210Po and 210Pb activity in Chinese cigarettes

Health Physics

Volumn 96, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 543-549

  Schayer, Stephen ^a   Nowak, Barbara ^a   Wang, Yanling ^b   Qu, Qingshan ^a   Cohen, Beverly ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b PEKING UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (China)

Author keywords

210Pb; 210Po; Cigarettes; Inhalation

Indexed keywords

CHLORIDE; CIGARETTE SMOKE; LEAD 210; NICKEL; NITRIC ACID; POLONIUM; LEAD;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHINA; CHINESE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSIMETRY; HUMAN; INHALATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOACTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; TOBACCO; CHEMISTRY; EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

CHINA; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; LEAD RADIOISOTOPES; POLONIUM; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; TOBACCO;

EID: 65349153730     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.HP.0000342164.08042.9c     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bernstein D. A review of the influence of particle size, puff volume, and inhalation pattern on the deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the respiratory tract. Inhal Toxicol 16:675-689; 2004. (Pubitemid 39121798)
2. Black SC, Bretthauer EW. Polonium-210 in tobacco. Radiol Health Data Rep 9:145-152; 1968.
3. Cohen BS, Eisenbud M, Harley NH. Alpha radioactivity in cigarette smoke. Radiat Res 83:190-196; 1980.
4. DCAL. Dose and Risk Calculation Software v8.4, 11/1/2006 [online]. Oak Ridge: ORNL Center for Biokinetic and Dosimetric Research; 2006. Available at: http://ordose.ornl.gov/downloads.html. Accessed 15 September 2008.
5. 210Pb inhalation by cigarette smoking in Italy. Health Phys 92:58-63; 2007.
6. Federal Trade Commission. Federal Trade Commission cigarette testing request for public comment [online]. 1997. Available at: http://www.ftc.gov/os/ 1997/09/cigtest.htm. Accessed 22 July 2008.
7. Ferri ES, Christiansen H. Lead-210 in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Public Health Rep 82:828-832; 1967.
8. Gregory LP. Polonium-210 in leaf tobacco from four countries. Science 150:74-76; 1965.
9. Harley NH, Cohen BS. Polonium-210 in tobacco. In: Moghissi AA, Paras P, Carter MV, Barker RF, eds. Radioactivity in consumer products. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; NUREG/CP-0001; 1978.
10. HASL-300 Manual. Polonium in water and urine Po-01-RC [online]. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Measurements Laboratory; 1997. Available at: http://www.eml.st.dhs.gov/publications/procman. Accessed 22 July 2008.
11. Hill CR. Polonium-210 in man. Nature 208:423-428; 1965.
12. Holtzman RB, Ilcewicz FH. Lead-210 and polonium-210 in tissues of cigarette smokers. Science 153:1259-1260; 1966.
13. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Computation of age-dependent dose coefficients. Oxford: Pergamon Press, ICRP Publication 67; Ann ICRP 23(3/4); 1993.
14. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides. Oxford: Pergamon Press; ICRP Publication 71, Part 4; Ann ICRP 25(3/4); 1996.
15. 210Po on various metals and application for activity assessment in cigarette smoke. Appl Radiat Isot 47:409-411; 1996.
16. Kelley TF. Polonium-210 content of mainstream cigarette smoke. Science 149:537-538; 1965.
17. Khater AEM. Polonium-210 budget in cigarettes. J Environ Radioact 71:33-41; 2004.
18. Khater AEM. Polonium-210 in cigarette tobacco. Int J Low Radiat 3:224-233; 2006.
19. 210Pb concentration of cigarettes traded in Hungary and their estimated dose contribution due to smoking. Radiat Meas 42:1737-1741; 2007.
20. Leggett RW. An age-specific kinetic model of lead metabolism in humans. Environ Health Perspect 101:598-616; 1993.
21. Mackay J, Eriksen M. The tobacco atlas. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
22. Martell EA. Radioactivity of tobacco trichomes and insoluble cigarette smoke particles. Nature 249:215-217; 1974.
23. Melikian AA, Djordjevic MV, Hosey J, Zhang J, Chen S, Zang E, Muscat J, Stellman SD. Gender differences relative to smoking behavior and emissions of toxins from mainstream cigarette smoke. Nicotine Tob Res 9:377-387; 2007. (Pubitemid 46404269)
24. 210Po contents of tobacco and cigarette smoke. Health Phys 49:296-301; 1985.
25. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Exposure of the population in the United States and Canada from natural background radiation. Bethesda, MD: NCRP; NCRP Report 94; 1987.
26. 210Po bioassay for uranium mine workers in Japan for the personal exposure index to radon daughters. J Radiat Res 16:142-151; 1975.
27. Papastefanou C. Radiation dose from cigarette tobacco. Radiat Protect Dosim 123:68-73; 2007.
28. 210Po in cigarette tobacco produced in Brazil. J Environ Radioact 62:115-119; 2002.
29. Radford EP Jr, Hunt VR. Polonium-210: a volatile radioelement in cigarettes. Science 143:247-249; 1964.
30. Rajewsky B, Stahlhofen W. Polonium-210 activity in the lungs of cigarette smokers. Nature 209:1312-1313; 1966.
31. Robinson RJ, Yu CP. Deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the human respiratory tract. Aerosol Sci Technol 34:202-215; 2001.
32. Savidou A, Kehagia K, Eleftheriadis K. Concentration levels of Pb-210 and Po-210 in dry tobacco leaves in Greece. J Environ Radioact 85:94-102; 2006.
33. 210Pb from cigarette smoking in Poland. J Environ Radioact 57:221-230; 2001.
34. Tahir SNA, Alaamer AS. Pb-210 concentrations in cigarette tobaccos and radiation doses to the smokers. Radiat Protect Dosim 130:389-391; 2008.
35. 210Po to man. J Radioanalytical Nucl Chem 182:119-125; 1994.
36. Tso TC, Harley N, Alexander LT. Source of lead-210 and polonium-210 in tobacco. Science 153:880-882; 1966.