Stroking characteristics during time to exhaustion tests

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 637-644

  Alberty, Morgan ^a   Sidney, Michel ^a   Pelayo, Patrick ^a   Toussaint, Huub M ^b,c  

^a UNIV LILLE   (France)

^b AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Netherlands)

^c VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Arm coordination; Front crawl stroke; Impulse; Propulsive time

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARM MOVEMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MOTOR COORDINATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGICAL EXHAUSTION; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; SWIMMING; SWIMMING STROKE; TIME; VELOCITY; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; ENDURANCE; FATIGUE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ADULT; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; SWIMMING;

EID: 66149131922     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818acfba     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Alberty M, Sidney M, Huot-Marchand F, Hespel JM, Pelayo P. Intracyclic velocity variations and arm coordination during exhaustive exercise in front crawl stroke. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(6):471-5.
2. Alberty M, Potdevin F, Dekerle J, Pelayo P, Gorce P, Sidney M. Swimming technique changes during time to exhaustion at freely chosen and controlled stroke rate. J Sports Sci. 2008;26:1191-200.
3. Atkinson G, Reilly T. Circadian variation in sports performance. Sport Med. 1996;21:292-312.
4. Chollet D, Chalies S, Chatard JC. A new index of coordination for the crawl: description and usefulness. Int J Sports Med. 2000;21(1):54-9.
5. Chollet D, Pelayo P, Delaplace C, Tourny C, Sidney M. Stroking characteristic variations in the 100-m freestyle for male swimmers of differing skill. Percept Mot Skills. 1997;85(1):167-77.
6. Chollet D, Pelayo P. Effects of different methodologies in calculating stroke length in swimming. J Hum Mov Stud. 1999;36:127-36.
7. Craig AB, Skehan PL, Pawelczyk JA, Boomer WL. Velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;17(6):625-34.
8. Craig AB, Pendergast DR. Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke and velocity in competitive swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1979;11(3):278-83.
9. Dekerle J, Nesi X, Lefevre T, et al. Stroking parameters in front crawl swimming and maximal lactate steady state speed. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26:53-8.
10. Green H. Mechanisms of muscle fatigue in intense exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1997;15:247-56.
11. Keskinen KL, Komi PV. Interaction between aerobic/anaerobic loading and biomechanical performance in freestyle swimming. In: Ungerechts BE, Reischle K, editors. Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming. Swimming Science V. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 1988a. p. 285-93.
12. Keskinen KL, Komi PV. The stroking characteristics in four different exercises in free style swimming. In: de Groot G, Hollander AP, Huijing PA, van Ingen Schenau GJ, editors. Biomechanics XI-B (International Series on Biomechanics) Amsterdam: Free University Press;1988b. p. 839-43.
13. Keskinen KL, Komi PV. Stroking characteristics of front crawl swimming during exercise. J Appl Biomech. 1993;9:219-26.
14. Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2003. p. 792.
15. Monteil KM, Rouard AH. Free swimming versus paddles swimming in front crawl. J Hum Mov Stud. 1994;27:89-99.
16. Ogita F, Onodera T, Tabata I. Effect of hand paddles on anaerobic energy release during supramaximal swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(5):729-35.
17. Pai YC, Hay JG, Wilson BD. Stroking techniques of elite swimmers. J Sports Sci. 1984;2:225-39.
18. Peltonnen J, Rusko H. Interrelations between power, force production and energy metabolism in maximal leg work using a modified rowing ergometer. J Sports Sci. 1993;11:233-40.
19. Pendergast D, Zamparo P, di Prampero PE, et al. Energy balance of human locomotion in water. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;90:377-86.
20. Sanders R. New analysis procedures for giving feedback to swimming coaching and swimmers. In: Gianikellis KE, Mason BR, Toussaint HM, Arellano R, Sanders RH, edtors. Scientific Proceedings - Applied Program, XXth International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports - Swimming. Caceres (Spain): University of Extramedura; 2002. p. 1-14.
21. Seifert L, Boulesteix L, Chollet D. Effect of gender on the adaptation of arm coordination in front crawl. Int J Sports Med. 2004a;25:217-23.
22. Seifert L, Chollet D, Bardy BG. Effect of swimming velocity on arm coordination in the front crawl: a dynamic analysis. J Sports Sci. 2004b;22:651-60.
23. Seifert L, Chollet D, Allard P. Arm coordination symmetry and breathing effect in front crawl. Hum Mov Sci. 2005b;24:234-56.
24. Seifert L, Boulesteix L, Carter M, Chollet D. The spatial-temporal and coordinative structures in elite male 100-m front crawl swimmers. Int J Sports Med. 2005a;26:286-93.
25. Seifert L, Chollet D, Rouard A. Swimming constraints and arm coordination. Hum Mov Sci. 2007;26:68-86.
26. Sidney M, Delhaye B, Baillon M, Pelayo P. Stroke frequency evolution during 100-m and 200-m events front crawl swimming. In: Keskinen KL, Komi PV, Hollander AP, editors. Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, Swimming Science VIII. Jyväskylä (Finland): Gummerus Printing; 1999. p. 71-6.
27. Stevens J. Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. 3rd Edition. Mahwah (NJ): Erlbaum; 1996. p. 712.
28. Toussaint HM, Carol A, Kranenborg H, Truijens MJ. Effect of fatigue on stroking characteristics in arm-only 100-m front-crawl race. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(9):1635-42.
29. Vincent JW. Statistics in Kinesiology. 2nd ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 1999. p 194.
30. Vollestad N. Measurement of human muscle fatigue. J Neurosci Met. 1997;74:219-27.
31. Wakayoshi K, D'Acquisto J, Cappaert JM, Troup JP. Relationship between metabolic parameters and stroking technique characteristics in front crawl. In: Troup JP, Hollander AP, Strass D, Trappe SW, Cappaert JM, Trappe TA, editors. Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, Swimming Science VII. London: E&FN Spon; 1996. p. 152-8.
32. Watkins J, Gordon AT. The effects of leg action on performance in the sprint front crawl stroke. In: Hollander P, Huijing P, Groot G, editors. Swimming Science IV. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 1983. p. 310-5.
33. Weiss M, Reischle K, Bouws N, Simon G, Weicker H. Relationship of blood lactate accumulation to stroke rate and distance per stroke in top female swimmers. In: Ungerechts BE, Reischle K, editors. Swimming Science V. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 1988. p. 295-303.
34. Winter EM, Eston RG, Lamb KL. Statistical analyses in the physiology of exercise and kinanthropometry. J Sports Sci. 2001;19(10):761-75.
35. Yanai T. Stroke frequency in front crawl: its mechanical link to the fluid forces required in non-propulsive directions. J Biomech. 2003;36:53-62.