Two modeling approaches for reverberation in a shallow water waveguide where the scattering arises from a sub-bottom interface

Journal of Computational Acoustics

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 29-43

  Holland, Charles W ^a   Ellis, Dale D ^a,b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ocean reveberation models; Sub bottom scattering

Indexed keywords

EID: 65249131739     PISSN: 0218396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0218396X09003847     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. R. J. Urick, Generalized form of the sonar equations, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34 (1962) 547-550.
2. K. V. Mackenzie, Long-range shallow water reverberation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34 (1962) 62-66.
3. J. X. Zhou, The analytical method of angular power spectrum, range and depth structure of echo-reverberation ratio in shallow water sound field, Acta Acust. (China) 5(2) (1980) 86-99.
4. J.-X Zhou, D. H. Guan, E. C. Shang and E. S. Luo, Long-range reverberation and bottom scattering strength in shallow water, Chin. J. Acoust. 1 (1982) 54-63.
5. C. H. Harrison, Closed-form expressions for ocean reverberation and signal excess with mode stripping and Lambert's law, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 (2003) 2744-2756.
6. H. P. Bucker and H. E. Morris, Normal-mode reverberation in channels or ducts, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 44 (1968) 827-828.
7. D. D. Ellis, A shallow-water normal-mode reverberation model, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 (1995) 2804-2814.
8. H. Weinberg, Generic Sonar Model (Naval Underwater Systems Center, New London, CT, June 1985).
9. K. B. Smith and F. D. Tappert, UMPE: The University of Miami Parabolic Equation Model, Version 1.1, Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL) Technical Memorandum 432, 1993.
10. H. G. Schneider, Surface loss, scattering, and reverberation with the split-step parabolic wave equation model, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93 (1993) 770-781.
11. C. W. Holland, R. Hollett and L. Troiano, A measurement technique for bottom scattering in shallow water, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 (2000) 997-1011.
12. C. W. Holland, Shallow water coupled scattering and reflection measurements, IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 27 (2002) 454-470.
13. N. C. Makris and P. Ratilal, A unified model for reverberation and submerged object scattering in a stratified ocean waveguide, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109 (2001) 909-941.
14. X. Lurton, The range averaged intensity model: A tool for underwater acoustic field analysis, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 17 (1991) 138-149.
15. K. D. LePage and C. H. Harrison, Bistatic reverberation benchmarking exercise: BiStaR versus analytic formulas (A), J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113 (2003) 2333-2334.
16. A. N. Ivakin, A unified approach to volume and roughness scattering, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 (1998) 827-837.
17. L. Guillon and X. Lurton, Backscattering from buried sediment layers: The equivalent input backscattering strength model, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109 (2001) 122-132.
18. C. W. Holland, Constrained comparison of ocean reverberation theory and observations, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120 (2006) 1922-1931.
19. D. Jackson, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington (APL-UW), unpublished notes on Reciprocity of the Green's Function in Media with Position-Dependent Sound Speed and Density.
20. 0. J. H. Stockhausen, Scattering from the volume of an inhomogeneous halfspace, Report 63/9, Naval Research Establishment (now DRDC Atlantic), Dartmouth, NS, Canada (1963).
21. L. M. Brekovskikh and O. A. Godin, Acoustics of Layered Media (Springer, 1998).
22. D. D. Ellis, A two-ended shooting technique for calculating normal modes in underwater acoustic propagation, Defence Research Establishment Atlantic, Dartmouth NS, Canada, DREA Report 85/105, September 1985.
23. R. Zhang and G. Jin, Normal-mode theory of average reverberation intensity in shallow water, J. Sound and Vib. 119 (1987) 215-223.
24. C. T. Tindle and D. E. Weston, Connection of acoustic beam displacement, cycle distances, and attenuations for rays and normal modes, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67 (1980) 1614-1622.
25. D. E. Weston, Intensity-range relations in oceanographic acoustics, J. Sound and Vib. 18 (1971) 271-287.