Developmental changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activity over the transition to adolescence: Normative changes and associations with puberty

Development and Psychopathology

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 69-85

  Gunnar, Megan R ^a   Wewerka, Sandi ^a   Frenn, Kristin ^a   Long, Jeffrey D ^a   Griggs, Christopher ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT; AGE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; EMOTIONAL STRESS; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; NORMAL HUMAN; PARASYMPATHETIC TONE; PHASE TRANSITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBERTY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALIVA ANALYSIS; SCHOOL CHILD; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL MATURATION; SOCIAL STRESS; SYMPATHETIC TONE; TEMPERAMENT; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; BLOOD; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; MATHEMATICS; PATIENT SELECTION; PHYSIOLOGY; PROBLEM SOLVING; QUESTIONNAIRE; REFERENCE VALUE; SPEECH;

ADOLESCENT; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHILD; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; MALE; MATHEMATICS; PATIENT SELECTION; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; PROBLEM SOLVING; PUBERTY; QUESTIONNAIRES; REFERENCE VALUES; SPEECH;

EID: 65649127162     PISSN: 09545794     EISSN: 14692198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579409000054     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
2. Adam, E. K. (2006). Transactions among trait and state emotion and adolescent diurnal and momentary cortisol activity in naturalistic settings. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 664-679.
3. Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2006). Puberty and depression. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 15, 919-937.
4. Bakeman, R. (2005). Recommended effect size statistics for repeated measures designs. Behavioral Research Methods, 37, 379-384.
5. Blair, C. (2003). Behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation in young children: Relations with self-regulation and adaptation to preschool in children attending head start. Developmental Psychobiology, 42, 301-311.
6. Buske-Kirschbaum, A., Jobst, S., Psych, D., Wustmans, A., Kirschbaum, C., Rauh, W., et al. (1997). Attenuated free cortisol response to psychosocial stress in children with atopic dermatitis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 419-426.
7. Buske-Kirschbaum, A., von Auer, K., Krieger, S., Weis, S., Rauh, W., & Hellhammer, D. (2003). Blunted cortisol responses to psychosocial stress in asthmatic children: A general feature of atopic disease? Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 806-810.
8. Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
9. Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319-333.
10. Clements, A. D., & Parker, R. C. (1998). The relationship between salivary cortisol concentrations in frozen versus mailedsamples. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 613-616.
11. Dahl, R. (2004). Adolescent brain development: A period of opportunities and vulnerabilities. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1021
12. Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 355-391.
13. Fitzmaurice, G. M., Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (2004). Applied longitudinal analysis. New York: Wiley.
14. Gunnar, M. R., & Vazquez, D. (2006). Stress neurobiology and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2. Developmental neuroscience (2nd ed., pp. 533-577). New York: Wiley.
15. Hasler, G., Drevets, W., Manji, H., & Charney, D. (2004). Discovering endophenotypes of major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 1765-1781.
16. Kenny, F. M., Preeyasombat, C., & Migeon, C. J. (1966). Cortisol production rate. II. Normal infants, children and adults. Pediatrics, 37, 34-42.
17. Kenward, M. G., & Roger, J. J. (1997). Small sample inference for fixed effects form restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics, 53, 983-997.
18. Kiess, W., Meidert, R. A., Dressensorfer, K., Schriever, U., Kessler, A., Konig, A., et al. (1995). Salivary cortisol levels throughout childhood and adolescence: Relation with age, pubertal stage, and weight. Pediatric Research, 37, 502-506.
19. Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B. M., Gaab, J., Schommer, N. C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1999). Impact of gender, menstrual cycle phase, and oral contraceptives on the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 154-162.
20. Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K. M., & Hellhammer, D. (1993). The "Trier Social Stress Test" - A tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28, 76-81.
21. Kirschbaum, C., Wust, S., & Hellhammer, D. (1992). Consistent sex differences in cortisol responses to psychological stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54, 648-657.
22. Knutsson, U., Dahlgren, J., Marcus, C., Rosberg, S., Bronnegard, M., Stierna, P., et al. (1997). Circadian cortisol rhythms in healthy boys and girls: Relationship with age, growth, body composition and pubertal development. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 82, 536-540.
23. Kudielka, B. M., Buske-Kirschbaum, A., Hellhammer, D. H., & Kirschbaum, C. (2004). HPA axis responses to laboratory psychosocial stress in healthy elderly adults, younger adults, and children: Impact of age and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 83-98.
24. Lang, P. J. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavior assessment: Computer applications. In J. B. Sidowski, J. H. Johnson, & T. A. Williams (Eds.), Technology in mental health care delivery systems (pp. 119-137). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
25. Legro, R. S., Lin, H. M., Demers, L. M., & Lloyd, T. (2003). Urinary free cortisol increases in adolescent Caucasian females during perimenarche. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 88 215-219.
26. Lenard, Z., Studinger, P., Merisch, B., Kocsis, L., & Kollai, M. (2004). Maturation of cardiovagal function from childhood to young adult age. Circulation, 110, 2307-2011.
27. Lindahl, M., Theorell, T., & Lindblad, F. (2005). Test performance and self-esteem in relation to experienced stress in Swedish sixth and ninth graders: Salivary cortisol levels and psychological reactions to demands. Acta Pediatrica, 94, 489-495.
28. Massin, M., & von Bernuth, G. (1997). Normal ranges of heart rate variability during infancy and childhood. Pediatric Cardiology, 18 297-302.
29. Meyer, S., Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, A. (2001). Major depression and the stress system: A life span perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 565-580.
30. Netherton, C., Goodyer, I., Tamplin, A., & Herbert, J. (2004). Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to puberty and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 125-140.
31. Petersen, A. C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., & Boxer, A. (1988). A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17, 117-133.
32. Porges, S. W. (1985). U.S. Patent No. 4,510,944. Washington, DC: US Patent and Trademark Office.
33. Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. (2003). Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependant change. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 916-931.
34. Scheifbein, V. L., & Susman, E. (2006). Cortisol levels and longitudinal cortisol change as predictors of anxiety in adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 26, 397-413.
35. Schwartz, E. B., Granger, D. A., Susman, E. J., Gunnar, M. R., & Laird, B. (1998). Assessing salivary cortisol in studies of child development. Child Development, 69, 1503-1513.
36. Shirtcliff, E. A., Granger, D. A., Booth, A., & Johnson, D. (2005). Low salivary cortisol levels and externalizing behavior problems in youth. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 167-184.
37. Spear, L. P. (2000). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 417-463.
38. Stroud, L., Foster, E., Handwerger, K., Papandonatos, G. D., Granger, D., Kivlighan, K. T., et al. (2009). Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stress. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 47-68.
39. Stroud, L., Papandonatos, G. D., Williamson, D. E., & Dahl, R. E. (2004). Sex differences in the effects of pubertal development on responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1021, 348-351.
40. Walker, E. F., Walder, D. J., & Reynolds, R. (2001). Developmental changes in cortisol secretion in normal and at-risk youth. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 721-732.
41. Weinstein, D. D., Diforio, D., Schiffman, J., Walker, E., & Bonsall, R. (1999). Minor physical anomalies, dermatoglyphic asymmetries, and cortisol levels in adolescents with schizotypal personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 617-623.