Towards an independent European agency to fight fraud and corruption in the EU?

European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 331-346

  Vervaele, J A E ^a,b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies Department   (Belgium)

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EID: 64949197914     PISSN: 09289569     EISSN: 15718174     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/15718179920518907     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. This Committee of independent experts consists of the Chairman, A. Middelhoek (former Chairman of the European Court of Auditors), I.-B. Ahlenius (Auditor-General of the Swedish Court of Auditors), J.A. Carillo Salcedo (former member of the European Court of Human Rights), P. Lelong (Chairman of the French Court of Auditors) and W. van Gerven (Professor of Law and former Advocate General at the European Court of Justice).
2. D. Comijs, Europese structuurfondsen. Uitvoering en handhaving in Nederland (Deventer 1998).
3. S. White, Protection of the Financial Interests of the European Communities: The Fight against Fraud and Corruption (Deventer 1998).
4. See J.A.E. Vervaele, Fraud against the Community (Deventer 1992), p. 85 et seq.
5. J.A.E. Vervaele, 'Community Regulation and Operational Application of Investigative Powers', in Vervaele (ed.), Transnational Enforcement of the Financial Interests of the European Union (Antwerp-Groningen 1999).
6. J.A.E. Vervaele, 'Transnational Cooperation of Enforcement Authorities in the Community Area', in Vervaele (ed.), Compliance and Enforcement of European Community Law (The Hague/London 1999).
7. Because this regulation is an elaboration of Article 8 of the Fraud Regulation 2988/95, Pb 1995, L 312, VAT is hereby excluded. The Member States are very keen on fiscal autonomy. This is in sharp contrast to increasing transnational VAT anti-competition fraud. See J.A.E. Vervaele (ed.), La lutte contra la fraude à la TVA dans l'Union Européenne (Antwerp-Apeldoorn 1996), and the special report by the European Court of Auditors on the protection of the EU's financial interests in the field of VAT, Pb C 356.
8. See L. Kuhl and H. Spitzer, 'Die Verordnung (Euratom, EG) Nr. 2185/96 des Rates über die Kontrollbefugnisse der Kommission im Bereich der Betrugsbekämpfung', EuZW (1998), pp. 37-44.
9. See Agence Europe, 22 January 1999, p. 15.
10. Speech/99/6, website europa.eu.int.
11. J.A.E. Vervaele, 'Transnational cooperation of enforcement authorities in the Community area', in Vervaele et al. (eds.), Compliance and Enforcement of European Community Law (Deventer 1999).
12. Corpus Juris, Intersentia Rechtswetenschappen (Antwerp/Groningen 1998).
13. J.A.E. Vervaele, 'Law Enforcement in Community Law within the first and third pillar: do they stand alone?', The Finnish Yearbook of International Law (1996), Volume VII, pp. 353-368.
14. See the Work Programme 1998/1999, supra.
15. Europol Work Programme 1999, not published.