메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 363-389

A new stress-based model of political extremism: Personal exposure to terrorism, psychological distress, and exclusionist political attitudes

Author keywords

Extremism; Minority rights; Political attitudes; Psychological distress; Stress; Terrorism; Threat perceptions

Indexed keywords


EID: 65549102994     PISSN: 00220027     EISSN: 15528766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022002709333296     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (249)

References (91)
  • 3
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    • 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4 th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 6
    • 84937966892 scopus 로고
    • A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self-esteem
    • Bagozzi, Richard P., and Todd F. Heatherton. 1994. A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self-esteem. Structural Equation Modeling 1: 35-67.
    • (1994) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.1 , pp. 35-67
    • Bagozzi Richard, P.1    Heatherton., T.F.2
  • 8
    • 0012375194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling
    • Bandalos, Deborah L. 2002. The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling 9: 78-102.
    • (2002) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.9 , pp. 78-102
    • Bandalos Deborah, L.1
  • 10
    • 0035324783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effect of a Major Event on Stereotyping: Terrorist Attacks in Israel and Israeli Adolescents' Perceptions of Palestinians, Jordanians and Arabs
    • DOI 10.1002/ejsp.43
    • Bar-Tal, Daniel, and Daniela Labin. 2001. The effect of a major event on stereotyping: Terrorist attacks in Israel and Israeli adolescents' perceptions of Palestinians, Jordanians, and Arabs. European Journal of Social Psychology 31: 265-80. (Pubitemid 33275204)
    • (2001) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-280
    • Bar-Tal, D.1    Labin, D.2
  • 11
    • 0042709624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel
    • Bleich, Avraham, Marc Gelkopf, and Zahava Solomon. 2003. Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel. Journal of the American Medical Association 290: 612-20.
    • (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.290 , pp. 612-20
    • Avraham, B.1    Gelkopf, M.2    Solomon, Z.3
  • 12
    • 34248393566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservative shift among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attacks
    • Bonanno, George A., and John T. Jost. 2006. Conservative shift among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attacks. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 28 (4). 311-23.
    • (2006) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 311-23
    • Bonanno George, A.1    Jost., J.T.2
  • 13
    • 33846805404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting analyses of covariance structures
    • Boomsma, Anne. 2000. Reporting analyses of covariance structures. Structural Equation Modeling 7: 461-82.
    • (2000) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.7 , pp. 461-82
    • Anne, B.1
  • 14
    • 40449099102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life, pocketbook, or culture: The role of perceived security threats in promoting exclusionist political attitudes toward minorities in Israel
    • Canetti-Nisim, Daphna, Gal Ariely, and Eran Halperin. 2008. Life, pocketbook, or culture: The role of perceived security threats in promoting exclusionist political attitudes toward minorities in Israel. Political Research Quarterly 61: 90-103.
    • (2008) Political Research Quarterly , vol.61 , pp. 90-103
    • Daphna, C.1    Ariely, G.2    Halperin, E.3
  • 15
    • 0038405162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributory factors to Political xenophobia in a multicultural society: The case of Israel
    • Canetti-Nisim, Daphna, and Ami Pedahzur, 2003. Contributory factors to Political xenophobia in a multicultural society: The case of Israel. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 27 (3). 307-33.
    • (2003) International Journal of Intercultural Relations , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-33
    • Daphna, C.1    Pedahzur, A.2
  • 17
    • 0003498742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jerusalem : Central Bureau of Statistics.
    • 2006. Statistical abstract of Israel. Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics.
    • (2006) Statistical Abstract of Israel
  • 18
    • 0031038833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anger regulation deficits in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1024852228908
    • Chemtob, Claude M., Raymond W. Novaco, Roger S. Hamada, Douglas M. Gross, and Gary Smith. 1997. Anger regulation deficits in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Trauma Stress 10: 17-36. (Pubitemid 27089101)
    • (1997) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-36
    • Chemtob, C.M.1    Novaco, R.W.2    Hamada, R.S.3    Gross, D.M.4    Smith, G.5
  • 20
    • 0037793111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of education on nationalism and ethnic exclusionism: An international comparison
    • Coenders, Marcel, and Peer Scheepers. 2003. The effect of education on nationalism and ethnic exclusionism: An international comparison. Political Psychology 24 (2). 313-43.
    • (2003) Political Psychology , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 313-43
    • Marcel, C.1    Scheepers, P.2
  • 21
    • 0037676367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice
    • Mark P. Zanna, San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • Duckitt, John. 2001. A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 33, ed. Mark P. Zanna, 41-113. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (2001) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 41-113
    • John, D.1
  • 22
    • 4544376156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of social threat on worldview and ideological attitudes
    • Duckitt, John, and Kirsten Fisher. 2003. The impact of social threat on worldview and ideological attitudes. Political Psychology 24 (1). 199-222. (Pubitemid 36836892)
    • (2003) Political Psychology , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 199-222
    • Duckitt, J.1    Fisher, K.2
  • 23
    • 33751082672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the relationship between religion and political tolerance in the U.S
    • Eisenstein, Marie A. 2006. Rethinking the relationship between religion and political tolerance in the U.S. Political Behavior 28: 327-48.
    • (2006) Political Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 327-48
    • Eisenstein Marie, A.1
  • 25
    • 0027894189 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Foa, Edna B., David S. Riggs, Constance V. Dancu, and Barbara O. Rothbaum. 1993. Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress 6: 459-73.
    • (1993) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.6 , pp. 459-73
    • Foa Edna, B.1    Riggs, D.S.2    Dancu, C.V.3    Rothbaum., B.O.4
  • 27
    • 34547947032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Participation Rates in Epidemiologic Studies
    • DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.013, PII S1047279707001470
    • Galea, Sandro, and Melissa Tracy. 2007. Participation rates in epidemiologic studies. Annals of Epidemiology 17: 643-53. (Pubitemid 47268775)
    • (2007) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 643-653
    • Galea, S.1    Tracy, M.2
  • 28
    • 0000407044 scopus 로고
    • The causes and consequences of the need for self-esteem: A terror management theory
    • Roy F. Baumeister, New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • Greenberg, Jeff, Tom Pyszczynski, and Sheldon Solomon. 1986. The causes and consequences of the need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. In Public self and private self, ed. Roy F. Baumeister, 189-212. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1986) Public Self and Private Self , pp. 189-212
    • Jeff, G.1    Pyszczynski, T.2    Sheldon, Solomon.3
  • 29
    • 0010652744 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for terror Management theory II: The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview
    • Greenberg, Jeff, Tom Pyszczynski, Sheldon Solomon, Abram Rosenblatt, Mitchel Veeder, Shari Kirkland, and Deborah Lyon. 1990. Evidence for terror Management theory II: The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58: 308-18.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 308-18
    • Jeff, G.1    Pyszczynski, T.2    Solomon, S.3    Rosenblatt, A.4    Veeder, M.5    Kirkland, S.6    Lyon, D.7
  • 30
    • 58449120030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional antecedents of political intolerance: The central role of group-based hatred
    • Halperin, Eran, Daphna Canetti-Nisim, and Sivan Hirsch-Hoefler. 2009. Emotional antecedents of political intolerance: The central role of group-based hatred. Political Psychology. 30: 93-123.
    • (2009) Political Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 93-123
    • Eran, H.1    Canetti-Nisim, D.2    Hirsch-Hoefler, S.3
  • 31
    • 34247847944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threatened by the uncontrollable: Psychological and socio-economic antecedents of social distance toward labor migrants in Israel
    • Halperin, Eran, Daphna Canetti-Nisim, and Ami Pedahzur. 2007. Threatened by the uncontrollable: Psychological and socio-economic antecedents of social distance toward labor migrants in Israel. International Journal of Inter-Cultural Relations 31: 459-78.
    • (2007) International Journal of Inter-Cultural Relations , vol.31 , pp. 459-78
    • Eran, H.1    Canetti-Nisim, D.2    Ami, Pedahzur.3
  • 34
    • 0041077292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory
    • 2001. The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review 50: 337-421. (Pubitemid 33589814)
    • (2001) Applied Psychology , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-421
    • Hobfoll, S.E.1
  • 35
    • 33744480781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among a nationally representative sample in Israel
    • Hobfoll, Steven E., Daphna Canetti-Nisim, and Robert J. Johnson. 2006. Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among a nationally representative sample in Israel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74: 207-18.
    • (2006) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 207-18
    • Hobfoll Steven, E.1    Canetti-Nisim, D.2    Johnson., R.J.3
  • 36
    • 41549120595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in Israel
    • Hobfoll, Steven E., Daphna Canetti-Nisim, Robert J. Johnson, Patrick A. Palmieri, Joseph D. Varley, and Sandro Galea. 2008. The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in Israel. Journal of Traumatic Stress 21: 9-21.
    • (2008) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.21 , pp. 9-21
    • Hobfoll, S.E.1    Canetti-Nisim, D.2    Johnson, R.J.3    Palmieri, P.A.4    Varley, J.D.5    Galea, S.6
  • 38
    • 67650706330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
    • Hu, Li-Tze, and Peter M. Bentler. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 6: 1-55.
    • (1999) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.6 , pp. 1-55
    • Li-Tze, H.1    Bentler., P.M.2
  • 39
    • 0036755580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of terrorism: Disentangling the effects of personal and national threat
    • Huddy, Leonie, Stanley Feldman, Theresa Capelos, and Colin Provost. 2002. The consequences of terrorism: Disentangling the effects of personal and national threat. Political Psychology 23: 485-509.
    • (2002) Political Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 485-509
    • Leonie, H.1    Feldman, S.2    Capelos, T.3    Provost, C.4
  • 40
    • 27844521820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threat, anxiety, and support of antiterrorism policies
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00144.x
    • Huddy, Leonie, Stanley Feldman, Charles Taber, and Gallya Lahav. 2005. Threat, anxiety, and support of antiterrorism policies. American Journal of Political Science 49: 593-608. (Pubitemid 41638775)
    • (2005) American Journal of Political Science , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 593-608
    • Huddy, L.1    Feldman, S.2    Taber, C.3    Lahav, G.4
  • 46
    • 0037205772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on psychiatric outcomes and interventions subsequent to disasters: A review of the literature
    • Katz, Craig L., Lori Pellegrino, Anand Pandya, Anthony Ng, and Lynn E. DeLisi. 2002. Research on psychiatric outcomes and interventions subsequent to disasters: A review of the literature. Psychiatry Research 110: 201-17.
    • (2002) Psychiatry Research , vol.110 , pp. 201-17
    • Katz Craig, L.1    Pellegrino, L.2    Pandya, A.3    Ng, A.4    Delisi., L.E.5
  • 48
    • 1542698568 scopus 로고
    • Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness
    • Alan Monat and Richard S. Lazarus, New York: Columbia University Press.
    • Kobasa, Suzanne C. 1985. Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. In Stress and coping: An anthology, ed. Alan Monat and Richard S. Lazarus, 174-88. New York: Columbia University Press.
    • (1985) Stress and Coping: An Anthology , pp. 174-88
    • Kobasa Suzanne, C.1
  • 49
    • 0031283918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political psychology as a lens for viewing traumatic events
    • Koopman, Cheryl. 1997. Political psychology as a lens for viewing traumatic events. Political Psychology 18 (4). 831-47.
    • (1997) Political Psychology , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 831-47
    • Cheryl, K.1
  • 50
    • 33646138714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up of victims of one terrorist attack in Israel: ASD, PTSD, and the perceived threat of Iraqi missile attacks
    • Kutz, Ilan, and Rachel Dekel. 2006. Follow-up of victims of one terrorist attack in Israel: ASD, PTSD, and the perceived threat of Iraqi missile attacks. Personality and Individual Differences 40 (8). 1579-89.
    • (2006) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.40 , Issue.8 , pp. 1579-89
    • Ilan, K.1    Dekel, R.2
  • 54
    • 36949031722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When being a model minority is good... and bad: Realistic threat explains negativity toward Asian Americans
    • Maddux, William W., Adam D. Galinsky, Amy J. C. Cuddy, and Mark Polifroni. 2008. When being a model minority is good... and bad: Realistic threat explains negativity toward Asian Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34 (1). 74-89.
    • (2008) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-89
    • Maddux William, W.1    Galinsky, A.D.2    Cuddy C., A.J.3    Polifroni, M.4
  • 55
    • 0033205931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assumptive world of traumatized South African adults
    • Magwaza, A.S. 1999. Assumptive world of traumatized South African adults. Journal of Social Psychology 139: 622-30.
    • (1999) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.139 , pp. 622-30
    • Magwaza, A.S.1
  • 57
    • 36448938276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of realistic threat and group identification on social dominance orientation
    • Morrison, Kimberly Rios, and Oscar Ybarra. 2008. The effects of realistic threat and group identification on social dominance orientation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44 (1). 156-63.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 156-63
    • Kimberly Rios, M.1    Ybarra, O.2
  • 58
    • 0038638351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peoples under threat: Americans, Arabs, and Israelis
    • Pettigrew, Thomas. 2003. People under threat: Americans, Arabs, and Israelis. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 9 (1). 69-90. (Pubitemid 36881958)
    • (2003) Peace and Conflict , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-90
    • Pettigrew, T.F.1
  • 59
  • 60
    • 44949168308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models
    • Preacher, Kristopher J., and Andrew F. Hayes. 2008. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods 40: 879-91.
    • (2008) Behavior Research Methods , vol.40 , pp. 879-91
    • Preacher Kristopher, J.1    Hayes., A.F.2
  • 61
    • 21444458113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Do We Need What We Need? A Terror Management Perspective on the Roots of Human Social Motivation
    • Pyszczynski, Tom, Jeff Greenberg, and Sheldon Solomon. 1997. Why do we need what we need? A terror management perspective on the roots of human motivation. Psychological Inquiry 8 (1). 1-20. (Pubitemid 127005470)
    • (1997) Psychological Inquiry , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Pyszczynski, T.1    Greenberg, J.2    Solomon, S.3
  • 63
    • 84930590097 scopus 로고
    • Prejudice as a response to perceived group threat: Population compositions and anti-immigrant and racial prejudice in Europe
    • Quillian, Lincoln. 1995. Prejudice as a response to perceived group threat: Population compositions and anti-immigrant and racial prejudice in Europe. American Sociological Review 60: 586-611.
    • (1995) American Sociological Review , vol.60 , pp. 586-611
    • Lincoln, Q.1
  • 64
    • 0344585288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Foreigners Deserve Rights? Determinants of Public Views Towards Foreigners in Germany and Israel
    • DOI 10.1093/esr/19.4.379
    • Raijman, Rebeca, Moshe Semyonov, and Peter Schmidt. 2003. Do foreigners deserve rights? Determinants of public views toward foreigners in Germany and Israel. European Sociological Review 19 (4). 379-92. (Pubitemid 37142943)
    • (2003) EUROPEAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 379-392
    • Raijman, R.1    Semyonov, M.2    Schmidt, P.3
  • 66
    • 34147194147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enduring consequences of terrorism: 7-month follow-up survey of reactions to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005
    • DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.029785
    • Rubin, G. James, Chris, R. Brewin, Neil Greenberg, Jamie Hacker Hughes, John Simpson, and Simon Wessely. 2007. Enduring consequences of terrorism: Seven-month follow-up survey of reactions to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005. The British Journal of Psychiatry 190: 350-56. (Pubitemid 46580686)
    • (2007) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.190 , Issue.APR. , pp. 350-356
    • Rubin, G.J.1    Brewin, C.R.2    Greenberg, N.3    Hughes, J.H.4    Simpson, J.5    Wessely, S.6
  • 67
    • 0344796400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic Exclusionism in European Countries : PPublic Opposition to Civil Rights for Legal Migrants as a Response to Perceived Ethnic Threat
    • DOI 10.1093/esr/18.1.17
    • Scheepers, Peer, Merove Gijsberts, and Marcel Coenders. 2002. Ethnic exclusionism in European countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review 18: 17-34. (Pubitemid 37446178)
    • (2002) European Sociological Review , vol.18 , Issue.1
    • Scheepers, P.1    Gijsberts, M.2    Coenders, M.3
  • 70
    • 20044375593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTSD following terrorist attacks: A prospective evaluation
    • Shalev, Arieh Y., and Sara Freedman. 2005. PTSD following terrorist attacks: A prospective evaluation. American Journal of Psychiatry 162: 1188-91.
    • (2005) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 1188-91
    • Shalev Arieh, Y.1    Freedman, S.2
  • 71
    • 33745568587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict, identity, and tolerance: Israel and the Al-Aqsa intifada
    • Shamir, Michal, and Tammy Sagiv-Schifter. 2006. Conflict, identity, and tolerance: Israel and the Al-Aqsa intifada. Political Psychology 27: 569-96.
    • (2006) Political Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 569-96
    • Michal, S.1    Sagiv-Schifter, T.2
  • 72
    • 84970313898 scopus 로고
    • Jews and Arabs in Israel: Everybody hates somebody, sometime
    • Shamir, Michal, and John L. Sullivan. 1985. Jews and Arabs in Israel: Everybody hates somebody, sometime. Journal of Conflict Resolution 29: 283-305.
    • (1985) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.29 , pp. 283-305
    • Michal, S.1    Sullivan., J.L.2
  • 73
    • 47249090419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The drama of media coverage of terrorism: Emotional and attitudinal impact on the audience
    • Shoshani, Anat, and Michelle Slone. 2008. The drama of media coverage of terrorism: Emotional and attitudinal impact on the audience. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 31: 627-640.
    • (2008) Studies in Conflict and Terrorism , vol.31 , pp. 627-640
    • Anat, S.1    Slone, M.2
  • 75
    • 2442581302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political tolerance and coming to psychological closure following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: An integrative approach
    • Skitka, Linda J., Christopher W. Bauman, and Elizabeth Mullen. 2004. Political tolerance and coming to psychological closure following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: An integrative approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30: 743-56.
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.30 , pp. 743-56
    • Skitka Linda, J.1    Bauman, C.W.2    Elizabeth, Mullen.3
  • 76
    • 0034237904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses to media coverage of terrorism
    • Slone, Michelle. 2000. Responses to media coverage of terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution 44: 508-22.
    • (2000) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.44 , pp. 508-22
    • Michelle, S.1
  • 77
    • 77957060917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jewish ethnicity in Israel: Symbolic or real?
    • Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman, Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
    • Smooha, Sammy. 2004. Jewish ethnicity in Israel: Symbolic or real? In Jews in Israel: Contemporary social and cultural patterns, ed. Uzi Rebhun and Chaim I. Waxman, 47-80. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
    • (2004) Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns , pp. 47-80
    • Sammy, S.1
  • 78
    • 1642602915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predisposing Factors and Situational Triggers: Exclusionary Reactions to Immigrant Minorities
    • Sniderman, Paul M., Louk Hagendoorn, and Markus Prior. 2004. Predisposing factors and situational triggers: Exclusionary reactions to immigrant minorities. American Political Science Review 98: 35-49. (Pubitemid 38411326)
    • (2004) American Political Science Review , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-49
    • Sniderman, P.M.1    Hagendoorn, L.2    Prior, M.3
  • 79
    • 65549090056 scopus 로고
    • Demography in Eretz Israel: 1988 and the year 2000
    • Soffer, Arnon. 1988. Demography in Eretz Israel: 1988 and the year 2000. Jerusalem Quarterly 51: 115-44.
    • (1988) Jerusalem Quarterly , vol.51 , pp. 115-44
    • Arnon, S.1
  • 82
    • 0002430698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated threat theory of prejudice
    • Stuart Oskamp, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • Stephan, Walter G., and Cookie W. Stephan. 2000. An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In Reducing prejudice and discrimination, ed. Stuart Oskamp, 23-45. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (2000) Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination , pp. 23-45
    • Stephan Walter, G.1    Stephan., C.W.2
  • 88
    • 58149367888 scopus 로고
    • Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation
    • Taylor, Shelley E. 1983. Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist 38: 1161-73.
    • (1983) American Psychologist , vol.38 , pp. 1161-73
    • Taylor Shelley, E.1
  • 89
    • 0030543502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political xenophobia in the transition from socialism: Threat, racism and ideology among East German youth
    • Watts, Meredith W. 1996. Political xenophobia in the transition from socialism: Threat, racism, and ideology among East German youth. Political Psychology 17: 97-126. (Pubitemid 126312061)
    • (1996) Political Psychology , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-126
    • Watts, M.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.