Protocol, control, and networks

Grey Room

Volumn , Issue 17, 2004, Pages 7-29

  Galloway, Alexander ^a   Thacker, Eugene ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65849344648     PISSN: 15263819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/1526381042464572     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy (Santa Monica: RAND, 2001), 15; emphasis removed from original
2. See Mark Wigley's recent essay of the same name in Grey Room 4 (Summer 2001): 80-122
3. The largest and most important publication series for Internet protocols is called "Request for Comments" (RFC). A few thousand RFC documents have been drafted to date. They are researched, published, and maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force and related organizations
4. Eric Hall, Internet Core Protocols: The Definitive Guide (Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2000), 6, 407
5. See also the key text on computer protocols, W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994)
6. Gilles Deleuze, Negotiations (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), 178
7. Gilles Deleuze, "Having an Idea in Cinema," in Deleuze and Guattari: New Mappings in Politics, Philosophy and Culture, ed. Eleanor Kaufman and Kevin Jon Heller (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), 18; translation modified
8. Overviews of graph theory are contained in any discrete mathematics textbook. See also Gary Chartrand, Introductory Graph Theory (New York: Dover, 1977)
9. For a historical overview, see Norman Biggs, et al., Graph Theory 1736-1936 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976). Graph theory principles are commonly used in communications and network routing problems, as well as in urban planning (road and subway systems), industrial engineering (workflow in a factory), molecular biology (proteomics), and Internet search engines
10. Robert Braden, "Requirements for Internet Hosts," RFC 1123, October 1989
11. See Lily Kay, Who Wrote the Book of Life? A History of the Genetic Code (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000)
12. and Evelyn Fox Keller, Refiguring Life: Metaphors of Twentieth-Century Biology (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995)
13. See Alan Dove, "From Bits to Bases: Computing with DNA," Nature Biotechnology 16 (September 1998): 830-832
14. and Antonio Regalado, "DNA Computing," MIT Technology Review (May/June 2000): http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/regalado0500.asp. Biocomputing includes sub-areas such as protein computing (using enzymatic reactions), membrane computing (using membrane receptors), and even quantum computing (using quantum fluctuations)
15. See Leonard Adleman, "Molecular Computation of Solutions to Combinatorial Problems," Science 266 (11 November 1994): 1021-1024
16. Also see Adleman's follow-up article, "On Constructing a Molecular Computer," First DIMACS Workshop on DNA Based Computers, Vol. 27 (Princeton: DIMACS, 1997), 1-21
17. Deleuze, Negotiations, 180; emphasis added
18. Gilbert Simondon, "The Genesis of the Individual," in Zone 6: Incorporations, ed. Jonathan Crary and Sanford Kwinter (New York: Zone, 1992), 300; emphasis removed from original
19. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, trans. Brian Massumi (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987), 6
20. Antonio Negri, "Approximations," Interactivist Info Exchange (posted 12 November 2002). Available online: http://slash.autonomedia.org
21. Henri Bergson, The Creative Mind, trans. Mabelle Andison (New York: Citadel Press, 1997), 147. Another way of stating this is to suggest that networks have no nodes. Brian Massumi corroborates this when he states that "in motion, a body is in an immediate, unfolding relation to its own nonpresent potential to vary.... A thing is when it isn't doing." Brian Massumi, Parables for the Virtual (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002), 4, 6
22. John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, "The Advent of Netwar," in Arquilla and Ronfeldt, Networks and Netwars, 5
23. See Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), 210
24. Gilles Deleuze, Foucault, trans. Seán Hand (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), 92
25. Deleuze, Foucault, 92; translation modified. The quoted phrases refer to Foucault's History of Sexuality