Controversies in the treatment of cervical spine dislocations

Spine Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 418-423

  Lee, Joon Y ^a   Nassr, Ahmad ^b   Eck, Jason C ^c   Vaccaro, Alexander R ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cervical spine; Dislocation; Facet; Trauma

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CASE REPORT; CERVICAL SPINE; CERVICAL SPINE DISLOCATION; CERVICAL SPINE FRACTURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FRACTURE REDUCTION; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPEN REDUCTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCREENING TEST; SPINE STABILIZATION; SPINE SURGERY; SPIRAL COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; SURGICAL APPROACH; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

ADULT; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISLOCATIONS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FRACTURE FIXATION; HUMANS; MALE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; SPINAL CORD INJURIES;

EID: 64849112133     PISSN: 15299430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.01.005     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Allen Jr. B.L., Ferguson R.L., Lehmann T.R., and O'Brien R.P. A mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine 7 (1982) 1-27
2. Vaccaro A.R., Madigan L., Schweitzer M.E., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of soft tissue disruption after flexion-distraction injuries of the subaxial cervical spine. Spine (2001) 1866-1872
3. Hoffman J., Mower W., Wolfson A.B., Todd K.H., and Zucker M.I. Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. N Engl J Med 343 (2000) 94-99
4. Marion D.W., Domeier R., Dunham C.M., Luchette F.A., and Haid R. EAST practice management guidelines for identifying cervical spine injuries following trauma. update. Available at:. www.EAST.org Accessed June 2, 2008
5. Davies G., Deakin C., and Wilson A. The effect of a rigid collar on intracranial pressure. Injury 27 (1996) 647-649
6. Richards P.J. Cervical spine clearance: a review. Injury 36 (2005) 248-269
7. Ajani A.E., Cooper D.J., Scheinkestrel C.D., Laidlaw J., and Tuxen D.V. Optimal assessment of cervical spine trauma in critically ill patients: a prospective evaluation. Anaesth Intensive Care 26 (1998) 487-491
8. Daffner R.H. Helical CT of the cervical spine for trauma patients: a time study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 177 (2001) 677-679
9. Berlin L. CT versus radiography for initial evaluation of cervical spine trauma: what is the standard of care?. AJR Am J Roentgenol 180 (2003) 911-915
10. Widder S., Doig C., Burrowes P., et al. Prospective evaluation of computed tomographic scanning for the spinal clearance of obtunded trauma patients: preliminary results. J Trauma 56 (2004) 1179-1184
11. McCulloch P.T., France J., Jones D.L., et al. Helical computed tomography alone compared with plain radiographs with adjunct computed tomography to evaluate the cervical spine after high-energy trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87 (2005) 2388-2394
12. Barba C.A., Taggert J., Morgan A.S., et al. A new cervical spine clearance protocol using computed tomography. J Trauma 51 (2001) 652-657
13. Harrop J.S., Sharan A., Anderson G., et al. Failure of standard imaging to detect a cervical fracture in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Spine 30 (2005) E417-E419
14. Tomycz N.D., Chew B.G., Chang Y.F., et al. MRI is unnecessary to clear the cervical spine in obtunded/comatose trauma patients: the four-year experience of a level I trauma center. J Trauma 64 (2008) 1258-1263
15. Menaker J., Philp A., Boswell S., and Scalea T.M. Computed tomography alone for cervical spine clearance in the unreliable patients- are we there yet?. J Trauma 64 (2008) 898-904
16. Spiteri V., Kotnis R., Singh P., et al. Cervical dynamic screening in spinal clearance: now redundant. J Trauma 61 (2006) 1171-1177
17. Padayachee L., Cooper J., Irons S., et al. Cervical spine clearance in unconscious traumatic brain injury patients: dynamic flexion-extension fluoroscopy versus computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstructions. J Trauma 60 (2006) 341-345
18. AANS Consensus Statement. Management of vertebral artery injuries after nonpenetrating cervical trauma. Neurosurgery 50 3 Suppl (2002) S173-S178
19. Eismont F.J., Arean M.J., and Green B.A. Extrusion of an intervertebral disc associated with traumatic subluxation or dislocation of cervical facets. Case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73 (1991) 1555-1560
20. Vaccaro A.R., Falatyn S.P., Flanders A.E., et al. Magnetic resonance evaluation of the intervertebral disc, spinal ligaments, and spinal cord before and after closed traction reduction of cervical spine dislocations. Spine 24 (1999) 1210-1217
21. Lu K., Lee T.C., and Chen H.J. Closed reduction of bilateral locked facets of the cervical spine under general anesthesia. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140 (1998) 1055-1061
22. Darsaut T.E., Ashforth R., Bhargava R., et al. A pilot study of magnetic resonance imaging-guided closed reduction of cervical spine fractures. Spine (2006) 2085-2090
23. Grauer J, Vaccaro A, Lee JY, Nassr A. The timing and influence of MRI on the management of patients with cervical facet dislocations remains highly variable: A survey of members of the Spine Trauma Study Group. J Spinal Disord Tech, accepted for publication.
24. Grant G.A., Morza S.K., Chapman J.R., et al. Risk of early closed reduction in cervical spine subluxation injuries. J Neurosurg 90 (1999) 13-18
25. Cotler J.M., Herbison G.J., Nasuti J.F., et al. Closed reduction of traumatic cervical spine dislocation using traction weights up to 140 pounds. Spine 18 (1993) 386-390
26. AANS Consensus Statement. Initial closed reduction of cervical spine fracture-dislocation injuries. Neurosurgery 50 3 Suppl. (2002) S44-S50
27. Brodke D.S., Anderson P.A., Newell D.W., et al. Comparison of anterior and posterior approaches in cervical spinal cord injuries. J Spinal Disord Tech 16 (2003) 229-235
28. Harrington J.F., and Park M.C. Single level arthrodesis as treatment for midcervical fracture subluxation: a cohort study. J Spinal Disord Tech 20 (2007) 42-48
29. Kim S.M., Lim T.J., Paterno J., Park J., and Kim D.H. A biomechanical comparison of three surgical approaches in bilateral subaxial cervical facet dislocation. J Neurosurg Spine 1 (2004) 108-115
30. Koivikko M.P., Myllynen P., and Santavirta S. Fracture dislocations of the cervical spine: a review of 106 conservatively and operatively treated patients. Eur Spine J 13 (2004) 610-616
31. Mizuno J., Nakagawa H., Inoue T., et al. Spinal instrumentation for interfacet locking injuries of the subaxial cervical spine. J Clin Neurosci 14 (2007) 49-52
32. Pateder D.B., and Carbone J.J. Lateral mass screw fixation for cervical spine trauma: associated complications and efficacy in maintaining alignment. Spine J 6 (2006) 40-43
33. Payer M. Immediate open anterior reduction and antero-posterior fixation/fusion for bilateral cervical locked facets. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 147 (2005) 509-514
34. Reindl R., Ouellet J., Harvey E.J., Berry G., and Arlet V. Anterior reduction for cervical spine dislocation. Spine 31 (2006) 648-652
35. Song K.J., and Lee K.B. Anterior versus combined anterior and posterior fixation/fusion in the treatment of distraction-flexion injury in the lower cervical spine. J Clin Neurosci 15 (2008) 36-42
36. Nassr A., Lee J.Y., Dvorak M.F., et al. Variations in surgical treatment of cervical facet dislocations. Spine 33 (2008) E188-E193