The role of physical injury in motor and sensory conversion symptoms: A systematic and narrative review

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Volumn 66, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 383-390

  Stone, Jon ^a   Carson, Alan ^a   Aditya, Hosakere ^b   Prescott, Robin ^a   Zaubi, Mohammad ^b   Warlow, Charles ^a   Sharpe, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b ST JOHN'S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Conversion disorder; Etiology; Physical injury

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVERSION DISORDER; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HEMIPARESIS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PARAPLEGIA; SENSORY DYSFUNCTION;

AGE FACTORS; COMORBIDITY; CONVERSION DISORDER; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SENSATION DISORDERS; TIME FACTORS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 64549137977     PISSN: 00223999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.07.010     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Perkin G.D. An analysis of 7836 successive new outpatient referrals. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52 (1989) 447-448
2. Maddison P. Neurology training in the United Kingdom: a diagnostic analysis of over 5000 patients. J Neurol 252 (2005) 605-607
3. Trimble M.R. Post-traumatic neurosis: from railway spine to the whiplash (1981), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
4. Fahn S., and Williams D.T. Psychogenic dystonia. Adv Neurol 50 (1988) 431-455
5. Hammer H.M. Astasia-abasia: a report of two cases at West Point. Am J Psychiatry 124 (1967) 671-674
6. Dickes R.A. Brief therapy of conversion reactions: an in-hospital technique. Am J Psychiatry 131 (1974) 584-586
7. Carden N.L., and Schramel D.J. Observations of conversion reactions seen in troops involved in the Vietnam conflict. Am J Psychiatry 123 (1966) 21-31
8. Blinder D., Rotenberg L., and Taicher S. Conversion disorder after maxillofacial trauma and surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 25 (1996) 116-118
9. Dickson H., Cole A., Engel S., and Jones R.F. Conversion reaction presenting as acute spinal cord injury. Med J Aust 141 (1984) 427-429
10. Watanabe T.K., O'Dell M.W., and Togliatti T.J. Diagnosis and rehabilitation strategies for patients with hysterical hemiparesis: a report of four cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79 (1998) 709-714
11. Bhalerao S., and Barua M. Conversion disorder in a patient with diffuse axonal injury. Can J Psychiatry 49 (2004) 217
12. Fishbain D.A., Goldberg M., Khalil T.M., Asfour S.S., Abdel-Moty E., Meagher B.R., et al. The utility of electromyographic biofeedback in the treatment of conversion paralysis. Am J Psychiatry 145 (1988) 1572-1575
13. Parisod E., Murray R.F., and Cousins M.J. Conversion disorder after implant of a spinal cord stimulator in a patient with a complex regional pain syndrome. Anesth Analg 96 (2003) 201-206
14. Janssen B.A., Theiler R., Grob D., and Dvorak J. The role of motor evoked potentials in psychogenic paralysis. Spine 20 (1995) 608-611
15. Ferrante F.M., Rana M.V., and Ferrante M.A. Conversion disorder mimicking Dejerine-Roussy syndrome (thalamic stroke) after spinal cord stimulation. Reg Anesth Pain Med 29 (2004) 164-167
16. Keane J.R. Hysterical hemiparesis accompanying Bell's palsy. Neurology 43 (1993) 1619
17. Zhang Z.Y., Yuan Y.M., Yan B.W., Tian Y.Q., Wang W., and Fan L.M. An observation of 1316 cases of hysterical paralysis treated by acupuncture. J Tradit Chin Med 7 (1987) 113-115
18. Stone J., Smyth R., Carson A., Lewis S., Prescott R., Warlow C., et al. Systematic review of misdiagnosis of conversion symptoms and "hysteria". BMJ 331 (2005) 989
19. Ferrari R., and Schrader H. The late whiplash syndrome: a biopsychosocial approach. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70 (2001) 722-726
20. Micale M.S. Charcot and Les nevroses traumatiques: scientific and historical reflections. J Hist Neurosci 4 (1995) 101-119
21. Page H.W. Injuries of the spine and spinal cord without apparent mechanical lesions (1883), J. & A. Churchill, London
22. Oppenheim H. (trans. Bruce A.). Textbook of nervous diseases (1911), Schulze, Edinburgh
23. Fox C.D. The psychopathology of hysteria (1913), Richard G. Badger, The Gorham Press, Boston
24. Janet P. The major symptoms of hysteria (1907), Macmillan, London
25. Malleson A. Whiplash and other useful illnesses (2002), McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal
26. Miller H. Accident neurosis. BMJ. 1961;i:919-925, 992-998.
27. Murray J., Ehlers A., and Mayou R.A. Dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder: two prospective studies of road traffic accident survivors. Br J Psychiatry 180 (2002) 363-368
28. Bryant R.A., and Panasetis P. The role of panic in acute dissociative reactions following trauma. Br J Clin Psychol 44 (2005) 489-494
29. Mayou RA. Psychiatric consequences of motor vehicle accidents. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2002;25:27-41, vi.
30. Roelofs K., Keijsers G.P., Hoogduin K.A., Naring G.W., and Moene F.C. Childhood abuse in patients with conversion disorder. Am J Psychiatry 159 (2002) 1908-1913
31. Jawad S.S., Jamil N., Clarke E.J., Lewis A., Whitecross S., and Richens A. Psychiatric morbidity and psychodynamics of patients with convulsive pseudoseizures. Seizure 4 (1995) 201-206
32. Binzer M., and Eisemann M. Childhood experiences and personality traits in patients with motor conversion symptoms. Acta Psychiatr Scand 98 (1998) 288-295
33. Betts T., and Boden S. Diagnosis, management and prognosis of a group of 128 patients with non-epileptic attack disorder. Part II. Previous childhood sexual abuse in the aetiology of these disorders. Seizure 1 (1992) 27-32
34. Le Pera D., Graven-Nielsen T., Valeriani M., Oliviero A., Di Lazzaro V., Tonali P.A., et al. Inhibition of motor system excitability at cortical and spinal level by tonic muscle pain. Clinical Neurophysiology 112 (2001) 1633-1641
35. Farina S., Tinazzi M., Le Pera D., and Valeriani M. Pain-related modulation of the human motor cortex. Neurol Res 25 (2003) 130-142
36. Birklein F., Riedl B., Sieweke N., Weber M., and Neundorfer B. Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes-analysis of 145 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 101 (2000) 262-269
37. Veldman P.H., Reynen H.M., Arntz I.E., and Goris R.J. Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 342 (1993) 1012-1016
38. Bell D.A., Collie D., and Statham P.F. Cauda equina syndrome: what is the correlation between clinical assessment and MRI scanning?. Br J Neurosurg 21 (2007) 201-203
39. Merskey H., and Buhrich N.A. Hysteria and organic brain disease. Br J Med Psychol 48 (1975) 359-366
40. Crimlisk H.L., Bhatia K., Cope H., David A., Marsden C.D., and Ron M.A. Slater revisited: 6 year follow up study of patients with medically unexplained motor symptoms. BMJ 316 (1998) 582-586
41. Whitlock F.A. The aetiology of hysteria. Acta Psychiatr Scand 43 (1967) 144-162
42. Kapfhammer H.P., Dobmeier P., Mayer C., and Rothenhausler H.B. Conversion syndromes in neurology. A psychopathological and psychodynamic differentiation of conversion disorder, somatization disorder and factitious disorder. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 48 (1998) 463-474
43. Ebel H., and Lohmann T. Clinical criteria for diagnosing conversion disorders. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 3 (1995) 193-200
44. Lempert T., Dieterich M., Huppert D., and Brandt T. Psychogenic disorders in neurology: frequency and clinical spectrum. Acta Neurol Scand 82 (1990) 335-340
45. Lecompte D. Organic disease and associated psychopathology in a patient group with conversion symptoms. Acta Psychiatr Belg 87 (1987) 662-669
46. Folks D.G., Ford C.V., and Regan W.M. Conversion symptoms in a general hospital. Psychosomatics 25 (1984) 285
47. Stone J, Sharpe M. Functional paralysis and sensory disturbance. In: Hallett M, Lang AE, Fahn S, Cloninger CR, Jankovic J, Yudofsky SC, editors. Psychogenic movement disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins and the American Academy of Neurology, 2005.
48. Vuilleumier P., Chicherio C., Assal F., Schwartz S., Skusman D., and Landis T. Functional neuroanatomical correlates of hysterical sensorimotor loss. Brain 124 (2001) 1077-1090