Clinical Insights From the Treating to New Targets Trial

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 487-502

  Waters, David D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ATORVASTATIN; CREATINE KINASE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LIPID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; COST OF ILLNESS; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG COST; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; HEART ARREST; HEART DEATH; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART PROTECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LOW DRUG DOSE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MUSCLE INJURY; RESUSCITATION; RISK REDUCTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIDE EFFECT; STROKE; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; COMORBIDITY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS; CORONARY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HEPTANOIC ACIDS; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPERTENSION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PYRROLES; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 65449132799     PISSN: 00330620     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2009.01.001     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. LaRosa J.C., Grundy S.M., Waters D.D., et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1425-1435
2. Waters D.D., Guyton J.R., Herrington D.M., et al. Treating to New Targets (TNT) study: does lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below currently recommended guidelines yield incremental clinical benefit?. Am J Cardiol 93 (2004) 154-158
3. Shepherd J., Barter P., Carmena R., et al. Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes. The Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Diabetes Care 29 (2006) 1220-1226
4. Deedwania P., Barter P., Carmena R., et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet 368 (2006) 919-928
5. Shepherd J., Kastelein J.J., Bittner V., et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease: the TNT (Treating to New Targets) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 51 (2008) 1448-1454
6. Shepherd J., Kastelein J.J., Bittner V., et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Mayo Clin Proc 83 (2008) 870-879
7. Shepherd J., Kastelein J.J., Bittner V., et al. Effect of intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin on renal function in patients with coronary heart disease: the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2 (2007) 1131-1139
8. Kostis J.B., Breazna A., Deedwania P.C., et al. The benefits of intensive lipid lowering in patients with stable coronary heart disease with normal or high systolic blood pressure: an analysis of the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. J Clin Hypertens 10 (2008) 367-376
9. Shah S., Waters D.D., Barter P., et al. Intensive lipid-lowering with atorvastatin for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 51 (2008) 1938-1943
10. Johnson C., Waters D.D., DeMicco D.A., et al. Comparison of effectiveness of atorvastatin 10 mg versus 80 mg in reducing major cardiovascular events and repeat revascularizations in patients with previous percutaneous coronary interventions (post hoc analysis of the Treating to New Targets [TNT] study). Am J Cardiol 102 (2008) 1312-1317
11. Wenger N.K., Lewis S.J., Herrington D.M., et al. Outcomes of using high- or low-dose atorvastatin in patients 65 years of age or older with stable coronary heart disease. Ann Intern Med 147 (2007) 1-9
12. Wenger N.K., Lewis S.J., Welty F.K., et al. Beneficial effects of aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering in women with stable coronary heart disease in the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Heart 94 (2008) 434-439
13. LaRosa J.C., Grundy S.M., Kastelein J.J., et al. Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin-induced very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with coronary heart disease (a post hoc analysis of the treating to new targets [TNT] study). Am J Cardiol 100 (2007) 747-752
14. Barter P., Gotto A.M., LaRosa J.C., et al. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 357 (2007) 1301-1310
15. Kastelein J.J., van der Steeg W.A., Holme I., et al. Lipids, apolipoproteins, and their ratios in relation to cardiovascular events with statin treatment. Circulation 117 (2008) 3002-3009
16. Waters D.D., LaRosa J.C., Barter P., et al. Effects of high-dose atorvastatin on cerebrovascular events in patients with stable coronary disease in the TNT (treating to new targets) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (2006) 1793-1799
17. Khush K.K., Waters D.D., Bittner V., et al. Effect of high-dose atorvastatin on hospitalizations for heart failure: subgroup analysis of the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Circulation 115 (2007) 576-583
18. Mark D.B., Knight J.D., Cowper P.A., et al. Long-term economic outcomes associated with intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy in coronary artery disease: results from the Treating to New Targets (TNT) Trial. Am Heart J 156 (2008) 698-705
19. Taylor D.C., Pandya A., Thompson D., et al. Cost-effectiveness of intensive atorvastatin therapy in secondary cardiovascular prevention in the United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany, based on the Treating to New Targets study. Eur J Health Econ (2008) Epub ahead of print
20. Gupta M., Singh N., and Verma S. South Asians and cardiovascular risk. What clinicians should know. Circulation 113 (2006) e924-e929
21. Pyorala K., Pedersen T.R., Kjekshus J., et al. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: a subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Diabetes Care 20 (1997) 614-620
22. Goldberg R.B., Mellies M.J., Sacks F.M., et al. Cardiovascular events and their reduction with pravastatin in diabetic and glucose-intolerant myocardial infarction survivors with average cholesterol levels: subgroup analysis in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial. Circulation 98 (1998) 2513-2519
23. Keech A., Colquhoun D., Best J., et al. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: results from the LIPID trial. Diabetes Care 26 (2003) 2713-2721
24. Heart Protection Study collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361 (2003) 2005-2016
25. Colhoun H.M., Betteridge D.J., Durrington P.N., et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364 (2004) 685-696
26. Kearney P.M., Blackwell L., Collins R., et al. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 371 (2008) 117-125
27. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Merz C.N., et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 110 (2004) 227-239
28. Grundy S.M., Brewer H.B., Cleeman J.I., et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome. Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109 (2004) 433-438
29. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Daniels S.R., et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation 112 (2005) 2735-2752
30. Malik S., Wong N.D., Franklin S.R., et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation 110 (2004) 1245-1250
31. Dekker J.M., Girman C., Rhodes T., et al. Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn study. Circulation 112 (2005) 666-673
32. Sarnak M.J., Levey A.S., Schoolworth A.C., et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 108 (2003) 2154-2169
33. Go A.S., Chertow G.M., Fan D., et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 1296-1305
34. Tonelli M., Keech A., Shepherd J., et al. Effect of pravastatin in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 16 (2005) 3748-3754
35. Wanner C., Krane V., Marz W., et al. Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 238-248
36. Collins R., Armitage J., Parish S., et al. Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361 (2003) 2005-2016
37. Tonelli M., Moyé L., Sacks F.M., et al. Effect of pravastatin on loss of renal function in people with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 14 (2003) 1605-1613
38. Tonelli M., Isles C., Craven T., et al. Effect of pravastatin on rate of kidney function loss in patients with or at risk for coronary disease. Circulation 112 (2005) 171-178
39. Athyros V.G., Mikhailidis D.P., Papageorgiou A.A., et al. The effect of statins versus untreated dyslipidemia on renal function in patients with coronary heart disease. A subgroup analysis of the Greek atorvastatin and coronary heart disease evaluation (GREACE) study. J Clin Pathol 57 (2004) 728-734
40. Vidt D.G., Harris S., McTaggart F., et al. Effect of short-term rosuvastatin treatment on estimated glomerular filtration rate. Am J Cardiol 97 (2006) 1602-1606
41. Zhou M.S., Schulman I.H., Jaimes E.A., et al. Renoprotection by statins is linked to a decrease in renal oxidative stress, TGF-beta, and fibronectin with concomitant increase in nitric oxide bioavailability. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295 (2008) F53-F59
42. Sever P.S., Dahlöf B., Poulter N.R., et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361 (2003) 1149-1158
43. Domanski M.J., Borkowf C.B., Campeau L., et al. Prognostic factors for atherosclerosis progression in saphenous vein grafts: the postcoronary artery bypass graft (post-CABG) trial. Post-CABG Trial investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 36 (2000) 1877-1883
44. Knatterud G.L., Rosenberg Y., Campeau L., et al. Long-term effects on clinical outcomes of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation in the post coronary artery bypass graft trial. Post CABG Investigators. Circulation 102 (2000) 157-165
45. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 360 (2002) 7-22
46. Shepherd J., Blauw G.J., Murphy M.B., et al. PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 360 (2002) 1623-1630
47. Baigent C., Keech A., Kearney P.M., et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 366 (2005) 1267-1278
48. Wiviott S.D., Cannon C.P., Morrow D.A., et al. Can low-density lipoprotein be too low? The safety and efficacy of achieving very low-density lipoprotein with intensive statin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 1411-1416
49. Leeper N.J., Ardehali R., deGoma E.M., et al. Statin use in patients with extremely low low-density lipoprotein levels is associated with improved survival. Circulation 116 (2007) 613-618
50. Pedersen T.R., Faergaman O., Kastelein J.J.P., et al., for the Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) Study Group. High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 294 (2005) 2437-2445
51. Rothwell P.M., Coull A.J., Silver L.E., et al. Population-based study of event-rate, incidence, case fatality, and mortality for all acute vascular events in all arterial territories (Oxford Vascular Study). Lancet 366 (2005) 1773-1783
52. Iso H., Jacobs Jr. D.R., Wentworth D., et al. Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N Engl J Med 320 (1989) 904-910
53. Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Study Steering Committee. A placebo-controlled trial of high-dose atorvastatin in patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 355 (2006) 549-559
54. Goldstein L.B., Amarenco P., Szarek M., et al. Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels study. Neurology 70 (2008) 2364-2370
55. Khush K.K., and Waters D.D. Effects of statin therapy on the development and progression of heart failure: mechanisms and clinical trials. J Card Fail 12 (2006) 664-674
56. Node K., Fujita M., Kitakaze M., et al. Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 108 (2003) 839-843
57. Sola S., Mir M.Q., Lerakis S., et al. Atorvastatin improves left ventricular systolic function and serum markers of inflammation in nonischemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 332-337
58. Kjekshus J., Pedersen T.R., Olsson A.G., et al. The effect of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease. J Card Fail 3 (1997) 249-254
59. Lewis S.J., Moye L.A., Sacks F.M., et al. Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in older patients with myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels in the average range: results of the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial. Ann Intern Med 129 (1998) 681-689
60. Scirica B.M., Morrow D.A., Cannon C.P., et al. Intensive statin therapy and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure after an acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 study. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006) 2326-2331
61. Kjekshus J., Apetrei E., Barrios V., et al. Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 357 (2007) 2248-2261
62. GISSI-HF Investigators. Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 372 (2008) 1231-1239
63. Cannon C.P., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H., et al., for the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy - Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 22 investigators. Comparison of intensive and moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 350 (2004) 1495-1504
64. Newman C.B., Tsai J., Szarek M., et al. Comparative safety of atorvastatin 80 mg versus 10 mg derived from analysis of 49 completed trials in 14,236 patients. Am J Cardiol 97 (2006) 61-67