Architecture as the built message of power: Buenos Aires under Evita's spell

Journal of Architecture

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 225-239

  Del Rosario Betti, Maria ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE BELGRANO   (Argentina)

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EID: 65849094285     PISSN: 13602365     EISSN: 14664410     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13602360600786183     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Horacio Moyano Navarro, 'Arquitectura y Estado', Nuestra Arquitectura (February, 1945), p. 319. The comment should be understood as an elliptic reference to the cultural policies developed by the Peronist government.
2. Perhaps we could consider a third phase, linked to the advent of the motorways and their role as urban vectors, but that exceeds the scope of the present work.
3. A more extensive exposition on these matters can be found in Alberto Nicolini: 'Lugares Comunes de Historia Urbana', Bs. As. Academia Nacional de Historia, Investigación y Ensayos, 48 (1998).
4. Ferrari Hardoy desired the presence of Le Corbusier in Buenos Aires. He was committed to the ideals of the CIAM and was responsible for the Buenos Aires Urban Plan (EPBA) that proposed to produce buildings inspired by Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation. His ideas were partially applied in Bajo Belgrano. The Plan was abandoned in 1949.
5. Geoffrey Broadbent, 'Neoclasicismo', Summarios (September, 1982), p. 4.
6. The reference to Manfredo Tafuri is taken from the work by Anahi Ballent, 'Las estéticas de la política: Arquitectura y Ciudad. El peronismo en Buenos Aires, 1945 -1955', Arte y Poder (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 1993), p. 177.
7. Perón was not only displaced from his position in the Ministry of Work, he was also put in jail. As the historian Félix Luna wrote, what occurred on October 17th met with passivity from the Army and gave birth to a new political plan that dominated the next ten years: a government supported both by the Workers Union Movement and the Armed Forces. Breve Historia de los Argentinos (Buenos Aires, Planeta, 1996), p. 213.
8. The revolution that removed Perón from his political position was headed by General Lonardi.
9. Jorge Glusberg, Breve Historia de la Arquitectura Argentina (Buenos Aires, Claridad, 1991), pp. 213-227.
10. Ricardo Rojas (1882-1957) was a poet and writer of a nationalist political orientation. He was Dean of the University of Buenos Aires.
11. Before the Perón governments, direction of the Central Bank included representatives of the private and public banking sectors.
12. Achieved after a modification to the Constitution.
13. A good example is the petroleum project agreed with the American Business California Company, that involved the delivery of 49.000 sq km of land (with a base and flag) in Patagonia, denounced by the socialist representative Dr Alfredo Palacios in April, 1955 in a speech that was quickly censored.
14. The Department of Construction of the FEP initiated its activities in 1948, in the environment of the National Directorate of Social Aid. Participants were the engineer Bonani, the engineer Dupeyrón and the architect Sabaté, who was a City Mayor between the years 1952 and 1954.
15. Moyano Navarro wrote a prophetic critical article quoting Jefferson: 'the best government is the one that governs the least' and thus demonstrated how much he disapproved of the control of the state in cultural production. 'Arquitectura y Estado', Nuestra Arquitectura (February, 1945), p. 318.
16. In Germany, the neoclassical style dominated by Speer, with its particular aims, was not free of the syncretism of such predecessors as Schinkel and von Klenze: this twentieth century 'new' neo-classicism was a clear synthesis of that 'old' neo-classicism, but in the context of fresh political demands.
17. Geoffrey Broadbent, 'Neoclasicismo', op. cit.
18. The frustration and subsequent reaction that this situation produced for Eva is quite sharply portrayed in Alan Parker's film, Evita.
19. In the process of defining national identity, initiated during the 1920s and 1930s, all that referred back to the 'colonial' was valid, although this was remote in place and time from contemporary Argentina.
20. After a while a conceptual change occurred in the State's focus upon the resolution of the need for dwellings. Growing demand moved the emphasis from individual units to collective dwelling, and thus the age of rationalist buildings began. Cubic forms, free ground floors, grouped service areas were adopted, for instance in the 17 de October neighbourhood.
21. Or three, if we include the impact of plans for collective dwelling, or four, if we consider other issues.
22. From 1951 to 1955 La Pampa was known as Eva Perón and Chaco was known as Presidente Perón.
23. Nietzsche, The Twilight of the Gods; quoted by Moyano Navarro in 'Arquitectura y Estado', op. cit., p. 319.
24. Rudolf Rocker, Nacionalismo y Cultura; ibid., p. 319.
25. o 60, 1982).
26. Fernández, Roberto, La ilusión proyectural, una historia de la arquitectura argentina (Secretaría de Extension Universitaria, Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño Industrial, U N Mar del Plata, 1996).
27. Glusberg, Jorge, Breve historia de la arquitectura argentina (Buenos Aires, Claridad, 1991).
28. Luna, Félix, Breve historia de los argentinos (Buenos Aires, Planeta, 1993).
29. Nicolini, Alberto, 'lugares comunes en historia urbana', Investigación y Ensayos, 48 (Buenos Aires, Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1998).
30. Documentas para una historia de la arquitectura Argentina, 3rd edition (Buenos Aires, Ediciones Summa, S.A., 1984).
31. Ballent, Anahí, 'Las estéticas de la política: Arquitectura y Ciudad. El peronismo en Buenos Aires, 1945-1955', Arte y Poder, V (Buenos Aires, Jornadas de Teorias e Historia de las Artes, CAIA, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1993).
32. o 1 (Buenos Aires, Centro de Estudios de Arquitectura Contemporánea, Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Buenos Aires, August, 1997).
33. Gutiérrez, Ramón, 'Arquitectura Imperial'. Período 7. Nacionalismo Popular (1943 - 1955), Summa, #105, Buenos Aires (October, 1976).
34. Ortiz, Federico, 'Resumen de la Arquitectura Argentina desde 1925 hasta 1950'. Summa Historia. Período 7. Nacionalismo Popular (1943-1955) (Buenos Aires, S/D).
35. Cavallo, Jorge; Hilger, Carlos; Larrañaga, Isabel; Petrina, Alberto, 'Análisis crítico del diseño arquitectónico en el período'. Período 7. Nacionalismo Popular (1943 - 1955), Summa, #109, Buenos Aires (February, 1977).
36. Moyano Navarro, Horacio, 'Arquitectura y Estado', Nuestra Arquitectura, Buenos Aires (February, 1945).
37. Nuestra Arquitectura, several articles published in the following issues: July, 1945; August, 1945; September, 1945; October, 1945; January, 1948; February, 1948; December, 1952.