The effects of Prandtl number on wavy weld boundary

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Volumn 52, Issue 15-16, 2009, Pages 3790-3798

  Wei, P S ^a   Yeh, J S ^a   Ting, C N ^a   DebRoy, T ^b   Chung, F K ^c   Lin, C L ^a  

^a NATIONAL SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL KAOHSIUNG UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Fusion zone shape; Marangoni flow; Melting; Prandtl number; Thermocapillary flow; Welding

Indexed keywords

BEAM POWER; ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPERIMENTAL DATUM; FREE SURFACES; FUSION ZONE SHAPE; INCIDENT FLUXES; MARANGONI; MARANGONI FLOW; MARANGONI NUMBERS; MOLTEN POOL SHAPES; MOLTEN POOLS; SCALE ANALYSIS; SCANNING SPEED; SURFACE FLOWS; SURFACE SPEED; SURFACE TENSION COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE FIELDS; THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYERS; THERMOCAPILLARY CONVECTIONS; THERMOCAPILLARY FLOW; THICKNESS RATIOS; TIME DEPENDENTS;

FLOW PATTERNS; LAKES; MELTING; PRANDTL NUMBER; SURFACE PROPERTIES; SURFACE TENSION; THREE DIMENSIONAL; TWO DIMENSIONAL; VISCOUS FLOW; WELDING;

CAPILLARY FLOW;

EID: 65549097097     PISSN: 00179310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.02.020     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Kou S. Welding Metallurgy (1987), Wiley, New York
2. David S.A., and DebRoy T. Current issues and problems in welding science. Science 257 (1992) 497-502
3. Zacharia T., Vitek J.M., Goldak J.A., DebRoy T., Rappaz M., and Bhadeshia H.K.D.H. Modeling of fundamental phenomena in welds. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 3 (1995) 265-288
4. Mundra K., DebRoy T., Babu S.S., and David S.A. Weld metal microstructure calculations from fundamentals of transport phenomena in the arc welding of low-alloy steels. Welding J. 76 (1997) 163-s-171-s
5. Liu W., and DuPont J.N. Effects of melt-pool geometry on crystal growth and microstructure development in laser surface-melted superalloy single crystals. Mathematical modeling of single-crystal growth in a melt pool (part I). Acta Mater. 52 (2004) 4833-4847
6. Kou S., and Wang Y.H. Weld pool convection and its effect. Welding J. 65 (1986) 63-s-70-s
7. Basu B., and Date A.W. Numerical study of steady state and transient laser melting problems-I: characteristics of flow field and heat transfer. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 33 (1990) 1149-1163
8. Kanouff M., and Greif R. The unsteady development of a GTA weld pool. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 35 (1992) 967-979
9. Zacharia T., David S.A., Vitek J.M., and DebRoy T. Weld pool development during GTA and laser beam welding of type 304 stainless steel, part I - theoretical analysis. Welding J. 68 (1989) 499-s-509-s
10. Chan C., Mazumder J., and Chen M.M. A two-dimensional transient model for convection in laser melted pools. Metall. Trans. 15A (1984) 2175-2184
11. Paul A., and DebRoy T. Free surface flow and heat transfer in conduction mode laser welding. Metall. Trans. 19B (1988) 851-858
12. Mundra K., and DebRoy T. Toward understanding alloying element vaporization during laser beam welding of stainless steel. Welding J. 72 (1993) 1-s-9-s
13. Wei P.S., Chang C.Y., and Chen C.T. Surface ripple in electron-beam welding solidification. J. Heat Transfer 118 (1996) 960-969
14. Gratzke U., Kapadia P.D., Dowden J., Kroos J., and Simon G. Theoretical approach to the humping phenomenon in welding processes. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 25 (1992) 1640-1647
15. Mendez P.F., and Eagar T.W. Penetration and defect formation in high-current arc welding. Welding J. 82 (2003) 296-s-306-s
16. Kumar A., and DebRoy T. Toward a unified model to prevent humping defects in gas tungsten arc welding. Welding J. 85 (2006) 292-s-304-s
17. Tong H., and Giedt W.H. A dynamic interpretation of electron beam welding. Welding J. 49 (1970) 259-s-266-s
18. Schauer D.A., and Giedt W.H. Prediction of electron beam welding spiking tendency. Welding J. 57 (1978) 189-s-195-s
19. W.H. Giedt, A periodic melting model of high intensity electron beam welding, in: M. Rappaz, M.R. Özgü, K.W. Mahin, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes-V, Davos, Switzerland, September 16-21, TMMMS, Warrendale, PA, 1991, pp. 115-122.
20. Wei P.S., Kuo Y.K., Chiu S.H., and Ho C.Y. Shape of a pore trapped in solid during solidification. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 43 (2000) 263-280
21. Heiple C.R., and Roper J.R. Mechanism for minor element effect on GTA fusion zone geometry. Welding J. 61 (1982) 97-s-102-s
22. Limmaneevichitr C., and Kou S. Experiments to simulate effect of Marangoni convection on weld pool shape. Welding J. 79 (2000) 231-s-237-s
23. Chung F.K., and Wei P.S. Mass, momentum, and energy transport in a molten pool when welding dissimilar metals. J. Heat Transfer 121 (1999) 451-461
24. Wei P.S., and Chung F.K. Unsteady Marangoni flow in a molten pool when welding dissimilar metals. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 31B (2000) 1387-1403
25. Wei P.S., Ting C.N., Yeh J.S., DebRoy T., Chung F.K., and Yan G.H. Origin of wavy weld boundary. J. Appl. Phys. 105 (2009) 053508-1-053508-8
26. Hicken G.K., Giedt W.H., and Bentley A.E. Correlation of joint penetration with electron beam current distribution. Welding J. 70 (1991) 69-s-75-s
27. P. Burgardt, Electron beam beam size calibration, in: L.N. Tallerico, (Eds.), Summary of Calibration of Welding Systems Meeting, Sandia National Lab., Livermore, CA, 1986, pp. 258-266.
28. Sen A.K., and Davis S.H. Steady thermocapillary flows in two-dimensional slots. J. Fluid Mech. 121 (1982) 163-186
29. Salcudean M., Choi M., and Greif R. A study of heat transfer during arc welding. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 29 (1986) 215-225
30. Ostrach S. Low-gravity fluid flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 14 (1982) 313-345
31. Chen M.M. Thermocapillary convection in materials processing. In: Samanta S.K., Komanduri R., McMeeking R., Chen M.M., and Tseng A. (Eds). Interdisciplinary Issues in Materials Processing and Manufacturing (1987), ASME, New York 541-558
32. Rivas D., and Ostrach S. Scaling of low-Prandtl-number thermocapillary flows. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 35 (1992) 1469-1479
33. Zacharia T., David S.A., Vitek J.M., and DebRoy T. Weld pool development during GTA and laser beam welding of type 304 stainless steel, part II - experimental correlation. Welding J. 68 (1989) 510-s-519-s
34. Mundra K., DebRoy T., Zacharia T., and David S.A. Role of thermophysical properties in weld pool modeling. Welding J. 71 (1992) 313-s-320-s
35. Pitscheneder W., DebRoy T., Mundra K., and Ebner R. Role of sulfur and processing variables on the temporal evolution of weld pool geometry during multikilowatt laser beam welding of steels. Welding J. 75 (1996) 71-s-80-s