A randomised trial of the effectiveness of topical amethocaine in reducing pain during arterial puncture
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Double-blind comparison of lignocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) and lignocaine infiltration for arterial cannulation in adults
Smith M, Gray BM, Ingram S, Jewkes DA. Double-blind comparison of lignocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) and lignocaine infiltration for arterial cannulation in adults. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65:240-242.
Local infiltration prior to arterial puncture for blood gas analysis: A survey of current practise and a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial
Lightowler JVJ, Elliott MW. Local infiltration prior to arterial puncture for blood gas analysis: a survey of current practise and a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. J R Coll Phys London 1997; 31:645-646.
Guidelines for the measurement of respiratory function
British Thoracic Society and Association of Respiratory Technicians and Physiologists
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Analgesia for venous cannulation: A comparison of EMLA (5 min application), lignocaine, ethyl chloride, and nothing
Selby IR, Bowles BJM. Analgesia for venous cannulation: a comparison of EMLA (5 min application), lignocaine, ethyl chloride, and nothing. J R Soc Med 1995; 88:264-267.
Efficacy of ethyl chloride as a local anaesthetic agent for venepuncture & intravenous cannula insertion in a paediatric emergency department
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Use of ethyl chloride topical anaesthesia to reduce procedural pain in paediatric oncology patients
Zappa SC, Nabors SB. Use of ethyl chloride topical anaesthesia to reduce procedural pain in paediatric oncology patients. Cancer Nurs 1992; 15:130-136.