Relationship between spontaneous and iatrogenic hypoglycemia and mortality in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction

JAMA

Volumn 301, Issue 15, 2009, Pages 1556-1564

  Kosiborod, Mikhail ^a,b   Inzucchi, Silvio E ^c   Goyal, Abhinav ^d   Krumholz, Harlan M ^c   Masoudi, Frederick A ^e   Xiao, Lan ^a   Spertus, John A ^a,b  

^a SAINT LUKE S MID AMERICA HEART INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY   (United States)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; NITRATE; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AGED; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INSULIN TREATMENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; BLOOD; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART INFARCTION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; RISK;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BLOOD GLUCOSE; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INSULIN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK;

EID: 64749086505     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.496     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Kosiborod M, Rathore SS, Inzucchi SE, et al. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation. 2005;111(23):3078-3086.
2. Bellodi G, Manicardi V, Malavasi V, et al. Hyperglycemia and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64(14):885-888.
3. Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet. 2000;355(9206): 773-778.
4. Foo K, Cooper J, Deaner A, et al. A single serum glucose measurement predicts adverse outcomes across the whole range of acute coronary syndromes. Heart. 2003;89(5):512-516.
5. Iwakura K, Ito H, Ikushima M, et al. Association between hyperglycemia and the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(1):1-7.
6. Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S; SPRINT Study Group. Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Am J Med. 1993;94(3):265-273.
7. Madsen JK, Haunsoe S, Helquist S, et al. Prevalence of hyperglycaemia and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand. 1986;220(4):329-332.
8. Mak KH, Mah PK, Tey BH, Sin FL, Chia G. Fasting blood sugar level: a determinant for in-hospital outcome in patients with first myocardial infarction and without glucose intolerance. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1993;22(3):291-295.
9. O'Sullivan JJ, Conroy RM, Robinson K, Hickey N, Mulcahy R. In-hospital prognosis of patients with fasting hyperglycemia after first myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care. 1991;14(8):758-760.
10. Oswald GA, Corcoran S, Yudkin JS. Prevalence and risks of hyperglycaemia and undiagnosed diabetes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1984;1(8389):1264-1267.
11. Oswald GA, Smith CC, Betteridge DJ, Yudkin JS. Determinants and importance of stress hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293(6552):917-922.
12. Sala J, Masia R, Gonzalez de Molina FJ, et al; REGICOR Investigators. Short-term mortality of myocardial infarction patients with diabetes or hyperglycaemia during admission. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56(9):707-712.
13. Sewdarsen M, Jialal I, Vythilingum S, Govender G, Rajput MC. Stress hyperglycaemia is a predictor of abnormal glucose tolerance in Indian patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diabetes Res. 1987; 6(1):47-49.
14. Wahab NN, Cowden EA, Pearce NJ, Gardner MJ, Merry H, Cox JL; ICONS Investigators. Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(10):1748-1754.
15. Yudkin JS, Oswald GA. Stress hyperglycemia and cause of death in non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987;294 (6574):773.
16. Bolk J, van der Ploeg T, Cornel JH, Arnold AE, Sepers J, Umans VA. Impaired glucose metabolism predicts mortality after a myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 2001;79(2-3):207-214.
17. Oswald GA, Yudkin JS. Hyperglycaemia following acute myocardial infarction: the contribution of undiagnosed diabetes. Diabet Med. 1987;4(1):68-70.
18. Wong VW, Ross DL, Park K, Boyages SC, Cheung NW. Hyperglycemia: still an important predictor of adverse outcomes following AMI in the reperfusion era. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;64(2):85-91.
19. Hadjadj S, Coisne D, Mauco G, et al. Prognostic value of admission plasma glucose and HbA in acute myocardial infarction. Diabet Med. 2004;21(4): 305-310.
20. Stranders I, Diamant M, van Gelder RE, et al. Admission blood glucose level as risk indicator of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164 (9):982-988.
21. Ishihara M, Inoue I, Kawagoe T, et al. Impact of acute hyperglycemia on left ventricular function after reperfusion therapy in patients with a first anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2003; 146(4):674-678.
22. Svensson AM, McGuire DK, Abrahamsson P, Dellborg M. Association between hyper- and hypoglycaemia and 2 year all-cause mortality risk in diabetic patients with acute coronary events. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(13):1255-1261.
23. Kadri Z, Danchin N, Vaur L, et al. Major impact of admission glycaemia on 30-day and one-year mortality in non diabetic patients admitted for myocardial infarction: results from the nationwide French USIC 2000 study. Heart. 2005;92(7):910-915.
24. Suleiman M, Hammerman H, Boulos M, et al. Fasting glucose is an important independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Circulation. 2005; 111(6):754-760.
25. Meier JJ, Deifuss S, Klamann A, Launhardt V, Schmiegel WH, Nauck MA. Plasma glucose at hospital admission and previous metabolic control determine myocardial infarct size and survival in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: the Langendreer Myocardial Infarction and Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients Assessment (LAMBDA). Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(10):2551-2553.
26. Kosiborod M, Inzucchi SE, Krumholz HM, et al. Glucometrics in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: defining the optimal outcomesbased measure of risk. Circulation. 2008;117(8): 1018-1027.
27. Goyal A, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Prognostic significance of the change in glucose level in the first 24 h after acute myocardial infarction: results from the CARDINAL study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(11):1289-1297.
28. Malmberg K; DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. BMJ. 1997;314(7093):1512-1515.
29. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, et al; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction); American College of Emergency Physicians; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Thoracic Surgeons; American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction): developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons: endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Circulation. 2007;116(7):e148- e304.
30. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. http://www.acc.org/qualityandscience/ clinical/guidelines/stemi/STEMI %20Full%20Text.pdf. Accessibility verified March 26, 2009.
31. Deedwania P, Kosiborod M, Barrett E, et al. Hyperglycemia and acute coronary syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2008; 117(12):1610-1619.
32. Wiener RS, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(8):933-944.
33. Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(5):449-461.
34. Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Milants I, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: benefit versus harm. Diabetes. 2006; 55(11):3151-3159.
35. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1359-1367.
36. Pinto DS, Skolnick AH, Kirtane AJ, et al; TIMI Study Group. U-shaped relationship of blood glucose with adverse outcomes among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(1):178-180.
37. Mitrakou A, Ryan C, Veneman T, et al. Hierarchy of glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms, and cerebral dysfunction. Am J Physiol. 1991;260(1 pt 1):E67- E74.
38. Swinnen SG, Mullins P, Miller M, Hoekstra JB, Holleman F. Changing the glucose cut-off values that define hypoglycaemia has a major effect on reported frequencies of hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia. 2009; 52(1):38-41.
39. Workgroup on Hypoglycemia, American Diabetes Association. Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes: a report from the American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(5):1245-1249.
40. Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, et al; Acute Kidney Injury Network. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R31.
41. Mellbin LG, Malmberg K, Waldenstrom A, Wedel H, Ryden L. Prognostic implications of hypoglycemic episodes during hospitalisation for myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a report from the DIGAMI 2 trial. Heart. November 24, 2008. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2008.152835.
42. Goldberg PA, Siegel MD, Sherwin RS, et al. Implementation of a safe and effective insulin infusion protocol in a medical intensive care unit. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(2):461-467. (doi:10.1001/jama.2009.460)