Drift and mixing under the ocean surface revisited: Stratified conditions and model-data comparisons

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 114, Issue 2, 2009, Pages

  Rascle, Nicolas ^a,b   Ardhuin, Fabrice ^a  

^a Section de Géodésie Géophysique   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC CURRENT MEASUREMENT; ELECTRIC RECTIFIERS; OCEAN ENGINEERING;

CORIOLIS; CURRENT MEASUREMENTS; CURRENT PROFILE; DATA COMPARISONS; EULERIAN; LONG TERM; LONG TIME SERIES; MEAN VELOCITY PROFILES; MIXED LAYER; NEAR-SURFACE; NEAR-SURFACE CURRENTS; OCEAN SURFACES; ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; ORDER OF MAGNITUDE; SURFACE DRIFTS; TIME VARYING; UPPER OCEAN; WAVE AGE; WAVE HINDCAST;

OCEAN CURRENTS;

COMPARATIVE STUDY; CORIOLIS FORCE; EULERIAN ANALYSIS; MIXED LAYER; NUMERICAL METHOD; OCEANIC CURRENT; SEA SURFACE; STRATIFICATION; TIME SERIES;

EID: 66149171514     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004466     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Agrawal, Y. C, E. A. Terray, M. A. Donelan, P. A. Hwang, A. J. Williams, W. Drennan, K. Kahma, and S. Kitaigorodskii (1992), Enhanced dissipation of kinetic energy beneath breaking waves, Nature, 359, 219-220.
2. Andrews, D. G., and M. E. Mclntyre (1978), An exact theory of nonlinear waves on a Lagrangian-mean flow, J. Fluid Meek, 89, 609-646.
3. Ardhuin, F., and A. Le Boyer (2006), Numerical modelling of sea states: Validation of spectral shapes (in French), Navigation, 54(216), 55-71.
4. Ardhuin, F., T. H. C. Herbers, K. P. Watts, G. P. van Vledder, R. Jensen, and H. Graber (2007), Swell and slanting fetch effects on wind wave growth, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37(4), 908-931, doi:10.1175/JPO3039.1.
5. Ardhuin, F., N. Rascle, and K. A. Belibassakis (2008), Explicit wave-averaged primitive equations using a generalized Lagrangian mean, Ocean Modell, 20, 35-60, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.07.001.
6. Beardsley, R. C, E. P. Dever, S. J. Lentz, and J. P. Dean (1998), Surface heat flux variability over the northern California shelf, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 21,553-21,586.
7. Bidlot, J., S. Abdalla, and P. Janssen (2005), A revised formulation for ocean wave dissipation in CY25R1, Tech. Rep. Memo. R60.9/JB/0516, Res. Dep., ECMWF, Reading, U. K.
8. Bidlot, J. R., et al. (2007), Inter-comparison of operational wave forecasting systems, in Proceedings of the 10th Int. Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting and Coastal Hazard, U.S. Army Eng. Res. and Dev. Centers Coastal and Hydraulics Lab., North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii, 11-16 Nov.
9. Charnock, H. (1955), Wind stress on a water surface, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc, 81, 639-640.
10. Craig, P. D., and M. L. Banner (1994), Modeling wave-enhanced turbulence in the ocean surface layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2546-2559.
11. Ekman, V. W. (1905), On the influence of the earth's rotation on ocean currents, Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys., 2, 1-53.
12. Garrett, C. (1976), Generation of Langmuir circulations by surface waves-A feedback mechanism, J. Mar. Res., 34, 117-130.
13. Gaspar, J. P., Y. Gregoris, and J. M. Lefevre (1990), A simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of oceanic vertical mixing: Tests at station papa and long-term upper ocean study site, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,179-16,193.
14. Hasselmann, K. (1970), Wave-driven inertial oscillations, Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 1, 463-502.
15. Hasselmann, K., et al. (1973), Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project, Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z.,8, suppl.A(12), 1-95.
16. Hodur, R. M., J. Pullen, J. Cummings, X. Hong, J. D. Douyle, P. J. Martin, and M. A. Rennick (2002), The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), Oceanography, 15, 88-98.
17. Huang, N. E. (1979), On surface drift currents in the ocean, J. Fluid Mech., 91, 191-208.
18. Jenkins, A. D. (1987), Wind and wave induced currents in a rotating sea with depth-varying eddy viscosity, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 77, 938-951.
19. Jenkins, A. D. (1989), The use of a wave prediction model for driving a near-surface current model, Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z, 42, 133-149.
20. Kantha, L. H., and C. A. Clayson (2004), On the effect of surface gravity waves on mixing in the oceanic mixed layer, Ocean Modell., 6, 101 -124.
21. Kudryavtsev, V. N., V. K. Makin, and B. Chapron (1999), Coupled sea surface-atmosphere model. 2: Spectrum of short wind waves, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7625-7639.
22. Large, W. G., and S. Pond (1981), Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 11, 324-336.
23. Lentz, S. J., M. Fewings, P. Howd, J. Fredericks, and K. Hathaway (2008), Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 2341-2357.
24. Lewis, D. M., and S. E. Belcher (2004), Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 37, 313-351.
25. Mc Williams, J. C, and E. Huckle (2006), Ekman layer rectification, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1646-1659.
26. McWilliams, J. C, P. P. Sullivan, and C.-H. Moeng (1997), Langmuir turbulence in the ocean, J. Fluid Mech., 334, 1-30.
27. Mellor, G. L. (2001), One-dimensional, ocean surface layer modelling: A problem and a solution, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 790-809.
28. Noh, Y. (1996), Dynamics of diurnal thermocline formation in the oceanic mixed layer, J. Geophys. Res., 26, 2189-2195.
29. Noh, Y. (2004), Sensitivity to wave breaking and the Prandtl number in the ocean mixed layer model and its dependence on latitude, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23305, doi:10.1029/2004GL021289.
30. Noh, Y, and H. J. Kim (1999), Simulations of temperature and turbulence structure of the oceanic boundary layer with the improved near-surface process, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15,621-15,634.
31. Noh, Y, H. S. Min, and S. Raasch (2004), Large eddy simulation of the ocean mixed layer: The effects of wave breaking and Langmuir circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 720-733.
32. Pollard, R. T. (1973), Interpretation of near-surface current meter observations, Deep Sea Res., 20, 261-268.Polton, J. A., D. M. Lewis, and S. E. Belcher (2005), The role of wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing on the wind-driven mixed layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 444-457.
33. Price, J. F., and M. A. Sundermeyer (1999), Stratified Ekman layers, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 20,467-20,494.
34. Price, J. F., R. A. Weller, and R. R. Schudlich (1987), Wind-driven ocean currents and Ekman transport, Science, 238, 1534-1538.
35. Rascle, N., F Ardhuin, and E. A. Terray (2006), Drift and mixing under the ocean surface: A coherent one-dimensional description with application to unstratified conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C03016, doi:10.1029/2005JC003004.
36. Rascle, N., F. Ardhuin, P. Queffeulou, and D. Croizé-Fillon (2008), A global wave parameter database for geophysical applications, part 1: Wave-Current-Turbulence interaction parameters for the open ocean based on traditional parameterizations, Ocean Modeli, 25(3-4), 154-171.
37. Santala, M. J. (1991), Surface referenced current meter measurements, Ph.D. thesis, WHOI-91-35, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst, Woods Hole, Mass.
38. Schudlich, R. R., and J. F. Price (1998), Observations of seasonal variation in the Ekman layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1187-1204.
39. Stramma, L., P. Cornillon, R. A. Weller, J. F. Price, and M. G. Briscoe (1986), Large diurnal sea surface temperature variability: Satellite and in situ measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 827-837.
40. Tarbell, S. A., N. J. Pennington, and M. G. Briscoe (1984), A compilation of moored current meter and wind recorder data: Vol. XXXV: Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) (mooring 764, 765, 766, 767, 770) May 1982-April 1983, Tech. Rep. WHOI-84-86, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass. 02543.
41. Terray, E. A., M. A. Donelan, Y. C. Agrawal, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, A. J. Williams, P. A. Hwang, and S. A. Kitaigorodskii (1996), Estimates of kinetic energy dissipation under breaking waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 792-807.
42. Terray, E. A., W. M. Drennan, and M. A. Donelan (2000), The vertical structure of shear and dissipation in the ocean surface layer, in Proc. Symp. on Air-Sea Interaction, pp. 239-245, Univ. of N. S. W, Sydney, Australia.
43. Tolman, H. L., B. Balasubramaniyan, L. D. Burroughs, D. V. Chalikov, Y. Y. Chao, H. S. Chen, and V. M. Gerald (2002), Development and implementation of wind-generated ocean surface wave models at NCEP, Weather Forecasting, 17(4), 311-333.
44. Uppala, S. M., et al. (2005), The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc, 131, 2961-3012, doi:10.1256/qj.04.176.
45. Xu, Z., and A. J. Bowen (1994), Wave- and wind-driven flow in water of finite depth, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1850-1866.