Pliocene dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy, palaeoecology and sequence stratigraphy of the Tunnel-Canal Dock, Belgium

Geological Magazine

Volumn 146, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 92-112

  De Schepper, Stijn ^a,d   Head, Martin J ^b   Louwye, Stephen ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Dinoflagellate cyst; North Sea; Palynology; Pliocene; Sequence stratigraphy

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; DEPOSITS; DOCKS; HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES;

DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; NORTH SEA; PALYNOLOGY; PLIOCENE; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY;

SAND;

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CONTINENTAL SHELF; DATING METHOD; DEPOSITION; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCE; DINOFLAGELLATE CYST; PALEOECOLOGY; PALYNOLOGY; PLIOCENE; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; TRANSGRESSION;

BELGIUM; BENELUX; EURASIA; EUROPE; WESTERN EUROPE;

DINOPHYCEAE; RUMEX; ZANCLEA;

EID: 65849185434     PISSN: 00167568     EISSN: 14695081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756808005438     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. ANDREW, R. & WEST, R. G. 1977. Pollen spectra from Pliocene Crag at Orford, Suffolk. New Phytologist 78, 709-14.
2. BALSON, P. 1999. The Neogene of eastern England. In British Tertiary Stratigraphy (eds B. Daley & P. Balson), pp. 235-40. Geological Conservation Review Series 15. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
3. BARTOLI, G., SARNTHEIN, M.,WEINELT, M., ERLENKEUSER, H., GARBE-SCHÖNBERG, D. & LEA, D. W. 2005. Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 237, 33-44.
4. BOESSENKOOL, K. P., BRINKHUIS, H., SCHONFELD, J. & TARGARONA, J. 2001. North Atlantic sea-surface temperature changes and the climate of western Iberia during the last deglaciation; a marine palynological approach. Global and Planetary Change 30, 33-9.
5. CAMERON, T. D. J., CROSBY, A., BALSON, P. S., JEFFERY, D. H., LOTT, G. K., BULAT, J. & HARRISON, D. J. 1992. United Kingdom offshore regional report: The geology of the southern North Sea. London: HMSO for the British Geological Survey, 152 pp.
6. COSTA, L. I. & DOWNIE, C. 1979. Cenozoic dinocyst stratigraphy of Sites 403 to 406 (Rockall Plateau), IPOD, Leg 48. In Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports, vol. 48 (eds L. Montadert, D. G. Roberts, O. De Charpal & P. Guennoc), pp. 513-29. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
7. DEHEINZELIN, J. 1950a. Stratigraphie pliocène et quaternaire observée au Kruisschans. I. Analyse stratigraphique. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 26(40), 1-38.
8. DEHEINZELIN, J. 1950b. Stratigraphie pliocène et quaternaire observée au Kruisschans. II. Conclusions. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 41 (26), 1-20.
9. DE HEINZELIN, J. 1952. Notes sur les coupes de l''écluse Baudouin à Anvers. Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie 61, 106-8.
10. DE HEINZELIN, J. 1955a. Considérations nouvelles sur le Néogène de l'Ouest de l'Europe. Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie 64 (3), 463-76.
11. DE HEINZELIN, J. 1955b. Deuxième série d'observations stratigraphiques au Kruisschans. Coupes de l'écluse Baudouin. I. Analyse stratigraphique. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 31(66), 1-29.
12. DE HEINZELIN, J. 1955c. Deuxième série d'observations stratigraphiques au Kruisschans. Coupes de l'écluse Baudouin. II. Conclusions. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 31(67), 1-40.
13. DE JONG, J. 1988. Climatic variability during the past three million years, as indicated by vegetational evolution in northwest Europe and with emphasis on data from The Netherlands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 318, 603-17.
14. DE MEUTER, F. & LAGA, P. 1976. Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy based on benthonic foraminifera of the Neogene deposits in Northern Belgium. Bulletin Belgische Vereniging voor Geologie 85(4), 133-52.
15. DE SCHEPPER, S. & HEAD, M. J. 2008. Age calibration of dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch events in the Pliocene- Pleistocene of the eastern North Atlantic (DSDP Hole 610A). Stratigraphy 5 (2), 137-61.
16. DE SCHEPPER, S., HEAD, M. J. & LOUWYE, S. 2004. New dinoflagellate cyst and incertae sedis taxa from the Pliocene of northern Belgium, southern North Sea Basin. Journal of Paleontology 78, 625-44.
17. DE VERNAL, A. & MUDIE, P. J. 1989. Pliocene and Pleistocene palynostratigraphy at ODP sites 646 and 647, eastern and southern Labrador Sea. In Proceedings of the OceanDrilling Program, Scientific Results, vol. 105 (eds S. P. Srivastava, M. A. Arthur, B. M. Clement et al.), pp. 401-22. College Station, Texas.
18. DOPPERT, J. W. C., LAGA, P. G. & DE MEUTER, F. J. 1979. Correlation of the biostratigraphy of marine Neogene deposits, based on benthonic Foraminifera, established in Belgium and The Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 31, 1-8.
19. DUMONT, A. 1839. Rapport sur les travaux de la Carte géologique. Bulletin de l'Académie Royale de Belgique 6 (2), 479-81.
20. FAIRBANKS, R. G. 1999. A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: Influence of glacial melting rates on the YoungerDryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature 342, 637-42.
21. FENSOME, R. A. & WILLIAMS, G. L. 2004. The Lentin and Williams Index of Fossil Dinoflagellates: 2004 Edition. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Contributions Series 42, 1-909.
22. FUNNELL, B. M. 1995. Global sea-level and the (pen-) insularity of late Cenozoic Britain. In Island Britain: A Quaternary Perspective (ed. R. C. Preece), pp. 3-13. Geological Society of London.
23. FUNNELL, B. M. 1996. Plio-Pleistocene palaeogeography of the southern North Sea Basin (3.75-0.60 Ma). Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 391-405.
24. GAEMERS, P. A. M. 1988. The regional distribution of otolith assemblages; correlation of the interregional zonation with the regional lithostratigraphic formations. In The Northwest European Tertiary Basin (ed. R. Vinken), pp. 379-89. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A, 100.
25. GIBBARD, P. L. 1995. The formation of the Strait of Dover. In Island Britain: A Quaternary Perspective (ed. R. C. Preece), pp. 15-26. Geological Society of London.
26. HACQUAERT, N. 1960. Palynologisch onderzoek van de cenozoische mariene zanden (Scaldisien en Merxemien) van het Hansadok te Antwerpen. Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift 42, 65-112.
27. HACQUAERT, N. 1963. Symposium Stratigraphie Néogène nordique, Gand 1961. Etude palynologique des sables marins scaldisiens et merxémiens du Hansasok à Anvers. Memoires Societé belge de Géologie 8(6-1962), 96-100.
28. HAQ, B. U., HARDENBOL, J. & VAIL, P. R. 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science 235, 1156-66.
29. HARDENBOL, J., THIERRY, J., FARLEY, M. B., JACQUIN, T., DE GRACIANSKY, P.-C. & VAIL, P. R. 1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphic framework of European basins. In Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins (eds P. C. de Graciansky, J. Hardenbol, T. Jacquin & P. R. Vail), pp. 3-29. SEPM Special Publication no. 60. Tulsa, Oklahoma: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).
30. HEAD, M. J. 1993. Dinoflagellate cysts, sporomorphs, and other palynomorphs from the marine uppermost Pliocene St. Erth Beds, Cornwall, southwestern England. The Paleontological Society, Memoir 31 1-62.
31. HEAD, M. J. 1994. Morphology and paleoenvironmental significance of the Cenozoic dinoflagellate genera Tectatodinium and Habibacysta. Micropaleontology 40, 289-321.
32. HEAD, M. J. 1996. Late Cenozoic dinoflagellates from the Royal Society borehole at Ludham, Norfolk, eastern England. Journal of Paleontology 70, 543-70.
33. HEAD, M. J. 1997. Thermophilic dinoflagellate assemblages from the mid Pliocene of eastern England. Journal of Paleontology 71, 165-93.
34. HEAD, M. J. 1998a. Marine environmental change in the Pliocene and early Pleistocene of eastern England: The dinoflagellate evidence reviewed. Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60, 199-226.
35. HEAD, M. J. 1998b. Pollen and dinoflagellates from the Red Crag atWalton-on-the-Naze, Essex: Evidence for a mild climatic phase during the early Late Pliocene of eastern England. Geological Magazine 135, 803-17.
36. HEAD,M. J. & WESTPHAL, H. 1999. Palynology and paleoenvironments of a Pliocene carbonate platform: The Clino core, Bahamas. Journal of Paleontology 73, 1-25.
37. HEAD, M. J. 2003. Neogene occurrences of the marine acritarch genus Nannobarbophora Habib and Knapp, 1982 emend., and the new species N. gedlii. Journal of Paleontology 77, 382-5.
38. HEAD, M. J. & NORRIS, G. 2003. New species of dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs from the latest Miocene and Pliocene of DSDP Hole 603C, western North Atlantic. Journal of Paleontology 77, 1-15.
39. HEAD, M. J., NORRIS, G. & MUDIE, P. J. 1989a. New species of dinocysts and a new species of acritarch from the upper Miocene and lowermost Pliocene, ODP Leg 105, Site 646, Labrador Sea. In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, vol. 105 (eds S. P. Srivastava, M. A. Arthur, B. M. Clement et al.), pp. 453-66. College Station, Texas.
40. HEAD, M. J., NORRIS, G. & MUDIE, P. J. 1989b. Palynology and dinocyst stratigraphy of the upper Miocene and lowermost Pleistocene, ODP Leg 105, Site 646, Labrador Sea. In Proceedings of theOceanDrilling Program, Scientific Results, vol. 105 (eds S. P. Srivastava, M. A. Arthur, B. Clement et al.), pp. 423-51. College Station, Texas.
41. HODELL, D. A., CURTIS, J. H., SIERRO, F. J. & RAYMO, M. E. 2001. Correlation of late Miocene to early Pliocene sequences between the Mediterranean and North Atlantic. Paleoceanography 16, 164-78.
42. HODGSON, G. E. & FUNNELL, B. M. 1987. Foraminiferal biofacies of the early Pliocene Coralline Crag. In Micropalaeontology of Carbonate Environments (ed. M. B. Hart), pp. 44-73. British Micropalaeontological Society Series. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood Ltd.
43. JENKINS, D. G. & HOUGHTON, S. D. 1987. Age, correlation and paleoecology of the St. Erth Beds and the Coralline Crag of England. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 24, 147-56.
44. KIDWELL, S. M. 1989. Stratigraphic condensation of marine transgressive records: Origin of major shell deposits in the Miocene of Maryland. Journal of Geology 97, 1-24.
45. KNÜTTEL, S., RUSSELL, M. D. & FIRTH, J. V. 1989. Neogene calcareous nannofossils from ODP Leg 105; implications for Pleistocene paleoceanographic trends. In Proceedings of theOceanDrilling Program, Scientific Results, vol. 105 (eds S. P. Srivastava, M. A. Arthur, B. M. Clement et al.), pp. 245-62. College Station, Texas.
46. KRIJGSMAN, W., HILGEN, F. J., RAFFI, I., SIERRO, F. J. & WILSON, D. S. 1999. Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature 400, 652-5.
47. KUHLMANN, G. 2004. High resolution stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the southern North Sea during the Neogene Published Ph.D. thesis, Universiteit Utrecht, Geologica Ultraiectina 245, 200 pp.
48. KUHLMANN, G., LANGEREIS, C. G., MUNSTERMAN, D., VAN LEEUWEN, R.-J., VERREUSSEL, R., MEULENKAMP, J. E. & WONG, TH. 2006a. Integrated chronostratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region. Netherlands Journal of Geoscience/Geologie en Mijnbouw 85, 19-35.
49. KUHLMANN, G., LANGEREIS, C., MUNSTERMAN, D., VAN LEEUWEN, R. J., VERREUSSEL, R., MEULENKAMP, J. & WONG, TH. 2006b. Chronostratigraphy of Late Neogene sediments in the southern North Sea Basin and paleonvironmental interpretations. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 239, 426-55.
50. LAGA, P., LOUWYE, S. & GEETS, S. 2002. Paleogene and Neogene lithostratigraphic units (Belgium). Geologica Belgica 4 (2001)(1-2), 135-52.
51. LIGNUM, J., JARVIS, I. & PEARCE, M. A. 2008. A critical assessment of standard processing methods for the preparation of palynological samples. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 149, 133-49.
52. 18O records. Paleoceanography 20(PA1003), 1-17.
53. LOURENS, L., HILGEN, F., SHACKLETON, N. J., LASKAR, J. & WILSON, J. 2005. The Neogene. In A Geologic Time Scale 2004 (eds F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg & A. G. Smith), pp. 409-30. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (imprinted 2004).
54. LOUWYE, S. 2005. The Early and Middle Miocene transgression at the southern border of the North Sea Basin (northern Belgium). Geological Journal 40, 441-56.
55. LOUWYE, S.,DE SCHEPPER, S., LAGA, P. & VANDENBERGHE, N. 2007. The Upper Miocene of the southern North Sea Basin (northern Belgium), a palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphical reconstruction using dinoflagellate cysts. Geological Magazine 144, 33-52.
56. LOUWYE, S., HEAD, M. J. & DE SCHEPPER, S. 2004. Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Pliocene in northern Belgium, southern North Sea Basin. Geological Magazine 141, 353-78.
57. MARQUET, R. 1993. The molluscan fauna of the Kruisschans Member (Lillo Formation, Late Pliocene) in the Antwerp area (Belgium). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 30(3-4), 83-103.
58. MARRET, F. & ZONNEVELD, K. A. F. 2003. Atlas of modern organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst distribution. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 125, 1-200.
59. MEIJER, T., CLEVERINGA, P., MUNSTERMAN, D. K. & VERREUSSEL, R. M. C. H. 2006. The Early Pleistocene Praetiglian and Ludhamian pollen stages in the North Sea Basin and their relationship to the marine isotope record. Journal of Quaternary Science 21, 307-10.
60. MUDIE, P. J. 1987. Palynology and dinoflagellate biostratigraphy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 94, sites 607 and 611, North Atlantic Ocean. In Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports (edsW. F. Ruddiman, R. B. Kidd, J. G. Baldauf et al.), pp. 785-812. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.
61. OVEREEM, I., WELTJE, G. J., BISHOP-KAY, C. & KROONENBERG, S. B. 2001. The Late Cenozoic Eridanos delta system in the Southern North Sea Basin: A climate signal in sediment supply? Basin Research 13 293-312.
62. PIASECKI, S. 2003. Neogene dinoflagellate cysts from Davis Strait, offshore West Greenland. Marine and Petroleum Geology 20, 1075-88.
63. ROCHON, A., DE VERNAL, A., TURON, J. L., MATTHIESSEN, J. & HEAD,M. J. 1999. Distribution of recent dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas in relation to sea-surface parameters. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Contributions Series 35, 146 pp.
64. SALVADOR, A. (ed.) 1994. International Stratigraphic Guide (Second Edition). Boulder, Colorado: Geological Survey of America, 214 pp.
65. SCHRANK, E. 1988. Effects of chemical processing on the preservation of peridinioid dinoflagellates: A case from the late Cretaceous of NE Africa. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 56, 123-40.
66. STOCKMARR, J. 1971. Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis. Pollen et Spores 13, 615-21.
67. STURROCK, S. J. 1996. Biostratigraphy. In Sequence Stratigraphy (eds D. Emery & K. J. Myers), pp. 89-107. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
68. TAVERNIER, R. & DE HEINZELIN, J. 1962. Introduction au Néogène de la Belgique. Mémoires de la Société belge de géologie, de paléontologie et d'hydrologie 6, 1-28.
69. VANDENBERGHE, N., HERMAN, J., LAGA, P., LOUWYE, S., DE SCHEPPER, S., VANDENBERGHE, J., BIHNCKE, S. & KONERT, M. 2002. The stratigraphic position of a Pliocene tidal clay deposit at Grobbendonk (Antwerp Province, Belgium). Geologica Belgica 3, 405-17 (imprinted 2000).
70. VANDENBERGHE, N.,LAGA, P.,STEURBAUT, E.,HARDENBOL, J. & VAIL, P. 1998. Tertiary sequence stratigraphy at the southern border of the North Sea Basin in Belgium. In Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy of European Basins (eds P.-C. de Graciansky, J. Hardenbol, T. Jacquin & P. Vail), pp. 119-54. SEPM Special Publication no. 60. Tulsa, Oklahoma: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).
71. VANDENBERGHE, N., VAN SIMAEYS, S., STEURBAUT, E., JAGT, J. W. M. & FELDER, P. J. 2004. Stratigraphic architecture of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic along the southern border of the North Sea Basin. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 83, 55-171.
72. VAN VLIET-LANOË, B., VANDENBERGHE, N., LAURENT, M., LAIGNEL, B., LAURIAT-RAGE, A., LOUWYE, S., MANSY, J.-L., MERCIER, D., HALEGOUËT, B., LAGA, P., LAQUEMENT, F.,MEILLIEZ, F.,MICHEL, Y.,MOGUEDET, G. & VIDIER, J.-P. 2002. Palaeogeographic evolution of northwestern Europe during the Upper Cenozoic. Geodiversitas 24, 511-41.
73. VERSTEEGH, G. J. M. 1997. The onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciations and their impact on dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs from the Singa section, Calabria (southern Italy) and DSDP Holes 607/607A (North Atlantic). Marine Micropaleontology 30, 319-43.
74. VERSTEEGH, G. J. M. & ZONNEVELD, K. A. F. 1994. Determination of (palaeo-)ecological preferences of dinoflagellates by applying Detrended and Canonical Correspondence analysis to Late Pliocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the south Italian Singa section. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 84, 181-99.
75. WALL, D. & DALE, B. 1966. Living fossils inwestern Atlantic plankton. Nature 211, 1025-7.
76. WOOD, A. M., WHATLEY, R. C., CRONIN, T. M. & HOLTZ, T. 1993. Pliocene palaeotemperature reconstruction for the southern North Sea based on Ostracoda. Quaternary Science Reviews 12, 747-67.
77. ZAGWIJN, W. H. & DOPPERT, J.W. C. 1978. Upper Cenozoic of the southern North Sea Basin: Palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic evolution. Geologie en Mijnbouw 57, 577-88.
78. ZAGWIJN, W. H. & VAN STAALDUINEN, C. J. 1975. Toelichting bij Geologische Overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Haarlem: Rijks Geologische Dienst, 134 pp.
79. ZIEGLER, P.A. 1990. Geological Atlas ofWestern and Central Europe. Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij and Geological Society London, 239 pp.
80. ZONNEVELD, K. A. F., BOCKELMANN, F. & HOLZWARTH, U. 2007. Selective preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as a tool to quantify past net primary production and bottom water oxygen concentrations. Marine Geology 237, 109-26.
81. ZONNEVELD, K. A. F., VERSTEEGH, G. J. M. & DE LANGE, G. J. 1997. Preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in different oxygen regimes: A 10,000 year natural experiment. Marine Micropaleontology 29, 393-405.
82. ZONNEVELD, K. A. F., VERSTEEGH, G. J. M. & DE LANGE, G. J. 2001. Palaeoproductivity and post-depositional aerobic organic matter decay reflected by dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the Eastern Mediterranean S1 sapropel. Marine Geology 172, 181-95.