Pathological sub-types, risk factors and outcome of stroke at the Nairobi hospital, Kenya

East African Medical Journal

Volumn 85, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 572-581

  Jowi, J O ^a   Mativo, P M ^b  

^a AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^b NONE   (Kenya)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KENYA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KENYA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 66149111747     PISSN: 0012835X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Sapo Snik, G. and Del Brutto, O.H. Stroke in South America's. A systematic review of incidence, prevalence and stroke subtypes. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2103-2108.
2. 2. Matuja, W., Janabi, M., Kazema, et al. Stroke subtypes in Black Tanzanians: a retrospective study of computerized tomography scan diagnosis at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam. Trop. Doct. 2004; 34:144-146. (Pubitemid 38887787)
3. Connor, M.D., Thorogood, M., Casserly, B., et al. Prevalence of stroke survivors in rural South Africa: results from the Southern Africa stroke prevention Initiative (SASPI) Agincourt field site. Stroke. 2004; 35:627-632.
4. Bhatt, D.L., Steg, P.G., Oliman, F., et al. International prevalence recognition and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 295:180-189.
5. Murray, C. J.L. and Lopez, A.D. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world's Global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997; 349:1259-1276.
6. 6. Sacco, R.L., Boden-Albala, B., Gan, R., et al Stroke incidence among white, black Hispanic residents of an urban community: a Northern Manhattan stroke study. Amer. J. Epidemiol. 1998; 147:259-268. (Pubitemid 28093136)
7. Brott,T.,Thalinger,K.andHertzberg, V. Hypertension as a risk factor for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1986; 17:1078-1083.
8. Klatsky, A.L., Amstrong, M.A. and Friedman, G.D. Alcohol use and subsequent cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1989:20:741-946.
9. Donahue,R.P.,Abbott.R.D.,Reed.D.M.,etiil. Alcohol and hemorrhagic stroke. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1986; 255:2311-2314.
10. Albers, G., Sherman, G.D., Paulseth, J.E., et al. Stroke prevention in non valvular atrial fibrillation: a review of prospective randomized trials. Ann Neurol. 1991; 30:511-518.
11. 11. Okgrainec, K., Banerjee and Eisenberg MJ. Coronary artery disease in the developing world. Am. Heart J. 2004; 148:7-15. (Pubitemid 38900475)
12. Seedat, Y.K. Hypertension in developing nations in sub-Saharan Africa. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2000; 14: 739-747.
13. Walker, R. Hypertension and stroke in sub-Saharan Africa. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1994; 88: 609-611.
14. K-Bayashi, K., Ngivalali, P.N., Mbonde, M.P., et al. Neuropathology of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection: significance of studying forensic autopsy cases at Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1999; 123:519-523.
15. 15. Matenga, J., Kitail and Levy, L. Stroke among black people in Harare, Zimbabwe. Results of computed tomography and associated risk factors. Brit. Med. J. 1986;292:1649-1651. (Pubitemid 16097878)
16. Walker, R.W., Rolte, M., Kelly, P.J., et al. Mortality and recovery after stroke in Gambia. Stroke. 2003; 34: 1604-1609.
17. 17. Talabi, O.A. A 3 year review of neurological admissions in University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. West Afr. J. Med. 2003; 22:150-151. (Pubitemid 37266095)
18. Toure, K., Ndiaye, N.M., SeneDiouf, F., etal. Evaluation of the costs of stroke management in Dakar Senegal. Med. Trop. (Marg). 2005; 65:458-464.
19. Thorvaldsen, P., Asplund, K., Kuulasmaa, K. et al. Stroke incidence, case fatality and mortality in the WHO MONICA project. World Health Organization monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease. Stroke. 1995; 26:361-367.
20. Feigin, V.L., Lawes, C.M., Bennett, D. A., et al. Stroke epidemiology: a review of population based studies of incidence, prevalence and case-fatality in 20th century. Lancet Neurol. 2003; 2:43-53.
21. 21. Zhang, L.F., Yang, J., Hong, Z., et al. Proportion of different subtypes of stroke in China. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2091-2096. (Pubitemid 37099817)
22. 22. Kimura, Y., Yakishitas, Muratani, H., et al. Demographic study of first ever stroke and acute myocardial infarction in Okinawa, Japan. Inter. Med. 1998;37:736-745. (Pubitemid 128519360)
23. 23. Matenga, J. Stroke incidence rates among black residents of Harare- a prospective community based study. S. Afr. Med. J. 1997; 87:606-609. (Pubitemid 27296367)
24. Njamnishi, A. K., Blackett, K.N., Mbuagbaw, J.N., et al. Chronic chlamydia pneumonia infection and stroke in Cameroon: a case - control study. Stroke. 2006:3:796-799.
25. Zeneb,G.,Alemayehu,M.andAsmeraJ.Characteristics and outcomes of stroke at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia. Ethiopia Med. J. 2005; 43:251-259.
26. 26. Kumwenda, J.J., Mateyu, G., Kanpondeni, S., et al. Differential diagnosis of stroke in a setting of high HIV prevalence in Blantyre, Malawi. Stroke. 2005; 36: 960-964. (Pubitemid 40629284)
27. NjohJ. Complications of hypertension in adult urban Liberians. J. Hum. Hypertens. 1990; 4:88-90.
28. 28. Osuntokun, B.O., Adeuja, A.O., Shoenberg, B. S. et al. Neurological disorders in Nigerian Africans: a community-based study. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 1987; 75:13-21. (Pubitemid 17027275)
29. Obama, M.T., Dongmo, L., Nkemayim, C., et al. Stroke in children in Yaounde, Cameroon. Indian Pediatr. 1994;31:791-795.
30. 30. Chobanian, A.V., Bakris, G.L., Black, H.R., et al. The seventh report of the joint national committee on the prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 2003; 289: 2560-2572. (Pubitemid 37430158)
31. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel 111). Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel 111) final report. Circulation. 2000; 106:3143-3421.
32. 32. Sagui, E., M'Baye, P.S., Dubecq, C., et al. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in Dakar, Senegal: A hospitalbased study. Stroke. 2005; 36:1844-1847. (Pubitemid 41266510)
33. Osuntokua B.O., Adeuja, A.O., Schoenberg, B.S., et.al. Neurological disorders in Nigerian Africans: a community based study. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 1987; 75:13-21.
34. Burke, T.A. and Venketasubramanian, R.N. The epidemiology of stroke in the East Asia region: a literature based review. Stroke. 2006;1:208-215.
35. Antonios, N. and Silliman, S. Diabetes mellitus and stroke. Brit. Med. J. 1985; 291:1014-1015.
36. Adams, H.P., Bendixen, B.H., Kappelle, L.J., et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicentre clinical trial. Stroke. 1993; 24:35-41.
37. Branford, J., Sandercock, P., Dennis, M., et al. Stroke: site of infarction may affect risk of recurrent stroke. Lancet. 1991;337:1521-1526.
38. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Randomized trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: Final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet. 1998; 351:1379-1387.
39. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial. Interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-90% ) or mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet. 1991; 337: 1235-1243.
40. 40. Johnston, D.C. and Goldstein, L. B. Clinical carotid endarterectomy decision making: Non-invasive vascular imaging versus angiography. Neurol. 2001; 56:1009-1015. (Pubitemid 32336305)
41. Hankey, G. Ongoing and planned trials of anti-platelet therapy in the acute and long-term management of patients with ischemic brain syndrome: setting a new standard of care. Cerebrovascular Dis. 2004; 17: ' 11-66.
42. 42. Sudlow, C.L.M. and Warlow, C.P. Comparing stroke incidence worldwide. What makes studies comparable? Stroke. 1996; 27:550-558. (Pubitemid 126425924)