Experiences with a top layer of gravel to enhance the performance of vertical flow constructed wetlands at cold temperatures

Water Science and Technology

Volumn 59, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1111-1116

  Langergraber, Guenter ^a   Pressl, Alexander ^a   Leroch, Klaus ^b   Rohrhofer, Roland ^b   Haberl, Raimund ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES   (Austria)

^b OKOREAL GmbH   (Austria)

Author keywords

Gravel layer; Insulation; Vertical flow; Winter operation

Indexed keywords

COLD TEMPERATURES; COMMON REED; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; GRAIN SIZE; HYDRAULIC LOADING; IN-BETWEEN; MEDIAN VALUE; ORGANIC MATTER; OXYGEN TRANSFER; PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS; REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES; SECOND PHASE; SURFACE AREA; TREATED WASTEWATER; VERTICAL FLOW; VERTICAL FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; VERTICAL FLOWS; WINTER OPERATION;

AGRICULTURE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; EFFLUENTS; GRAVEL; LOADING; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN; REMOVAL; WASTEWATER; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WETLANDS;

THERMAL INSULATION;

ORGANIC MATTER;

AIR TEMPERATURE; AQUATIC PLANT; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; EFFLUENT; GRAVEL; ORGANIC MATTER; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; TEMPERATURE EFFECT;

ARTICLE; AUSTRIA; COLD; COLD ACCLIMATIZATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; EFFLUENT STANDARD; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; GRAIN; HYDRAULIC PERMEABILITY; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WINTER;

COLD TEMPERATURE; WETLANDS;

PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS;

EID: 65649137358     PISSN: 02731223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.085     Document Type: Article

References (9)

1. l.AEVkA 1996 1. Abwasseremissionsverordnung fur kommunales Abwasser (Austrian regulation for emissions from domestic wastewater). BGB1.210/1996, Vienna, Austria, (in German).
2. Langergraber, G. &Haberl, R. 2001 Constructed wetlands for water treatment. Minerva Biotecnologica 13(2), 123-134.
3. Langergraber, G., Prandtstetten, C., Pressl, A., Haberl, R. &Rohrhofer, R. 2007 Removal efficiency of subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands for different organic loads. Water Sci. Technol. 56(3), 75-84.
4. Langergraber, G., Leroch, K., Pressl, A., Rohrhofer, R. &Haberl, R. 2008 A two-stage subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland for high-rate nitrogen removal. Water Sci. Technol. 57(12), 1881-1887.
5. Nivala, J., Hoos, M. B., Cross, C, Wallace, S. &Parkin, G. 2007 Treatment of landfill leachate using an aerated, horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland. Sci. Total Environ. 380(1-3), 19-27.
6. ONORM B 2505 2008 Bepflanzte Bodenfilter (Pflanzenklaranlagen)-Anwendung, Bemessung, Bau und Betrieb (Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands-Application, dimensioning, installation and operation). Vornorm, 1 July 2008, Osterreichisches Normungsinstitut, Vienna, Austria, (in German).
7. Vymazal, J. 2007 Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Sci. Total Environ. 380(1-3), 48-65. (Pubitemid 46782957)
8. Wallace, S. D., Parkin, G. &Cross, C. 2001 Cold climate wetlands: design and performance. Water Sci. Technol. 44(11-12), 259-265.
9. Winter, K.-J. &Goetz, D. 2003 The impact of sewage composition on the soil clogging phenomena of vertical flow constructed wetlands. Water Sci. Technol. 48(5), 9-14.