'Giving plants a civil status': Scientific representations of nature and nation in Costa Rica and Venezuela, 1885-1935

Americas

Volumn 58, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 513-536

  McCook, Stuart ^a  

^a The College of New Jersey   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65849413763     PISSN: 00031615     EISSN: 15336247     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/tam.2002.0050     Document Type: Review

References (33)

1. Reprinted in Henri Pittier, Trabajos escogidos (Caracas: Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría, 1947), p. 43
2. H. Pittier, "Apuntes sobre identificatión de productos naturales y organizatión de museos en la América tropical," Boletín Comercial e Industrial (Venezuela) 5 (1924), p. 273
3. On the role of censuses, maps, and surveys in imagining the nation, see Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Revised Edition (London: Verso, 1991), chapter 10
4. On state building in Latin America, see David A. Brading, "Nationalism and State-Building in Latin American History," Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv 20 (1994), pp. 83-108
5. On the agricultural and botanical sciences in tropical Latin America during the liberal era, see Stuart McCook, States of Nature: Science, Agriculture, and Environment in the Spanish Caribbean, 1760-1940 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002)
6. On the commodities boom and export-led growth, see Victor Bulmer-Thomas, The Economic History of Latin America since Independence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)
7. and Steven Topik and Allen Wells, The Second Conquest of Latin America: Coffee, Henequen, and Oil During the Export Boom, 1850-1930 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998)
8. and Erik Kaufmann, "Naturalizing the Nation: The Rise of Naturalistic Nationalism in the United States and Canada," Comparative Studies in Society and History 40 (1998), pp. 666-695
9. Hector Pérez-Brignoli, A Brief History of Central America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), pp. 91-92
10. L. D. Gómez and J. M. Savage, "Searchers on that Rich Coast: Costa Rican Field Biology, 1400-1980," in Costa Rican Natural History, edited by Daniel H. Janzen (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), pp. 1-11
11. Marshall Eakin, "The Origins of Modern Science in Costa Rica: The Instituto Físico-Geográfico Nacional, 1887-1904" Latin American Research Review 34 (1999), pp. 123-150
12. Stuart McCook, "Creole Science in Costa Rica," Endeavour 23 (1999), pp. 118-120
13. Sterling Evans, The Green Republic: A Conservation History of Costa Rica (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999), chapter 1
14. For a nuanced discussion of the role of foreign resident scientists in Latin America, see Hebe Vessuri, "Foreign scientists, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Origins of Agricultural Science in Venezuela," Minerva 32 (1994), pp. 267-296
15. On the origins of the IFG, see Eakin, "Origins of Science in Costa Rica," pp. 136-138
16. Luis D. Gómez P., "Contribuciones a la Pteridologia Costarricense XI: Hermann Christ, su vida, obra, e influencia en la botánica nacional," Brenesia 12/13 (1977), pp. 25-79
17. Pittier, Plantas usuales de Costa Rica, p. 9
18. Paul Standley, Flora of Costa Rica (Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1937-1940), pp. 5-63
19. For a more detailed account, see Gómez P. and Savage, "Searchers on that Rich Coast" and McCook, "Creole Science in Costa Rica."
20. Josefina Ríos and Nelson Prato, Las transformaciones de la agricultura venezolana (Caracas: Fondo Editorial Tropykos, 1990), chapter 1
21. Manuel Caballero, Gómez, el tirano liberal (Caracas: Monte Avila Editories, 1993)
22. Yolanda Texera Arnal, La exploraciòn botánica en Venezuela, 1754-1950 (Caracas: Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana, 1991), Chapter 4
23. Henri Pittier, "Apuntes sobre identificación de productos naturales y organización de museos en la América Tropical," Boletín Comercial e Industrial 5 (30 September 1924), pp. 273-280
24. Henri Pittier, "Botánicos nacionales," Boletín Científico y Técnico del Museo Comercial de Venezuela 1 (1927), pp. 46-47
25. Henri Pittier, Exploraciones, botánicas y otras, en la cuenca de Maracaibo (1922), reprinted in Trabajos Escogidos (Caracas: Ministerio de Agricultura, 1947), pp. 46-47
26. Henry A. Gleason, "The Scientific Work of Nathaniel Lord Britton," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 104 (1960), p. 222
27. For a brief biography of Britton with a comprehensive bibliography of his publications, see E. D. Merrill, "Biographical Memoir of Nathaniel Lord Britton, 1859-1934," Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 19 (1938), pp. 147-202
28. Texera Arnal, Exploración botánica en Venezuela, pp. 146-150
29. For a contemporary Venezuelan vision U.S.'s growing role in Venezuela, see Alberto Adriani, "Capital estadounidense en América Latina," in Labor Venezolanista, Second Edition (Caracas, 1946), pp. 155-160
30. Gleason, "The Scientific Work of Nathaniel Lord Britton," pp. 208-215
31. Pittier to Maxon, 22 September 1920, Division of Plants Records, SIA
32. Henri Pittier, Esbozo de las formaciones vegetales de Venezuela con una breve reseña de los productos naturales y agrícolas (Caracas: Litografía El Comercio, 1920)
33. Pittier, Manual de plantas usuales de Venezuela p. xiii