Clinical Significance of Incidental Focal Versus Diffuse Thyroid Uptake on FDG-PET Imaging

PET Clinics

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 321-329

  Chen, Wengen ^a   Li, Geming ^a   Parsons, Molly ^a   Zhuang, Hongming ^a,b   Alavi, Abass ^a  

^a HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

Author keywords

FDG PET; Incidental uptake; Thyroid

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18;

BENIGN TUMOR; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG UPTAKE; HUMAN; INCIDENTAL FINDING; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIMARY TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; THYROID CANCER; THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA; THYROID TUMOR;

EID: 64749085751     PISSN: 15568598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2008.04.001     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Ollenberger G.P. Staging of lung cancer with integrated PET-CT. N Engl J Med 350 1 (2004) 86-87 [author reply: 86-87]
2. Terasawa T., Nihashi T., Hotta T., et al. 18F-FDG PET for posttherapy assessment of Hodgkin's disease and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a systematic review. J Nucl Med 49 1 (2008) 13-21
3. Walker R.C., Jones-Jackson L.B., Martin W., et al. New imaging tools for the diagnosis of infection. Future Microbiol 2 5 (2007) 527-554
4. Zhuang H., Duarte P.S., Pourdehnad M., et al. The promising role of 18F-FDG PET in detecting infected lower limb prosthesis implants. J Nucl Med 42 1 (2001) 44-48
5. Nakamoto Y., Tatsumi M., Hammoud D., et al. Normal FDG distribution patterns in the head and neck: PET/CT evaluation. Radiology 234 3 (2005) 879-885
6. Gordon B.A., Flanagan F.L., and Dehdashti F. Whole-body positron emission tomography: normal variations, pitfalls, and technical considerations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169 6 (1997) 1675-1680
7. Shreve P.D., Anzai Y., and Wahl R.L. Pitfalls in oncologic diagnosis with FDG PET imaging: physiologic and benign variants. Radiographics 19 1 (1999) 150-151 [quiz: 61-77]
8. Tan G.H., and Gharib H. Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging. Ann Intern Med 126 3 (1997) 226-231
9. Cohen M.S., Arslan N., Dehdashti F., et al. Risk of malignancy in thyroid incidentalomas identified by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Surgery 130 6 (2001) 941-946
10. Kang K.W., Kim S.K., Kang H.S., et al. Prevalence and risk of cancer of focal thyroid incidentaloma identified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for metastasis evaluation and cancer screening in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 9 (2003) 4100-4104
11. Kim T.Y., Kim W.B., Ryu J.S., et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in thyroid from positron emission tomogram (PET) for evaluation in cancer patients: high prevalence of malignancy in thyroid PET incidentaloma. Laryngoscope 115 6 (2005) 1074-1078
12. Are C., Hsu J.F., Schoder H., et al. FDG-PET detected thyroid incidentalomas: need for further investigation?. Ann Surg Oncol 14 1 (2007) 239-247
13. Chen Y.K., Ding H.J., Chen K.T., et al. Prevalence and risk of cancer of focal thyroid incidentaloma identified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for cancer screening in healthy subjects. Anticancer Res 25 2B (2005) 1421-1426
14. Chu Q.D., Connor M.S., Lilien D.L., et al. Positron emission tomography (PET) positive thyroid incidentaloma: the risk of malignancy observed in a tertiary referral center. Am Surg 72 3 (2006) 272-275
15. Bogsrud T.V., Karantanis D., Nathan M.A., et al. The value of quantifying 18F-FDG uptake in thyroid nodules found incidentally on whole-body PET-CT. Nucl Med Commun 28 5 (2007) 373-381
16. Choi J.Y., Lee K.S., Kim H.J., et al. Focal thyroid lesions incidentally identified by integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT: clinical significance and improved characterization. J Nucl Med 47 4 (2006) 609-615
17. Yi J.G., Marom E.M., Munden R.F., et al. Focal uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose by the thyroid in patients undergoing initial disease staging with combined PET/CT for non-small cell lung cancer. Radiology 236 1 (2005) 271-275
18. Nam S.Y., Roh J.L., Kim J.S., et al. Focal uptake of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose by thyroid in patients with nonthyroidal head and neck cancers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 67 1 (2007) 135-139
19. King D.L., Stack Jr. B.C., Spring P.M., et al. Incidence of thyroid carcinoma in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-positive thyroid incidentalomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 137 3 (2007) 400-404
20. Yasuda S., Shohtsu A., Ide M., et al. Chronic thyroiditis: diffuse uptake of FDG at PET. Radiology 207 3 (1998) 775-778
21. Karantanis D., Bogsrud T.V., Wiseman G.A., et al. Clinical significance of diffusely increased 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland. J Nucl Med 48 6 (2007) 896-901
22. Kurata S., Ishibashi M., Hiromatsu Y., et al. Diffuse and diffuse-plus-focal uptake in the thyroid gland identified by using FDG-PET: prevalence of thyroid cancer and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Ann Nucl Med 21 6 (2007) 325-330
23. Burguera B., and Gharib H. Thyroid incidentalomas: prevalence, diagnosis, significance, and management. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 29 1 (2000) 187-203
24. Boerner A.R., Voth E., Theissen P., et al. Glucose metabolism of the thyroid in Graves' disease measured by F-18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Thyroid 8 9 (1998) 765-772
25. Chen Y.K., Wang Y.F., and Chiu J.S. Diagnostic trinity: Graves' disease on F-18 FDG PET. Clin Nucl Med 32 10 (2007) 816-817
26. Van den Bruel A., Maes A., De Potter T., et al. Clinical relevance of thyroid fluorodeoxyglucose-whole body positron emission tomography incidentaloma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 4 (2002) 1517-1520
27. Davis P.W., Perrier N.D., Adler L., et al. Incidental thyroid carcinoma identified by positron emission tomography scanning obtained for metastatic evaluation. Am Surg 67 6 (2001) 582-584
28. Nakhjavani M.K., Gharib H., Goellner J.R., et al. Metastasis to the thyroid gland: a report of 43 cases. Cancer 79 3 (1997) 574-578
29. Lam K.Y., and Lo C.Y. Metastatic tumors of the thyroid gland: a study of 79 cases in Chinese patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med 122 1 (1998) 37-41
30. Dong C., and Hemminki K. Second primary neoplasms among 53 159 haematolymphoproliferative malignancy patients in Sweden, 1958-1996: a search for common mechanisms. Br J Cancer 85 7 (2001) 997-1005
31. Ueno M., Muto T., Oya M., et al. Multiple primary cancer: an experience at the Cancer Institute Hospital with special reference to colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 8 3 (2003) 162-167
32. Ramos C.D., Chisin R., Yeung H.W., et al. Incidental focal thyroid uptake on FDG positron emission tomographic scans may represent a second primary tumor. Clin Nucl Med 26 3 (2001) 193-197
33. Borner A.R., Voth E., Wienhard K., et al. [F-18-FDG PET in autonomous goiter]. Nuklearmedizin 38 1 (1999) 1-6 [in German]
34. Karlander S.G., Khan A., Wajngot A., et al. Glucose turnover in hyperthyroid patients with normal glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68 4 (1989) 780-786
35. Filetti S., Damante G., and Foti D. Thyrotropin stimulates glucose transport in cultured rat thyroid cells. Endocrinology 120 6 (1987) 2576-2581
36. Hosaka Y., Tawata M., Kurihara A., et al. The regulation of two distinct glucose transporter (GLUT1 and GLUT4) gene expressions in cultured rat thyroid cells by thyrotropin. Endocrinology 131 1 (1992) 159-165
37. Moog F., Linke R., Manthey N., et al. Influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels on uptake of FDG in recurrent and metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 41 12 (2000) 1989-1995
38. van Tol K.M., Jager P.L., Piers D.A., et al. Better yield of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma during thyrotropin stimulation. Thyroid 12 5 (2002) 381-387
39. Chin B.B., Patel P., Cohade C., et al. Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation of fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography uptake in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 1 (2004) 91-95
40. Are C., Hsu J.F., Ghossein R.A., et al. Histological aggressiveness of fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomogram (FDG-PET)-detected incidental thyroid carcinomas. Ann Surg Oncol 14 11 (2007) 3210-3215
41. Lam A.K., Lo C.Y., and Lam K.S. Papillary carcinoma of thyroid: a 30-yr clinicopathological review of the histological variants. Endocr Pathol 16 4 (2005) 323-330
42. Michels J.J., Jacques M., Henry-Amar M., et al. Prevalence and prognostic significance of tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Hum pathol 38 2 (2007) 212-219
43. Prendiville S., Burman K.D., Ringel M.D., et al. Tall cell variant: an aggressive form of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122 3 (2000) 352-357
44. Siironen P., Louhimo J., Nordling S., et al. Prognostic factors in papillary thyroid cancer: an evaluation of 601 consecutive patients. Tumour Biol 26 2 (2005) 57-64