메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 81-111

Examining the Cumulative Effects of Protective Factors: Resiliency among a National Sample of High-Risk Youths

Author keywords

delinquency; developmental criminology; early intervention; protective factors; Resiliency

Indexed keywords


EID: 65349183727     PISSN: 10509674     EISSN: 15408558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10509670802071535     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 84935322995 scopus 로고
    • Family resources and the development of child competency
    • Amato, P. R. and Ochiltree, G. 1986. Family resources and the development of child competency. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48: 47-56.
    • (1986) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.48 , pp. 47-56
    • Amato, P.R.1    Ochiltree, G.2
  • 3
    • 0001899149 scopus 로고
    • Children at high risk for psychosis growing up successfully
    • In: Anthony E. J., Cohler B. J., editors New York: Guilford Press
    • Anthony, E. J. 1987. "Children at high risk for psychosis growing up successfully". In The invulnerable child, Edited by: Anthony, E. J. and Cohler, B. J. New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1987) The invulnerable child
    • Anthony, E.J.1
  • 5
    • 0022107378 scopus 로고
    • Defining environmental risk: Multiple dimensions of psychological vulnerability
    • Barocas, R., Seifer, R. and Sameroff, A. 1985. Defining environmental risk: Multiple dimensions of psychological vulnerability. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13: 433-447.
    • (1985) American Journal of Community Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 433-447
    • Barocas, R.1    Seifer, R.2    Sameroff, A.3
  • 6
    • 0002404564 scopus 로고
    • Obtaining support from friends during childhood and adolescence
    • In: Belle D., editors New York: Wiley
    • Berndt, T. J. 1989. "Obtaining support from friends during childhood and adolescence". In Children's social networks and social supports, Edited by: Belle, D. New York: Wiley.
    • (1989) Children's social networks and social supports
    • Berndt, T.J.1
  • 7
    • 0031436053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience, desistance and delinquent career of adolescent offenders
    • Born, M., Chevalier, V. and Humblet, I. 1997. Resilience, desistance and delinquent career of adolescent offenders. Journal of Adolescence, 20: 679-694.
    • (1997) Journal of Adolescence , vol.20 , pp. 679-694
    • Born, M.1    Chevalier, V.2    Humblet, I.3
  • 8
    • 0347867341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and protective factors among youth offenders
    • Carr, M. B. and Vandiver, T. A. 2001. Risk and protective factors among youth offenders. Adolescence, 36: 409-426.
    • (2001) Adolescence , vol.36 , pp. 409-426
    • Carr, M.B.1    Vandiver, T.A.2
  • 9
    • 0011656198 scopus 로고
    • Center for Human Resource Research, Center for Human Resource Research. The Ohio State University
    • Center for Human Resource Research. 1992. NLS handbook: 1992, Center for Human Resource Research. The Ohio State University.
    • (1992) NLS handbook: 1992
  • 10
    • 0031216224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of self-organization in the promotion of resilience in maltreated children
    • Cicchetti, D. and Rogosch, F. A. 1997. The role of self-organization in the promotion of resilience in maltreated children. Development and Psychopathology, 9: 797-815.
    • (1997) Development and Psychopathology , vol.9 , pp. 797-815
    • Cicchetti, D.1    Rogosch, F.A.2
  • 11
    • 84894622582 scopus 로고
    • Resilience in maltreated children: Processes leading to adaptive outcome
    • Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, M. L. and Holt, K. D. 1993. Resilience in maltreated children: Processes leading to adaptive outcome. Development and Psychopathology, 5: 626-647.
    • (1993) Development and Psychopathology , vol.5 , pp. 626-647
    • Cicchetti, D.1    Rogosch, M.L.2    Holt, K.D.3
  • 12
    • 0025986239 scopus 로고
    • Social factors and psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping processes
    • Coyne, J. C. and Downey, G. 1991. Social factors and psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 16: 401-425.
    • (1991) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 401-425
    • Coyne, J.C.1    Downey, G.2
  • 13
    • 84955548708 scopus 로고
    • Adjustment of children born to teenage mothers: The contribution of risk and protective factors
    • Dubow, E. F. and Luster, T. 1990. Adjustment of children born to teenage mothers: The contribution of risk and protective factors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52: 393-404.
    • (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.52 , pp. 393-404
    • Dubow, E.F.1    Luster, T.2
  • 14
    • 0024795922 scopus 로고
    • The relation between stressful life events and adjustment in elementary school children: The role of social support and social problem-solving skills
    • Dubow, E. F. and Tisak, J. 1989. The relation between stressful life events and adjustment in elementary school children: The role of social support and social problem-solving skills. Child Development, 60: 1412-1423.
    • (1989) Child Development , vol.60 , pp. 1412-1423
    • Dubow, E.F.1    Tisak, J.2
  • 16
    • 0347176883 scopus 로고
    • Predicting self-reported and official delinquency
    • In: Farrington D. P., Tarling R., editors Albany, NY: State University Press
    • Farrington, D. P. 1985. "Predicting self-reported and official delinquency". In Prediction in criminology, Edited by: Farrington, D. P. and Tarling, R. Albany, NY: State University Press.
    • (1985) Prediction in criminology
    • Farrington, D.P.1
  • 20
    • 23344445137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for delinquency over time and place
    • Farrington, D. P. and Loeber, R. 1999. Risk factors for delinquency over time and place. Youth Update, 17: 4-5.
    • (1999) Youth Update , vol.17 , pp. 4-5
    • Farrington, D.P.1    Loeber, R.2
  • 21
    • 0033925615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some benefits of dichotomization in psychiatric and criminological research
    • Farrington, D. P. and Loeber, R. 2000. Some benefits of dichotomization in psychiatric and criminological research. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 10: 100-122.
    • (2000) Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health , vol.10 , pp. 100-122
    • Farrington, D.P.1    Loeber, R.2
  • 24
    • 0000931753 scopus 로고
    • Stress-Resistant Children: The Search of Protective Factors
    • In: Stevenson J. E., editors New York: Pergamon Press
    • Garmezy, N. 1985. "Stress-Resistant Children: The Search of Protective Factors". In Recent research in developmental psychopathology, Edited by: Stevenson, J. E. New York: Pergamon Press.
    • (1985) Recent research in developmental psychopathology
    • Garmezy, N.1
  • 25
    • 0021379982 scopus 로고
    • The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology
    • Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S. and Tellegen, A. 1984. The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55: 97-111.
    • (1984) Child Development , vol.55 , pp. 97-111
    • Garmezy, N.1    Masten, A.S.2    Tellegen, A.3
  • 27
    • 0008190601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: US Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention: Juvenile Justice Bulletin (April: NCJ 164834)
    • Grossman, J. B. and Garry, E. M. 1997. Mentoring-A proven delinquency prevention strategy, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention: Juvenile Justice Bulletin (April: NCJ 164834)
    • (1997) Mentoring-A proven delinquency prevention strategy
    • Grossman, J.B.1    Garry, E.M.2
  • 28
    • 0003068595 scopus 로고
    • The perceived competence scale for children
    • Harter, S. 1982. The perceived competence scale for children. Child Development, 53: 87-97.
    • (1982) Child Development , vol.53 , pp. 87-97
    • Harter, S.1
  • 29
    • 0002875596 scopus 로고
    • The seattle social development project: Effects of the first four years on protective factors and problem behaviors
    • In: McCord J., Tremblay R., editors New York: Guilford Press
    • Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R., Morrison, D., O'Donnell, J., Abbott, R. and Day, L. E. 1992. "The seattle social development project: Effects of the first four years on protective factors and problem behaviors". In The prevention of antisocial behavior in children, Edited by: McCord, J. and Tremblay, R. New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1992) The prevention of antisocial behavior in children
    • Hawkins, J.D.1    Catalano, R.2    Morrison, D.3    O'Donnell, J.4    Abbott, R.5    Day, L.E.6
  • 30
    • 0344417924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on resilience to child maltreatment: Empirical considerations
    • Heller, S. S., Larrieu, J. A., D'Imperio, R. and Boris, N. W. 1999. Research on resilience to child maltreatment: Empirical considerations. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23: 321-338.
    • (1999) Child Abuse and Neglect , vol.23 , pp. 321-338
    • Heller, S.S.1    Larrieu, J.A.2    D'Imperio, R.3    Boris, N.W.4
  • 31
    • 85012455527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisystemic therapy: An overview of clinical procedures, outcomes, and policy implications
    • Henggeler, S. 1999. Multisystemic therapy: An overview of clinical procedures, outcomes, and policy implications. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 4: 2-10.
    • (1999) Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review , vol.4 , pp. 2-10
    • Henggeler, S.1
  • 32
    • 0028331632 scopus 로고
    • Resilient early school-age children from maltreating homes: Outcomes in late adolescence
    • Herrenkohl, E. C., Herrenkohl, R. C. and Egolf, B. 1994. Resilient early school-age children from maltreating homes: Outcomes in late adolescence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64: 301-309.
    • (1994) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 301-309
    • Herrenkohl, E.C.1    Herrenkohl, R.C.2    Egolf, B.3
  • 34
    • 0003991890 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Hirschi, T. 1969. Causes of Delinquency, Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1969) Causes of Delinquency
    • Hirschi, T.1
  • 35
    • 0001332588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-varying effects of family, school, and peers on delinquency: A multilevel modeling test of interactional theory
    • Jang, S. J. 1999. Age-varying effects of family, school, and peers on delinquency: A multilevel modeling test of interactional theory. Criminology, 37: 643-685.
    • (1999) Criminology , vol.37 , pp. 643-685
    • Jang, S.J.1
  • 36
    • 0027550710 scopus 로고
    • Successful adolescent development among youth in high-risk settings
    • Jessor, R. 1993. Successful adolescent development among youth in high-risk settings. American Psychologist, 48: 117-126.
    • (1993) American Psychologist , vol.48 , pp. 117-126
    • Jessor, R.1
  • 38
    • 27544458413 scopus 로고
    • Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change
    • Jessor, R., Van Den Bos, J., Vanderryn, J., Costa, F. M. and Turbin, M. S. 1995. Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 31: 923-933.
    • (1995) Developmental Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 923-933
    • Jessor, R.1    van den Bos, J.2    Vanderryn, J.3    Costa, F.M.4    Turbin, M.S.5
  • 40
    • 0002378912 scopus 로고
    • Childhood protective factors and stress risk
    • In: Arnold L. E., editors New York: Wiley
    • Kimchi, J. and Schaffner, B. 1990. "Childhood protective factors and stress risk". In Childhood stress, Edited by: Arnold, L. E. New York: Wiley.
    • (1990) Childhood stress
    • Kimchi, J.1    Schaffner, B.2
  • 41
    • 0032125175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues in assessing resilience in maltreated children
    • Kinard, E. M. 1998. Methodological issues in assessing resilience in maltreated children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22: 669-680.
    • (1998) Child Abuse and Neglect , vol.22 , pp. 669-680
    • Kinard, E.M.1
  • 42
    • 0023838481 scopus 로고
    • Social and parenting factors affecting criminal-offense rates: Findings from the newcastle thousand family study
    • Kolvin, T., Miller, F. J., Fleeting, M. and Kolvin, P. A. 1988. Social and parenting factors affecting criminal-offense rates: Findings from the newcastle thousand family study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152: 80-90.
    • (1988) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 80-90
    • Kolvin, T.1    Miller, F.J.2    Fleeting, M.3    Kolvin, P.A.4
  • 43
    • 0005434587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding desistance from crime
    • In: Tonry M., editors Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Laub, J. H. and Sampson, R. J. 2001. "Understanding desistance from crime". In Crime and justice: An annual review of research, Edited by: Tonry, M. vol. 28, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2001) Crime and justice: An annual review of research , vol.28
    • Laub, J.H.1    Sampson, R.J.2
  • 44
    • 0003361533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental criminology updated
    • In: Tonry M., editors Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • LeBlanc, M. and Loeber, R. 1998. "Developmental criminology updated". In Crime and justice: A review of research, Edited by: Tonry, M. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1998) Crime and justice: A review of research
    • LeBlanc, M.1    Loeber, R.2
  • 46
    • 0000027246 scopus 로고
    • Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency
    • In: Tonry M., Morris N., editors Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Loeber, R. and Stouthamer-Loeber, M. 1986. "Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency". In Crime and justice: An annual review of research, Edited by: Tonry, M. and Morris, N. Volume 7, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1986) Crime and justice: An annual review of research , vol.7
    • Loeber, R.1    Stouthamer-Loeber, M.2
  • 47
    • 0010709841 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of social resources in adolescents at high risk for antisocial behavior
    • In: Weitekamp E. G. M., Kerner H., editors Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Lösel, F. 1994. "Protective effects of social resources in adolescents at high risk for antisocial behavior". In Cross-national longitudinal research on human development and criminal behavior, Edited by: Weitekamp, E. G. M. and Kerner, H. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (1994) Cross-national longitudinal research on human development and criminal behavior
    • Lösel, F.1
  • 48
    • 0001787494 scopus 로고
    • Resilience in adolescence: A study on the generalizability of protective factors
    • In: Hurrelmann K., Lösel F., editors Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter and Co
    • Lösel, F. and Bliesener, T. 1990. "Resilience in adolescence: A study on the generalizability of protective factors". In Health hazards in adolescence, Edited by: Hurrelmann, K. and Lösel, F. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter and Co.
    • (1990) Health hazards in adolescence
    • Lösel, F.1    Bliesener, T.2
  • 49
    • 84970198880 scopus 로고
    • Some high-risk adolescents do not develop conduct problems: A study of protective factors
    • Lösel, F. and Bliesener, T. 1994. Some high-risk adolescents do not develop conduct problems: A study of protective factors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 17: 753-777.
    • (1994) International Journal of Behavioral Development , vol.17 , pp. 753-777
    • Lösel, F.1    Bliesener, T.2
  • 50
    • 84971850939 scopus 로고
    • Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity
    • Masten, A. S., Best, K. M. and Garmezy, N. 1990. Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2: 425-444.
    • (1990) Development and Psychopathology , vol.2 , pp. 425-444
    • Masten, A.S.1    Best, K.M.2    Garmezy, N.3
  • 51
    • 0027673750 scopus 로고
    • Life-course-persistent' and 'adolescent-limited' antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy
    • Moffitt, T. E. 1993. 'Life-course-persistent' and 'adolescent-limited' antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100: 674-701.
    • (1993) Psychological Review , vol.100 , pp. 674-701
    • Moffitt, T.E.1
  • 52
    • 84984285946 scopus 로고
    • The onset and persistence of offending
    • Nagin, D. S. and Farrington, D. P. 1992. The onset and persistence of offending. Criminology, 30: 501-523.
    • (1992) Criminology , vol.30 , pp. 501-523
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Farrington, D.P.2
  • 53
    • 0039458989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent mothers and the criminal behavior of their children
    • Nagin, D. S., Farrington, D. P. and Pogarsky, G. 1997. Adolescent mothers and the criminal behavior of their children. Law and Society Review, 31: 137-162.
    • (1997) Law and Society Review , vol.31 , pp. 137-162
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Farrington, D.P.2    Pogarsky, G.3
  • 54
    • 0022462610 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for drug use among adolescents: Concurrent and longitudinal analyses
    • Newcomb, M. D., Maddahian, E. and Bentler, P. M. 1986. Risk factors for drug use among adolescents: Concurrent and longitudinal analyses. American Journal of Public Health, 76: 525-531.
    • (1986) American Journal of Public Health , vol.76 , pp. 525-531
    • Newcomb, M.D.1    Maddahian, E.2    Bentler, P.M.3
  • 55
    • 0002340647 scopus 로고
    • Developmental models for delinquent behavior
    • In: Hodgins S., editors Newbury Park: Sage
    • Patterson, G. R. and Yoerger, K. 1993. "Developmental models for delinquent behavior". In Mental disorder and crime, Edited by: Hodgins, S. Newbury Park: Sage.
    • (1993) Mental disorder and crime
    • Patterson, G.R.1    Yoerger, K.2
  • 56
    • 0031935557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience among black urban youth: Prevalence, intervention effects, and mechanisms of influence
    • Reynolds, A. J. 1998. Resilience among black urban youth: Prevalence, intervention effects, and mechanisms of influence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68: 84-100.
    • (1998) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 84-100
    • Reynolds, A.J.1
  • 58
    • 0002038917 scopus 로고
    • Protective Factors in Children's Responses to Stress and Disadvantage
    • In: Kent M. W., Rolf J., editors Hanover, NH: University Press of New England
    • Rutter, M. 1979. "Protective Factors in Children's Responses to Stress and Disadvantage". In Primary prevention of psychopathology, Vol III: Social competence in children, Edited by: Kent, M. W. and Rolf, J. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
    • (1979) Primary prevention of psychopathology, Vol III: Social competence in children
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 59
    • 0022003247 scopus 로고
    • Family and school influences on cognitive development
    • Rutter, M. 1985. Family and school influences on cognitive development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26: 683-704.
    • (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 683-704
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 60
    • 0023219004 scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms
    • Rutter, M. 1987. Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57: 316-331.
    • (1987) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 316-331
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 61
    • 0000345458 scopus 로고
    • Psychological resilience and protective mechanisms
    • In: Rolf J., Masten A. S., Cicchetti D., Nuechterlein K. H., Weintraub S., editors New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Rutter, M. 1990. "Psychological resilience and protective mechanisms". In Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology, Edited by: Rolf, J., Masten, A. S., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K. H. and Weintraub, S. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 63
    • 0001784504 scopus 로고
    • Early contributors to developmental risk
    • In: Rolf J., Masten A. S., Cicchetti D., Nuechterlein K. H., Weintraub S., editors New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Sameroff, A. J. and Seifer, R. 1990. "Early contributors to developmental risk". In Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology, Edited by: Rolf, J., Masten, A. S., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K. H. and Weintraub, S. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology
    • Sameroff, A.J.1    Seifer, R.2
  • 65
  • 66
    • 84984354284 scopus 로고
    • Two routes to delinquency: Differences between early and late starters in the impact of parenting and delinquency peers
    • Simons, R. L., Wu, C., Conger, R. D. and Lorenz, F. O. 1994. Two routes to delinquency: Differences between early and late starters in the impact of parenting and delinquency peers. Criminology, 32: 247-275.
    • (1994) Criminology , vol.32 , pp. 247-275
    • Simons, R.L.1    Wu, C.2    Conger, R.D.3    Lorenz, F.O.4
  • 67
    • 0000981354 scopus 로고
    • Resilient youth: Identifying factors that prevent high-risk youth from engaging in delinquency and drug use
    • In: Blau Z. S., Hagan J., editors Greenwich, CT: Jai Press
    • Smith, C., Lizotte, A. J., Thornberry, T. P. and Krohn, M. D. 1995. "Resilient youth: Identifying factors that prevent high-risk youth from engaging in delinquency and drug use". In Current perspectives on aging and the life cycle, Edited by: Blau, Z. S. and Hagan, J. Greenwich, CT: Jai Press.
    • (1995) Current perspectives on aging and the life cycle
    • Smith, C.1    Lizotte, A.J.2    Thornberry, T.P.3    Krohn, M.D.4
  • 68
    • 84984378507 scopus 로고
    • On the initiation and continuation of delinquency
    • Smith, D. A. and Brame, R. 1994. On the initiation and continuation of delinquency. Criminology, 32: 607-629.
    • (1994) Criminology , vol.32 , pp. 607-629
    • Smith, D.A.1    Brame, R.2
  • 69
    • 0002108054 scopus 로고
    • Family interaction and delinquent behavior
    • In: Quay H. C., editors New York: John Wiley and Sons
    • Snyder, J. and Patterson, G. R. 1987. "Family interaction and delinquent behavior". In Handbook of juvenile delinquency, Edited by: Quay, H. C. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    • (1987) Handbook of juvenile delinquency
    • Snyder, J.1    Patterson, G.R.2
  • 70
    • 0021353593 scopus 로고
    • Genesis and evolution of behavioral disorders: From infancy to early adult life
    • Thomas, A. and Chess, S. 1984. Genesis and evolution of behavioral disorders: From infancy to early adult life. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141: 1-9.
    • (1984) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.141 , pp. 1-9
    • Thomas, A.1    Chess, S.2
  • 71
    • 0023600005 scopus 로고
    • Toward an interactional theory of delinquency
    • Thornberry, T. P. 1987. Toward an interactional theory of delinquency. Criminology, 25: 863-891.
    • (1987) Criminology , vol.25 , pp. 863-891
    • Thornberry, T.P.1
  • 73
    • 0020841107 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stress and social supports on mother-child interactions in single and two-parent families
    • Weinraub, M. and Wolf, B. 1983. Effects of stress and social supports on mother-child interactions in single and two-parent families. Child Development, 54: 1297-1311.
    • (1983) Child Development , vol.54 , pp. 1297-1311
    • Weinraub, M.1    Wolf, B.2
  • 74
    • 0001924695 scopus 로고
    • Stress and protective factors in children's lives
    • In: Nichol A. R., editors New York: John Wiley and Sons
    • Werner, E. E. 1985. "Stress and protective factors in children's lives". In Longitudinal studies in child psychology and psychiatry, Edited by: Nichol, A. R. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    • (1985) Longitudinal studies in child psychology and psychiatry
    • Werner, E.E.1
  • 75
    • 0024586497 scopus 로고
    • High-risk children in young adulthood: A longitudinal study from birth to 32 years
    • Werner, E. E. 1989a. High-risk children in young adulthood: A longitudinal study from birth to 32 years. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59: 72-81.
    • (1989) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 72-81
    • Werner, E.E.1
  • 76
    • 0002768254 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability and resiliency: A longitudinal perspective
    • In: Brambring M., Lösel F., Skowronek H., editors New York: Walter de Gruyter and Co
    • Werner, E. E. 1989b. "Vulnerability and resiliency: A longitudinal perspective". In Children at risk: Assessment, longitudinal research, and intervention, Edited by: Brambring, M., Lösel, F. and Skowronek, H. New York: Walter de Gruyter and Co.
    • (1989) Children at risk: Assessment, longitudinal research, and intervention
    • Werner, E.E.1
  • 77
    • 0002030202 scopus 로고
    • Protective factors and individual resilience
    • In: Meisel S. J., Shonkoff J., editors New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Werner, E. E. 1990. "Protective factors and individual resilience". In Handbook of early intervention, Edited by: Meisel, S. J. and Shonkoff, J. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) Handbook of early intervention
    • Werner, E.E.1
  • 78
    • 84971957480 scopus 로고
    • Risk, resilience, and recovery: Perspectives from the kauai longitudinal study
    • Werner, E. E. 1993. Risk, resilience, and recovery: Perspectives from the kauai longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 5: 503-515.
    • (1993) Development and Psychopathology , vol.5 , pp. 503-515
    • Werner, E.E.1
  • 82
    • 0028126276 scopus 로고
    • Prevention as cumulative protection: Effects of early family support and education on chronic delinquency and its risks
    • Yoshikawa, H. 1994. Prevention as cumulative protection: Effects of early family support and education on chronic delinquency and its risks. Psychological Bulletin, 115: 28-54.
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.115 , pp. 28-54
    • Yoshikawa, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.