메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 315-323

The role of contingency and contiguity in young and older adults' causal learning

Author keywords

Associative processes; Causal learning; Cue utilization; Temporal context

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; CONTINGENCY TABLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GROUPS BY AGE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEARNING; LEARNING TEST; NORMAL HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 65349120862     PISSN: 10795014     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbp004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 23844503677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of a modified SOP model applied to retrospective revaluation of human causal learning
    • Aitken, M. R. F., & Dickinson, A. (2005). Simulations of a modified SOP model applied to retrospective revaluation of human causal learning. Learning and Behavior, 33, 147-159.
    • (2005) Learning and Behavior , vol.33 , pp. 147-159
    • Aitken, M.R.F.1    Dickinson, A.2
  • 2
    • 23844509591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contiguity and covariation in human causal inference
    • Buehner, M. J. (2005). Contiguity and covariation in human causal inference. Learning and Behavior, 33, 230-238.
    • (2005) Learning and Behavior , vol.33 , pp. 230-238
    • Buehner, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 65349102337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability and contiguity tradeoffs in human causal induction
    • L. Barsalou & M. Bucciarelli Eds, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Buehner, M. J., & McGregor, S. (2005). Probability and contiguity tradeoffs in human causal induction. In L. Barsalou & M. Bucciarelli (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 360-365). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society , pp. 360-365
    • Buehner, M.J.1    McGregor, S.2
  • 4
    • 0041048161 scopus 로고
    • Response- outcome contingency: Behavioral and judgmental effects of appetitive aversive outcomes and college students
    • Chatlosh, D. L., Neunaber, D. J., & Wasserman, E. A. (1985). Response- outcome contingency: Behavioral and judgmental effects of appetitive aversive outcomes and college students. Learning and Motivation, 16, 1-34.
    • (1985) Learning and Motivation , vol.16 , pp. 1-34
    • Chatlosh, D.L.1    Neunaber, D.J.2    Wasserman, E.A.3
  • 5
    • 0030074608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within compound associations mediate the retrospective revaluation of causality judgments
    • Dickinson, A., & Burke, J. (1996). Within compound associations mediate the retrospective revaluation of causality judgments. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49B, 60-80.
    • (1996) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.49 B , pp. 60-80
    • Dickinson, A.1    Burke, J.2
  • 8
    • 84980210366 scopus 로고
    • The effect of contingency upon the appetitive conditioning of free-operant behavior
    • Hammond, L. J. (1980). The effect of contingency upon the appetitive conditioning of free-operant behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 34, 297 - 304.
    • (1980) Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , vol.34 , pp. 297-304
    • Hammond, L.J.1
  • 9
    • 12444304433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The temporal context model in spatial navigation and relational learning: Toward a common explanation of medial temporal lobe function across domains
    • Howard, M. W., Fotedar, M. S., Datey, A. V., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2005). The temporal context model in spatial navigation and relational learning: Toward a common explanation of medial temporal lobe function across domains. Psychological Review, 112, 75 - 116.
    • (2005) Psychological Review , vol.112 , pp. 75-116
    • Howard, M.W.1    Fotedar, M.S.2    Datey, A.V.3    Hasselmo, M.E.4
  • 10
    • 0004088235 scopus 로고
    • New York, Penguin, Origi-nal work published
    • Hume, D. ( 1969 ). A treatise of human nature. New York : Penguin. (Origi-nal work published 1739).
    • (1739) A treatise of human nature
    • Hume, D.1
  • 12
    • 0030744435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging on conditional associative learning: Process analyses and comparison with focal frontal lesions
    • Levine, B., Stuss, D. T., & Milberg, W. P. (1997). Effects of aging on conditional associative learning: Process analyses and comparison with focal frontal lesions. Neuropsychology, 11, 367-381.
    • (1997) Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 367-381
    • Levine, B.1    Stuss, D.T.2    Milberg, W.P.3
  • 15
    • 0033819247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and reflective processes of working memory: Binding and test load deficits
    • Mitchell, K. J., Johnson, M. K., Raye, C. L., Mather, M., & D'Esposito, M. (2000). Aging and reflective processes of working memory: Binding and test load deficits. Psychology and Aging, 15, 527-541.
    • (2000) Psychology and Aging , vol.15 , pp. 527-541
    • Mitchell, K.J.1    Johnson, M.K.2    Raye, C.L.3    Mather, M.4    D'Esposito, M.5
  • 17
    • 34548637912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of age and prior beliefs in contingency judgment
    • Mutter, S. A., Strain, L. M., & Plumlee, L. F. ( 2007 ). The role of age and prior beliefs in contingency judgment. Memory and Cognition, 35, 875 - 884.
    • (2007) Memory and Cognition , vol.35 , pp. 875-884
    • Mutter, S.A.1    Strain, L.M.2    Plumlee, L.F.3
  • 18
    • 1542723375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and the detection of contingency in causal learning
    • Mutter, S. A., & Williams, T. ( 2004 ). Aging and the detection of contingency in causal learning. Psychology and Aging, 19, 13-26.
    • (2004) Psychology and Aging , vol.19 , pp. 13-26
    • Mutter, S.A.1    Williams, T.2
  • 20
    • 0026635574 scopus 로고
    • Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning
    • Phillips, R. G., & LeDoux, J. E. (1992). Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, 274-285.
    • (1992) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.106 , pp. 274-285
    • Phillips, R.G.1    LeDoux, J.E.2
  • 21
    • 38649087013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age on contextually mediated associations in paired associate learning
    • Provyn, J. P., Sliwinski, M. J., & Howard, M. W. (2007). Effects of age on contextually mediated associations in paired associate learning. Psy-chology and Aging, 22, 846 - 857.
    • (2007) Psy-chology and Aging , vol.22 , pp. 846-857
    • Provyn, J.P.1    Sliwinski, M.J.2    Howard, M.W.3
  • 22
    • 65349168992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raven, J. C., Raven, J., & Court, J. H. (1989). Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale (U.S. edition, 1985 revision). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.
    • Raven, J. C., Raven, J., & Court, J. H. (1989). Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale (U.S. edition, 1985 revision). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.
  • 23
    • 0002588472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings
    • F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse Eds, 2nd ed, pp, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Raz, N. (2000). Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook ofaging and cognition (2nd ed., pp. 1-90). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2000) The handbook ofaging and cognition , pp. 1-90
    • Raz, N.1
  • 24
    • 0032619116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of a stimulus filling an action-outcome delay in human judgments of causal effectiveness
    • Reed, P. (1999). Role of a stimulus filling an action-outcome delay in human judgments of causal effectiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 92-102.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , vol.25 , pp. 92-102
    • Reed, P.1
  • 25
    • 0002109138 scopus 로고
    • A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonrein- forcement
    • A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy Eds, New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts
    • Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonrein- forcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts.
    • (1972) Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory , pp. 64-99
    • Rescorla, R.A.1    Wagner, A.R.2
  • 26
    • 58149204885 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the influence of speed on adult age differences in cognition
    • Salthouse, T. A. (1994). The nature of the influence of speed on adult age differences in cognition. Developmental Psychology, 30(2), 240-259.
    • (1994) Developmental Psychology , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 240-259
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 27
    • 0030194684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The processing speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
    • Salthouse, T. A. ( 1996 ). The processing speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, 403-128.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 403-128
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 28
    • 58149206091 scopus 로고
    • Decomposing adults age differences in working memory
    • Salthouse, T. A., & Babcock, R. L. (1991). Decomposing adults age differences in working memory. Developmental Psychology, 27, 763-776.
    • (1991) Developmental Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 763-776
    • Salthouse, T.A.1    Babcock, R.L.2
  • 29
    • 0032458664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time as content in Pavlovian conditioning
    • Savastano, H. I., & Miller, R. R. (1998). Time as content in Pavlovian conditioning. Behavioural Processes, 44, 147-162.
    • (1998) Behavioural Processes , vol.44 , pp. 147-162
    • Savastano, H.I.1    Miller, R.R.2
  • 30
    • 38249033674 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition functions in contingency judgment
    • Shanks, D. R. (1987). Acquisition functions in contingency judgment. Learning and Motivation, 18, 147-166.
    • (1987) Learning and Motivation , vol.18 , pp. 147-166
    • Shanks, D.R.1
  • 31
    • 0025923279 scopus 로고
    • Instrumental judgment and performance under variations in action-outcome contingency and contiguity
    • Shanks, D. R., & Dickinson, A. (1991). Instrumental judgment and performance under variations in action-outcome contingency and contiguity. Memory & Cognition, 19, 353-360.
    • (1991) Memory & Cognition , vol.19 , pp. 353-360
    • Shanks, D.R.1    Dickinson, A.2
  • 33
    • 33747038930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective cue utilization reduces memory errors in older adults
    • Thomas, A. K., & Bulevich, J. B. (2006). Effective cue utilization reduces memory errors in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 21, 379 - 389.
    • (2006) Psychology and Aging , vol.21 , pp. 379-389
    • Thomas, A.K.1    Bulevich, J.B.2
  • 34
    • 0000464410 scopus 로고
    • Cue competition in causality judgments: The role of nonpresentation of compound stimulus elements
    • Van Hamme, L. J., & Wasserman, E. A. ( 1994 ). Cue competition in causality judgments: The role of nonpresentation of compound stimulus elements. Learning and Motivation, 25, 127 - 151.
    • (1994) Learning and Motivation , vol.25 , pp. 127-151
    • Van Hamme, L.J.1    Wasserman, E.A.2
  • 35
    • 0002283156 scopus 로고
    • SOP: A model of automatic memory processing in ani-mal behavior
    • N. E. Spear & R. Miller Eds, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum
    • Wagner, A. R. (1981). SOP: A model of automatic memory processing in ani-mal behavior. In N. E. Spear & R. Miller (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms (pp. 5 - 47 ). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms , pp. 5-47
    • Wagner, A.R.1
  • 36
    • 0000898294 scopus 로고
    • Perception of causal relations in humans: Factors affecting judgments of response-outcome contingencies under free-operant procedures
    • Wasserman, E. A., Chatlosh, D. L., & Neunaber, D. J. (1983). Perception of causal relations in humans: Factors affecting judgments of response-outcome contingencies under free-operant procedures. Learning and Motivation, 14, 406 - 432.
    • (1983) Learning and Motivation , vol.14 , pp. 406-432
    • Wasserman, E.A.1    Chatlosh, D.L.2    Neunaber, D.J.3
  • 38
    • 65349189621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wechsler, D. ( 1997 ). Wechsler adult intelligence scale ( 3rd ed. ). San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corp. Young, M. E., Rogers, E. T., & Beckmann, J. S. ( 2005 ). Causal impressions: Predicting when, not just whether. Memory and Cognition, 33, 320 - 331.
    • Wechsler, D. ( 1997 ). Wechsler adult intelligence scale ( 3rd ed. ). San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corp. Young, M. E., Rogers, E. T., & Beckmann, J. S. ( 2005 ). Causal impressions: Predicting when, not just whether. Memory and Cognition, 33, 320 - 331.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.