky J. Face-arm-trunk-leg sensory loss limited to the contralateral side in lateral medullary infarction: a new variant. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 65 (1998) 255-257
105. Vemmos K.N., Takis C.E., Georgilis K., et al. The Athens stroke registry: results of a five-year hospital-based study. Cerebrovasc Dis 10 (2000) 133-141
106. Voetsch B., DeWitt L.D., Pessin M.S., et al. Basilar artery occlusive disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Arch Neurol 61 (2004) 496-504
107. Vuilleumier P., Bogousslavsky J., and Regli F. Infarction of the lower brainstem. Clinical, aetiological and MRI-topographical correlations. Brain 118 (1995) 1013-1025
108. Wolfe C.D., Rudd A.G., Howard R., et al. Incidence and case fatality rates of stroke subtypes in a multiethnic population: the South London Stroke Register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72 (2002) 211-216
109. Yaqub B.A., Shamena A.R., Kolawole T.M., et al. Cerebrovascular disease in Saudi Arabia. Stroke 22 (1991) 1173-1176