Punishing pardon: Some thoughts on the origins of penal transportation

Penal Practice and Culture, 1500-1900: Punishing the English

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 121-137

  Herrup, Cynthia ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 64949128836     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230523241     Document Type: Chapter

References (42)

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2. Abbot Emerson Smith, Colonists in Bondage: White Servitude and Convict labour in America 1607-1776 (Chapel Hill, 1947), 92-9.
3. Smith, Colonists in Bondage, 103-6.
4. J.M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England, 1660-1800 (Princeton, 1986), 478-80.
5. Joanna Innes, ''The role of transportation in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English penal practice', in Carl Bridge, ed. New Perspectives in Australian History (1990), 6.
6. Abbot Emerson Smith, 'The transportation of convicts to the American colonies in the seventeenth century', AHR, 39 (1933-34), 237-8.
7. Philip Jenkins, 'From gallows to prison? The execution rate in early modern England', CJH, 7 (1986), x.
8. Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer, Punishment and Social Structure (New York, 1939, 1968), 58ff.
9. Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, The Many-Headed Hydra (Boston, 2000), esp.chaps 2-3.
10. A. Roger Ekirch, Bound for America: The Transportation of British Convicts to the Colonies 1718-1775 (Oxford, 1987), 11.
11. Acts of the Privy Council of England, Colonial, (hereafter APC) ed. W.L. Grant and James Munro (Hereford, 1908) i, 28-9.
12. A.L. Beier, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Poblem in England 1560-1640 (1984), 162-4.
13. Rusche and Kirchheimer, Punishment and Social Structure, 58ff.
14. John Langbein, Torture and the Law of Proof (Chicago, 1977), 40-1.
15. Naomi Hurnard, The King's Pardon for Homicide (Oxford, 1969), 311-25.
16. Thomas A. Green, Verdict According to Conscience (Chicago, 1985), 105-29.
17. Krista Kesselring, Mercy and Authority in the Tudor State (Cambridge, 2003).
18. J.S. Cockburn, Calendar of Assize Records: Introduction (1985), 126-7.
19. Bacon, 'On plantations', in The Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral, ed. Michael Kiernan (Cambridge, Mass, 1985), 106.
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21. Beattie, Crime and the Courts, 476.
22. Smith, Colonists in Bondage, 108-9, 136-52.
23. Sir William Holdsworth, A History of English Law (1938), xi, 569.
24. Jeaffreson, Middlesex County Records, iii, 100, 230.
25. H. Maxwell-Lyte, Historical Notes on the Use of the Great Seal of England (1926), 267-70, 297-9, 332ff.
26. Jacob, New Law Dictionary, s.v. 'pardon'; Krista Kesselring, 'To pardon and punish: Mercy and Authority in Tudor England', PhD thesis, Queen's University (Ontario), 2000, 25.
27. G.E. Aylmer, The King's Servants: The Civil Servants of Charles I (1961), 99-100, 197ff.
28. J.H. Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History (1990), 89-95.
29. William Lambarde, Eirenarcha: Or of the Office of the Justices of Peace (1581), 37-8.
30. J.H. Bellamy, Criminal Law and Society in Late Medieval and Tudor England (1984), 34.
31. Edward Powell, Kingship, Law and Society: Criminal Justice in the Reign of Henry V (Oxford, 1989), 91.
32. Maxwell-Lyte, Historical Notes, 215.
33. Kesselring, 'To Pardon and to Punish', 85-9, 92-102.
34. David Dean, Law-Making and Society in Late Elizabethan England (Cambridge, 1996), 55-62; 36.
35. Sir Edward Coke, Institutes of the Laws of England (1644), iii, c.55.
36. Blair Worden, The Rump Parliament (Cambridge, 1974), 89-90, 312.
37. Austin Woolrych, From Commonwealth to Protectorate (Oxford, 1982), 290, 366-9.
38. Peter Brett, 'Conditional pardons and the commutation of death sentences', Modern Law Review, 20 (1957), 133-5.
39. Helen A Nutting, 'The most wholesome law: the Habeus Corpus Act of 1679', AHR, 65 (1960), 532-4.
40. J.M. Beattie, 'The Cabinet and the management of death at Tyburn after the revolution of 1688-1689', in Lois G. Schwoerer, ed., The Revolution of 1688-1689: Changing Perspectives (Cambridge, 1992), 218-33.
41. Beattie, Policing and Punishment, 310-11, 318.
42. Smith, 'Transportation of convicts', 248.