Language ecology and linguistic diversity on the African continent

Linguistics and Language Compass

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 840-858

  Dimmendaal, Gerrit J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65449147582     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1749818X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00085.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2007. Grammars in contact: A cross-linguistic perspective. Grammars in contact: A cross-linguistic typology, ed. by Alexandra Y Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, 1-66. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
2. Bellwood, Peter. 2003. Farmers, foragers, languages, genes: The genesis of agricultural societies. Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis, ed. by Peter Bellwood and Colin Renfrew, 17-28. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
3. Bellwood, Peter, and Colin Renfrew (eds). 2003. Examining the farming/ language dispersal hypothesis. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
4. Bender, M. Lionel. 2000. Nilo-Saharan. African languages, an introduction, ed. by Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse, 43-73. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
5. Blench, Roger. 1999. Recent fieldwork in Ghana: Report on Dompo and a note on. Ogmios 11.14-15.
6. Blench, Roger. 2000. The classification of Nilo-Saharan. Afrika und Übersee 83.293-307.
7. Blench, Roger. 2006. Archaeology, language, and the African past. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
8. Blench, Roger. forthcoming. Bangi Me, a language of unknown affiliation in Northern Mali. Mother Tongue.
9. Boyeldieu, Pascal. 1977. Eléments pour une phonologie de Laal de Gori. Etudes phonologiques tchadiennes, ed. by Jean-Pierre Caprile, 186-98. Paris, France: SELAF.
10. Campbell, Lyle. 2003. What drives linguistic diversity and language spread? Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis, ed. by Peter Bellwood and Colin Renfrew, 49-63. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
11. Childs, Tucker. 2003. An introduction to African Languages. Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
12. Delafosse, Maurice. 1914. Esquisse générale des langues de l'Afrique, et plus particulièrement de l'Afrique française. Paris, France: Masson.
13. Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. 2001a. Language shift and morphological convergence in the Nilotic area. Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 16/ 17.83-124.
14. Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. 2001b. Language diffusion and genetic relationship: An African perspective. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: Problems in comparative linguistics, ed. by Alexandra Y.
15. Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, 358-392. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
16. Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, 2004. Head marking and dependent marking in the Nilotic area. Studies in African linguistic typology, ed. by F. K. Erhard Voeltz, 71-92. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
17. Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, 2007. Eastern Sudanic and the Wadi Howar and Wadi el Milk diaspora. Sprache und Geschichte in Africa 18.37-67.
18. Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, 2008. Africa's verb-final languages. A linguistic geography of Africa, ed. by Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse, 271-307. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
19. Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, forthcoming. Esoterogeny and localist strategies in a Nuba Mountain community. Sprache und Geschichte in Africa 20.
20. Dimmendaal, Gerrit J., and F. K. Erhard Voeltz. 2007. Endangered languages of Africa. Encyclopaedia of the world's endangered languages, ed. by Christopher Moseley, 579-634. London, UK: Routledge.
21. Dixon, R. M. W. 1997. The rise and fall of languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
22. Ehret, Christopher. 2001. A historical-comparative reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan. Cologne, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe.
23. Fleming, Harold C. 1969. The classification of West Cushitic within Hamito-Semitic. Eastern African history (Boston University Studies in African History III), ed. by Daniel McCall, Norman Bennett and Jeffrey Butler, 3-27. New York, NY: Praeger.
24. Greenberg, Joseph H. 1955. Studies in African linguistic classification. New Haven, CT: Compass Publishing.
25. Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. The languages of Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University. (International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1, Part II).
26. Güldemann, Tom. 1998. The Kalahari basin as an object of areal typology - a first approach. Language, identity, and conceptualization among the Khoisan, ed. by Mathias Schladt, 137-69. Cologne, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe.
27. Güldemann, Tom. 2006. Changing profile when encroaching on hunter-gatherer territory? Towards a history of the Khoe-Kwadi family in southern Africa. Paper presented at the conference on Historical linguistics and hunter-gatherer populations in global perspective at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://email.cva.mpg.de/~gueldema/projects.html.
28. Güldemann, Tom, and Edward D. Elderkin. forthcoming. On external genealogical relationships of the Khoe family. Khoisan languages and linguistics: The Riezlern symposium 2003, ed. by Matthias Brenzinger and Christa König. Cologne, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe.
29. Hayward, Richard. 2000. Afroasiatic. African languages, an introduction, ed. by Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse, 74-98. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
30. Heine, Bernd. 1976. A typology of African languages based on the order of meaningful elements. Berlin, Germany: Dietrich Reimer.
31. Heine, Bernd, and Derek Nurse. 2008. A linguistic geography of Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
32. Hill, Jane. 2001. Language on the land: Towards an anthropological dialectology. Archaeology, language, and history: Essays on culture and ethnicity, ed. by John E. Terrell, 257-82. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, Greenwood Publishing.
33. Kießling, Roland, and Maarten Mous. 2004. Urban youth languages in Africa. Anthropological Linguistics 46.303-341.
34. Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 1996. Relationship between Adamawa and Gur: The case of Waja. Gur Papers/Cahiers Voltaiques 1.25-46.
35. Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2001. Jalaa - an almost forgotten language of Northeastern Nigeria: A language isolate? Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 16-17.239-271.
36. McConvell, Patrick, and Felicity Meakins. 2005. Gurindji Kriol: A mixed language emerges from code-switching. Australian Journal of Linguistics 25(1).9-30.
37. Meinhof, Carl. 1912. Die Sprachen der Hamiten. Hamburg, Germany: Friederichsen.
38. Moges, Yigezu. 2006. Convergence of Baale, a Southwest Surmic language to the Southeast Surmic group: Lexical evidence. Annual Publications in African Linguistics 3.49-66.
39. Mous, Maarten. 2007. John M. Stewart, 1926-2006. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 28.71-74.
40. Müller, Friedrich. 1876-1888. Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft. Hildesheim, Germany/Zürich, Switzerland/New York, NY: Olms.
41. Muzzolini, A. 1993. The emergence of a food-producing economy in the Sahara. The archaeology of Africa: Food, metals and towns, ed. by T. Shaw, P. Sinclair, B. Andah, and A. Akpoko, 227-39. London, UK: Routledge.
42. Nettle, Daniel. 1999. Linguistic diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
43. Nichols, Johanna. 1997. Modeling ancient population structures and movement in linguistics. Annual Review of Anthropology 26.359-84.
44. Nicolaï, Robert. 2003. La force des choses ou l'épreuve nilo-saharienne: Questions sur les reconstructions archéologiques et l'évolution des langues. Cologne, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe.
45. Pachur, J.-J., and S. Kröpelin. 1993. Wadi Howar: Paleoclimatic evidence from an extinct river system in the southeastern Sahara. Science 237.298-300.
46. Renfrew, Colin. 2003. 'The emerging synthesis': The archaeogenetics of farming/language dispersals and other spread zones. Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis, ed. by Peter Bellwood and Colin Renfrew, 3-16. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
47. Rilly, Claude. 2004. The linguistic position of Meroitic. ARKAMANI Sudan Electronic Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology.
48. Ross, Malcolm. 2001. Contact-induced change in Oceanic languages in North-West Melanesia. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: Problems in comparative linguistics, ed. by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, 134-66. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
49. Schadeberg, Thilo. C. 1981a. The classification of the Kadugli language group. Nilo-Saharan, ed. by Thilo C. Schadeberg and M. Lionel Bender, 291-305. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Foris Publications.
50. Schadeberg, Thilo. C. 1981b. A survey of Kordofanian Vol. 1: The Heiban Group. Hamburg, Germany: Helmut Buske.
51. Stewart, John. M. 2002. The potential of Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu as a pilot Proto-Niger-Congo, and the reconstructions updated. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 23.197-22.
52. Stewart, John. M. 2007. Consonant mutation in Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu and the Fula-type languages of Senegal and Guinea. Guinea languages of the Atlantic group: Description and internal classification, ed. by William A. A. Wilson and Anne Storch, 171-195. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lange.
53. Thomason, Sarah Grey. 2007. Language contact and deliberate change. Journal of Language Contact 1.41-62.
54. Thomason, Sarah Grey, and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
55. Traill, A., and H. Nakagawa. 2000. A historical !Xóõ-Gui contact zone: Linguistic and other relations. The state of Khoesan languages in Botswana, ed. by Herman M. Batibo and Joseph Tsonope, 1-17. Mogoditshane, Botswana: Tasalls Publishing.
56. Vansina, Jan. 1995. New linguistic evidence in the Bantu expansion. Journal of African History 36.173-95.
57. Watkins, Calvert. 2001. An Indo-European linguistic area and its characteristics: Ancient Anatolia. Areal diffusion as a challenge to the comparative method. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: Problems in comparative linguistics, ed. by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and R. M. W. Dixon, 44-63. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
58. Williamson, Kay. 1989. Niger-Congo overview. The Niger-Congo languages: a classification and description of Africa's largest language family, ed. by John Bendor-Samuel, 1-45. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.