The Contested Meaning of the Crosses at Columbine

American Behavioral Scientist

Volumn 52, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 1371-1386

  Spencer, J William ^a   Muschert, Glenn W ^b  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Collective memory; Columbine; Media framing; Memorials; School shootings; Youth violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 65449180759     PISSN: 00027642     EISSN: 15523381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002764209332553     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Altheide, D. (1996). Qualitative media analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Altheide, D. (2002). Children and the discourse of fear. Symbolic Interaction, 25 (2). 229-250.
3. Barker, C. (2003). Cultural studies: Theory and practice (2 nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Best, J. (1997). Victimization and the victim industry. Society, 34 (4). 9-17.
5. Cerulo, K.A. (1998). Deciphering violence: The cognitive structure of right and wrong. New York: Routledge.
6. Doss, E. (2002). Death, art and memory in the public sphere: The visual and material culture of grief in contemporary America. Mortality, 7 (1). 63-82.
7. Ellsworth, M.J. (1927). The Bath school disaster. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from the Bath school disaster Web site: http://www.daggy.name/tbsd/tbsd-x. htm
8. Glaser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
9. Grider, S. (2007). Public grief and the politics of memorial: Contesting the memory of "the shooters" at Columbine High School. Anthropology Today, 23 (2). 3-7.
10. Hine, T. (1999). The rise and fall of the American teenager. New York: Bard.
11. Holstein, J.A., & Miller, G. (1990). Rethinking victimization: An interactional approach to victimology. Symbolic Interaction, 13, 103-122.
12. Larkin, R.W. (2007). Comprehending Columbine. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
13. Lawrence, R.G. (2001). Defining events: Problem definition in the media arena. In R. P. Hart & B. H. Sparrow (Eds.), Politics, discourse, and American society: New agendas (pp. 91-110). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
14. Maguire, B., Weatherby, G.A., & Mathers, R.A. (2002). Network news coverage of school shootings. Social Science Journal, 39, 465-470.
15. Margy, P.J., & Sanchez-Carretero, C. (2007). Memorializing traumatic death. Anthropology Today, 23 (2). 1-2.
16. Muschert, G.W. (2002). Media and massacre: The social construction of the Columbine story. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder.
17. Muschert, G.W. (2007 a). The Columbine victims and the myth of the juvenile superpredator. Youth Violence & Juvenile Justice, 5 (4). 351-366.
18. Muschert, G.W. (2007 b). Research in school shootings. Sociology Compass, 1 (1). 60-80.
19. Muschert, G.W. (forthcoming). Frame-changing in the media coverage of a school shooting: The rise of Columbine as a national concern. Social Science Journal.
20. Muschert, G.W., & Carr, D.C. (2006). Media salience and frame changing across events: Coverage of nine school shootings, 1997-2001. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83 (4). 747-766. (Pubitemid 46547086)
21. Nora, P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de memoire. Representations, 26, 7-25.
22. Santino, J. (2004). Performative commemoratives, the personal, and the public: Spontaneous shrines, emergent, ritual, and the field of folklore. Journal of American Folklore, 117, 363-372.
23. Sibley, D. (1995). Families and domestic routines: Constructing the boundaries of childhood. In S. Pile & N. Thrift (Eds.), Mapping the subject: Geographies of cultural transformation (pp. 123-142). New York: Routledge.
24. Spencer, J.W. (2005). It's not as simple as it seems: Ambiguous culpability and ambivalent affect in media representations of violent youth. Symbolic Interaction, 28 (1). 47-65. (Pubitemid 40622623)
25. Wagner-Pacifici, R., & Schwartz, B. (1991). The Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Commemorating a difficult past. American Journal of Sociology, 97 (2). 376-420.
26. Zoba, W.M. (2000). Day of reckoning: Columbine and the search for America's soul. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press.