Timing of volcanism and evolution of the northern Kenya Rift

Geological Magazine

Volumn 146, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 34-47

  McDougall, Ian ^a   Brown, Francis H ^b  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cenozoic volcanism; K Ar dating; Kenya Rift; Turkana

Indexed keywords

BASALT; GEOLOGIC MODELS; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; PETROLEUM PROSPECTING; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; TIMING CIRCUITS; VOLCANOES;

AMPHIBOLITE FACIES; CENOZOIC VOLCANISM; K-AR DATING; KENYA RIFT; METAMORPHIC BASEMENTS; SEDIMENTARY PACKAGES; SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE; TURKANA;

POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS;

AMPHIBOLITE FACIES; BASEMENT ROCK; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; EOCENE; METAMORPHIC ROCK; OLIGOCENE; PAN AFRICAN OROGENY; POTASSIUM-ARGON DATING; THOLEIITIC BASALT; UNCONFORMITY; UPLAND REGION; VOLCANISM;

AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; EAST AFRICAN LAKES; EAST AFRICAN RIFT; KENYA; KENYA RIFT; LAKE TURKANA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 65749109312     PISSN: 00167568     EISSN: 14695081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756808005347     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. ANYONGE, W. 1991. Fauna from a new Lower Miocene locality west of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11, 378-90.
2. ARAMBOURG, C. 1935. Mission scientifique de l'Omo, 1932-1933, 1 (Géologie Anthropologie). Bulletin Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris.
3. ARAMBOURG, C. & WOLFF, R. G. 1969. Nouvelles données paléontologique sur l'âge des "grès du Lubur" (Turkana grits) à l'Ouest du lac Rodolphe. Compte Rendus Sommaire des Séances de la Socit́ ́Géologique de France 6, 190-2.
4. BELLIENI, G., JUSTIN VISENTIN, E., ZANETTIN, B., PICCIRILLO, E. M., RADICATI DI BROZOLO, F. & RITA, F. 1981. Oligocene transitional tholeiitic magmatism in northern Kenya: Comparison with the coeval Ethiopian volcanism. Bulletin Volcanologique 44, 411-27.
5. BONINI, M., CORTI, G., INNOCENTI, F., MANETTI, P., MAZZARINI, F., ABEBE, T. & PECKSAY, Z. 2005. Evolution of the Main Ethiopian Rift in the frame of Afar andKenya rifts propagation. Tectonics 24, TC1007, doi:10.1029/2004TC001680 (21 pp.).
6. BOSCHETTO, H. B., BROWN, F. H. & MCDOUGALL, I. 1992. Stratigraphy of the Lothidok Range, northern Kenya, and K/Ar ages of its Miocene primates. Journal of Human Evolution 22, 47-71.
7. BROWN, F. H. & NASH, W. P. 1976. Radiometric dating and tuff mineralogy of Omo Group deposits. In Earliest Man and Environments in the Lake Rudolf Basin (eds Y. Coppens, F. C. Howell, G. Ll. Isaac & R. E. F. Leakey), pp. 50-63. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
8. CAHEN, L., SNELLING, N. J., DELHAL, J. & VAIL, J. R. 1984. The Geochronology and Evolution of Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 512 pp.
9. CALAIS, E., EBINGER, C., HARTNADY, C. & NOCQUET, J. M. 2006. Kinematics of the East African Rift from GPS and earthquake slip data. In The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System (eds G. Yirgu, C. J. Ebinger & P. K. H. Maguire), pp. 9-22. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 259.
10. DAVIDSON, A. 1983. The Omo River Project. Reconnaissance geology and geochemistry of parts of Ilubabor, Kefa, Gemu Gofa and Sidamo, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Institute of Geological Surveys, Bulletin 2 89 pp.
11. DAVIDSON, A. & REX, D. C. 1980. Age of volcanism and rifting in southwestern Ethiopia. Nature 283, 657-8.
12. DODSON, R. G. 1971. Geology of the area south of Lodwar, Degree Sheet 18, N.E. Quarter. Geological Survey of Kenya, Report no. 87, 36 pp.
13. DUNKELMAN, T. J., ROSENDAHL, B. R. & KARSON, J. A. 1989. Structure and stratigraphy of the Turkana Rift from seismic reflection data. Journal of African Earth Sciences 8, 489-510.
14. EBINGER, C. J., BECHTEL, T. D., FORSYTH, D. W. & BOWIN, C. O. 1989. Effective elastic plate thickness beneath the East African and Afar Plateaus and dynamic compensation of the uplifts. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 2883-901.
15. EBINGER, C. J., YEMANE, T.,WOLDEGABRIEL, G.,ARONSON, J. L. & WALTER, R. C. 1993. Late Eocene-Recent volcanism and faulting in the southern main Ethiopian rift. Journal of the Geological Society, London 150, 99-108.
16. EBINGER, C. J., YEMANE, T., HARDING, D. J., TESFAYE, S., KELLEY, S. & REX, D. C. 2000. Rift deflection, migration, and propagation: Linkage of the Ethiopian and Eastern rifts, Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, 163-76.
17. FAIRBURN, W. A. & MATHIESON, F. J. 1970. Geology of the Loiya-Lorugumu Area, Degree Sheets 17, N.E. Quarter and 18, N.W. Quarter Geological Survey of Kenya, Report no. 85, 52 pp.
18. FERNANDES, R. M. S., AMBROSIUS, B. A. C., NOOMEN, R., BASTOS, L., COMBRINCK, L., MIRANDA, J. M. & SPAKMAN, W. 2004. Angular velocities of Nubia and Somalia from continuous GPS data: Implications on present-day relative kinematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 222, 197-208.
19. FURMAN, T., KALETA, K. M., BRYCE, J. G. & HANAN, B. B. 2006. Tertiary mafic lavas of Turkana, Kenya: Constraints on East African plume structure and the occurrence of high-μ volcanism in Africa. Journal of Petrology 47, 1221-44.
20. GEORGE, R., ROGERS, N. & KELLEY, S. 1998. Earliest magmatism in Ethiopia: Evidence for two mantle plumes in one flood basalt province. Geology 26, 923-6.
21. GRADSTEIN, F., OGG, J. & SMITH, A. 2005. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 589 pp.
22. HAILEAB, B., BROWN, F. H., MCDOUGALL, I. & GATHOGO, P. N. 2004. Gombe Group basalts and initiation of Pliocene deposition in the Turkana depression, northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. Geological Magazine 141, 41-53.
23. HENDRIE, D. B., KUSZNIR, N. J., MORLEY, C. K. & EBINGER, C. J. 1994. Cenozoic extension in northern Kenya: A quantitative model of rift basin development in the Turkana region. Tectonophysics 236, 409-38.
24. JOUBERT, P. 1966. Geology of the Loperot Area, Degree Sheet 18, S.E. Quarter. Geological Survey of Kenya, Report no. 74, 52 pp.
25. KEY, R. M. & WATKINS, R. T. 1988. Geology of the Sabarei area Mines and Geology Department, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Nairobi, Kenya, Report no. 111, 57 pp.
26. LEAKEY, M. G. & HARRIS, J.M. 2003. Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. New York: Columbia University Press, 678 pp.
27. LEAKEY, M. G., UNGAR, P. S. & WALKER, A. 1995. A new genus of large primate from the Late Oligocene of Lothidok, Turkana District, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 28, 519-31.
28. LEAKEY, R. E. & LEAKEY, M. G. 1986. A second new Miocene hominoid from Kenya. Nature 324, 146-8.
29. LEAKEY, R. E. & LEAKEY, M. G. 1987. A new small-bodied Miocene ape from Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 16, 369-87.
30. LEAKEY, R. E. F. & WALKER, A. 1985. New higher primates from the early Miocene of Buluk, Kenya. Nature 318, 173-5.
31. MCDOUGALL, I. & FEIBEL, C. S. 1999. Numerical age control for the Miocene-Pliocene succession at Lothagam, a hominoid-bearing sequence in the northern Kenya Rift. Journal of the Geological Society, London 156, 731-45.
32. MCDOUGALL, I. & WATKINS, R. T. 1985. Age of hominoid-bearing sequence at Buluk, northern Kenya. Nature 318, 175-8.
33. MCDOUGALL, I. & WATKINS, R. T. 1988. Potassium-argon ages of volcanic rocks from northeast of Lake Turkana, northern Kenya. Geological Magazine 125, 15-23.
34. MCDOUGALL, I. & WATKINS, R. T. 2006. Geochronology of the Nabwal Hills: A record of earliest magmatism in the northern Kenya Rift Valley. Geological Magazine 143, 25-39.
35. MOHR, P. 1983. Ethiopian flood basalt province. Nature 303, 577-84.
36. MORLEY, C. K. (ed.) 1999. Geoscience of Rift Systems - Evolution of East Africa. American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), Studies in Geology no. 44, 242 pp.
37. MORLEY, C. K., NGENOH, D. K. & EGO, J. K. 1999. Introduction to the East African Rift System. In Geoscience of Rift Systems - Evolution of East Africa (ed. C. K. Morley), pp. 1-18. Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), Studies in Geology no. 44.
38. MORLEY, C. K., WESCOTT, W. A., STONE, D. M., HARPER, R. M., WIGGER, S. T. & KARANJA, F. M. 1992. Tectonic evolution of the northern Kenya Rift. Journal of the Geological Society, London 149, 333-48.
39. MORLEY, C. K., WESCOTT, W. A., STONE, D. M., HARPER, R. M., WIGGER, S. T., DAY, R. A. & KARANJA, F. M. 1999. Geology and geophysics of the western Turkana basins, Kenya. In Geoscience of Rift Systems - Evolution of East Africa (ed. C. K. Morley), pp. 19-54. Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), Studies in Geology no. 44.
40. PIK, R., MARTY, B., CARIGNAN, J., YIRGU, G. & AYALEW, T. 2008. Timing of East African Rift development in southern Ethiopia: Implication for mantle plume activity and evolution of topography. Geology 36, 167-70.
41. RAJA, P. K. S., REILLY, T. A. & MUSSETT, A. E. 1966. The paleomagnetism of the Turkana lavas. Journal of Geophysical Research 71, 1217-22.
42. REILLY, T. A., MUSSETT, A. E., RAJA, P. K. S., GRASTY, R. L. & WALSH, J. 1966. Age and polarity of the Turkana lavas, north-west Kenya. Nature 210, 1145-6.
43. ROGERS, N. W. 2006. Basaltic magmatism and the geodynamics of the East African Rift System. In The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System (eds G. Yirgu, C. J. Ebinger & P. K. H. Maguire), pp. 77-93. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 259.
44. STEIGER, R. H. & JÄGER, E. 1977. Subcommission on Geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 36, 359-62.
45. VETEL, W. & Le GALL, B. 2006. Dynamics of prolonged continental extension in magmatic rifts: The Turkana Rift case study (NorthKenya). In The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System (eds G. Yirgu, C. J. Ebinger & P. K. H. Maguire), pp. 209-33. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 259.
46. WALSH, J. & DODSON, R. G. 1969. Geology of Northern Turkana: Degree Sheets 1, 2, 9 and 10. Geological Survey of Kenya, Report no. 82, 42 pp.
47. WATKINS, R. T. 1986. Volcano-tectonic control on sedimentation in the Koobi Fora sedimentary basin, Lake Turkana. In Sedimentation in the African Rifts (eds L. E. Frosdick, R. W. Renaut, I. Read & J. J. Tiercelin), pp. 85-94. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 25. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
48. WILLIAMSON, P. G. & SAVAGE, R. J. G. 1986. Early rift sedimentation in the Turkana basin, northern Kenya. In Sedimentation in the African Rifts (eds L. E. Fostick, R. W. Renaut, I. Reid & J. J. Tiercelin), pp. 267-83. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 25. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
49. WOLDEGABRIEL, G., YEMANE, T., SUWA, G., WHITE, T. & ASFAW, B. 1991. Age of volcanism and rifting in the Burgi-Soyoma area, Amaro Horst, southern Main Ethiopian Rift: Geo- and biochronologic data. Journal of African Earth Sciences 13, 437-47.
50. ZANETTIN, B., JUSTIN VISENTIN, E., BELLIENI, G., PICCIRILLO, A. M. & RITA, F. 1983. Le volcanisme du basin du Nord-Turkana (Kenya): Age succession et evolution structurale. Bulletin des Centre de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine 7, 249-55.