Canton is not Boston: The invention of American imperial sovereignty

American Quarterly

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 859-884

  Ruskola, Teemu ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65849391865     PISSN: 00030678     EISSN: 10806490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/aq.2005.0050     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. "John Quincy Adams on the Opium War," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 43 (February 1910): 324
2. Tyler Dennett, Americans in Eastern Asia: A Critical Study of the Policy of the United States with Reference to China, Japan, and Korea in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Macmillan, 1922), 288. For details, see Message from the President Communicating the Correspondence of Commissioners to China, S. Doc. No. 35-22, 1083, 1148 (1858)
3. See Thomas J. McCormick, China Market: America's Quest for Informal Empire, 1893-1901 (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1967), 168-75
4. Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 144, 374 (1901)
5. See James L. Hevia, English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth Century China (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003); Tani Barlow, "'s Career in Postwar China Studies," 1 positions 1.1 (1993): 224
6. Gerald L. Neuman, Strangers to the Constitution: Immigrants, Borders, and Fundamental Law (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996)
7. and T. Alexander Aleinikoff, Semblances of Sovereignty (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002)
8. as well as Sarah H. Cleveland, "Powers Inherent in Sovereignty: Indians, Aliens, Territories, and the Nineteenth Century Origins of the Plenary Power over Foreign Affairs," Texas Law Review 81 (2002): 1
9. Important exceptions to the general neglect of the topic include Elaine Scully, Bargaining with the State from Afar (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001)
10. and David J. Bederman, "Extraterritorial Domicile and the Constitution," Virginia Journal of International Law 28 (1988): 451
11. Both the English and Chinese texts of the treaty, with background notes, can be found in Hunter Miller, ed., Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America, vol. 4 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1934), 559
12. John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, "The Imperialism of Free Trade," Economic History Review (2nd series) 6.1 (1953): 1
13. See Lassa Oppenheim, International Law, vol. 1 (London: Longmans, Green, 1905): 60-61
14. See Carl Schmitt, The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum, trans. G. L. Ulmen (New York. Telos Press, 2003)
15. See also Antony Anghie, "Finding the Peripheries: Sovereignty and Colonialism in Nineteenth-Century International Law," Harvard International Law Journal 40.1 (1999): 1
16. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1988), 301
17. I borrow the term from Robert A. Williams, The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 326
18. See Amy Kaplan, The Anarchy of Empire in the Making of US Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002)
19. See Travers Twiss, The Law of Nations Considered as Independent Political Communities (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884), 267
20. Philip Chadwick Foster Smith, The Empress of China (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Maritime Museum, 1984), 8
21. James Morton Callahan, American Relations in the Pacific and the Far East, 1784-1900 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1901), 14, 84
22. John W. Foster, American Diplomacy in the Orient (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1903), 43
23. See R. Randle Edwards, "Ch'ing Legal Jurisdiction over Foreigners," in Essays on China's Legal Tradition (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980), 222
24. Jonathan Goldstein, Philadelphia and the China Trade, 1682-1846: Commercial, Cultural, and Attitudinal Effects (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978), 61
25. Dennett, Americans in Eastern Asia, 89
26. Edwards, "Ch'ing Legal Jurisdiction over Foreigners," 249
27. John Kuo Wei Tchen, New York Before Chinatown (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), 41-42
28. See also Dennett, Americans in East Asia, 77
29. J. L. Cranmer-Byng, ed., An Embassy to China: Being the Journal Kept by Lord Macartney During His Embassy to the Emperor Ch'ien-lung, 1793-1794 (London: Longman's, 1962,) 225-26
30. Marshall Sahlins, "Cosmologies of Capitalism: The Transpacific Sector of 'The World-System,'" Proceedings of the British Academy (1988), 13
31. See Ssu-yu Teng and John K. Fairbank, eds., China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839-1923 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954), 24-28
32. See Michael Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983)
33. "Webster's Directions to Cushing," in The Works of Daniel Webster, 5th ed., vol. 6 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1853), 468
34. Jack Beeching, The Chinese Opium Wars (New York: Harcourt Brace Janovich, 1975), 174
35. Claude M. Fuess, The Life of Caleb Cushing, vol. 1 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1923), 423
36. See Jerry Israel, Progressivism and the Open Door: America and China, 1905-1921 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1971), 4-6
37. The Nation, May 9, 1901, 368
38. "John Quincy Adams on the Opium War," 324
39. William C. Hunter, The "Fan Kwae" at Canton Before Treaty Days: 1825-1844 (London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1882), 154
40. Fuess, The Life of Caleb Cushing, vol. 2, 230-31
41. Fuess, The Life of Caleb Cushing, vol. 1, 430
42. See, respectively, Miller, Treaties, vol. 3, 269, 249; vol. 4, 241, 349
43. See Miller, Treaties, vol. 5, 819
44. Miller, Treaties, vol. 7, 329
45. The assessment is by Kenneth S. Latourette, The History of Early Relations Between the United States and China, 1784-1844 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1917), 140-41
46. Foster, American Diplomacy in the Orient, 89-90
47. Louis G. Perez, Japan Comes of Age: Mutsu Munemitsu and the Revision of the Unequal Treaties (Cranbury, N.J.: Associated University Presses, 1999), 51-52
48. Chae Chan Ping 130 U.S. at 600
49. Cleveland, "Powers Inherent in Sovereignty," 280
50. Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny, 1, 297
51. Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (San Diego: Harcourt, 1968), 206
52. See Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism, rev. ed. (London: Verso, 1991)
53. and "Law Without Law, or, Is 'Chinese Law' an Oxymoron?", William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal 11 (2003): 655