Glass structure changes in CO2-laser writing of long-period fiber gratings in boron-doped single-mode fibers

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 27, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 857-863

  Liu, Yunqi ^a,b   Lee, Ho Wai ^a,c   Chiang, Kin Seng ^a,d   Zhu, Tao ^e   Rao, Yun Jiang ^d  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

^e CHONGQING UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Boron doped fiber; CO2 laser; Glass structure changes; Long period fiber gratings (LPFGs); Stress relaxation

Indexed keywords

ANNEALING TEMPERATURES; BORON-DOPED FIBER; CO2 LASER; GLASS STRUCTURE CHANGES; LASER ENERGY DENSITIES; LASER WRITINGS; LONG-PERIOD FIBER GRATINGS (LPFGS); PHYSICAL EFFECTS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCES; SINGLE-MODE FIBERS;

BORON; DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; DYNAMICS; FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS; GLASS; LASERS; PULSED LASER APPLICATIONS; RESIDUAL STRESSES; SODIUM COMPOUNDS; STRESS RELAXATION;

FIBERS;

EID: 65649126409     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2008.927754     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. A. M. Vengsarkar, P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkins, V. Bhatia, T. Erdogan, and J. E. Sipe, "Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 58-65, Feb. 1996.
2. K. S. Chiang and Q. Liu, "Long-period gratings for application in optical communications," in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Opt. Commun. Netw. 2nd Int. Symp. Adv. Trends in Fiber Opt. Appl. (ICOCN/ATFO 2006 , Chengdu, China, Sep. 2006, pp. 128-133.
3. S. W. James and R. P. Tatam, "Optical fibre long-period grating sensors: Characteristics and application," Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. R49-R61, 2003.
4. 2 laser beams," Electron. Lett., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 302-303, Feb. 1998.
5. C. S. Kim, Y. Han, B. H. Lee, W. T. Han, U. C. Paek, and Y. Chung, "Induction of the refractive index changes in B-doped optical fibers through relaxation of the mechanical stress," Opt. Commun., vol. 185, pp. 337-342, Nov. 2000.
6. 2 laser pulses," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1320-1327, May 2003.
7. V. Grubsky and J. Feinberg, "Rewritable densification gratings in boron-doped fibers," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1279-1281, Jun. 2005.
8. V. Grubsky and J. Feinberg, "Fabrication of axially symmetric long-period fiber gratings with a carbon dioxide laser," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 21, pp. 2299-2298, Nov. 2006.
9. 2-laser pulses," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 132-134, Jan. 2008.
10. Y. Kondo, K. Nouchi, T. Mitsuyu, M. Watanabe, P. Kazansky, and K. Hirao, "Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings by focused irradiation of infrared femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Lett., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 646-648, May 1999.
11. G. Rego, O. Okhotnikov, E. Dianov, and V. Sulimov, "High-temperature stability of long-period fiber gratings using an electric arc," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1574-1579, Oct. 2001.
12. 2 laser radiation," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, no. 21, pp. 1657-1659, Nov. 2001.
13. H. S. Ryu, Y. Park, S. T. Oh, Y. Chung, and D. Y. Kim, "Effect of asymmetric stress relaxation on the polarization-dependent transmission characteristics of a CO laser-written long-period fiber grating," Opt. Lett., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 155-157, Feb. 2003.
14. 2-laser-induced long-period fibre gratings," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 16, pp. 1354-1355, Aug. 2000.
15. R. Slavik, "Coupling to circularly asymmetric modes via long-period gratings made in a standard straight fiber," Opt. Commun., vol. 275, no. 1, pp. 90-93, Jul. 2007.
16. 2-laser written long-period fiber gratings," Opt. Exp., vol. 15, no. 26, pp. 17645-17651, Dec. 2007.
17. C. C. Montarou, T. K. Gaylord, and A. I. Dachevski, "Residual stress profiles in optical fibers determined by the two-waveplate-compensator method," Opt. Commun., vol. 265, no. 1, pp. 29-32, Sep. 2006.
18. A. K. Varshneya, Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses. Boston, MA: Academic, 1994.
19. K. Morishita and Y. Miyake, "Fabrication and resonance wavelength of long-period gratings written in a pure-silica photonic crystal fiber by the glass structure change," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 625-630, Feb. 2004.
20. K. Morishita and A. Kaino, "Adjusting resonance wavelength of long-period fiber gratings by the glass-structure change," Appl. Opt., vol. 44, no. 24, pp. 5018-5023, Aug. 2005.
21. K. Morishita and A. Kaino, "Residual stress effects on post-fabrication resonance wavelength trimming of long-period fiber gratings," in Proc. Optical Fiber Commun. Conf. Expo. Nat. Fiber Optic Eng. Conf. CD-ROM, Washington, DC, 2007, Opt. Soc. Amer. JWA18.
22. Y. Mohanna, J. M. Saugrain, J. C. Rousseau, and P. Ledoux, "Relaxation of internal stresses in optical fibers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1799-1802, Dec. 1990.
23. D. L. Kim, M. Tomozawa, S. Dubois, and G. Orcel, "Fictive temperature measurement of single-mode optical-fiber core and cladding," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1155-1158, Aug. 2001.
24. G. Rego, O. V. Ivanov, and P. V. S. Marques, "Demonstration of coupling to symmetric and antisymmetric cladding modes in arc-induced long-period fiber gratings," Opt. Exp., vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 9594-9599, Oct. 2006.