Is the healthy middle ear a normally sterile site?

Otology and Neurotology

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 174-177

  Westerberg, Brian D ^a   Kozak, Frederick K ^b   Thomas, Eva E ^c   Blondel Hill, Edith ^c   Brunstein, John D ^c   Patrick, David M ^d  

^a CENTRE FOR HEALTH EVALUATION AND OUTCOME SCIENCES   (Canada)

^b BC CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^c CHILDREN S AND WOMEN S HEALTH CENTRE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bacteriology; Cochlear implants; Ear, middle; Polymerase chain reaction; Virology

Indexed keywords

CEFAZOLIN; BACTERIAL DNA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY TUBE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMPLANTATION; MALE; MIDDLE EAR; NASOPHARYNX; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION; OTITIS MEDIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; AGED; BACTERIUM; CULTURE MEDIUM; EAR SURGERY; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; INFANT; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIROLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BACTERIA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION; CULTURE MEDIA; DNA, BACTERIAL; EAR, MIDDLE; EUSTACHIAN TUBE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NASOPHARYNX; OTOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SPECIMEN HANDLING;

EID: 64549088432     PISSN: 15317129     EISSN: 15374505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31819225a0     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Faden H, Duffy L, Wasielewski R, et al. Relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children. Tonawanda/Williamsville Pediatrics. J Infect Dis 1997;175:1440-5.
2. Brook I, Gober AE. Recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of otitis media-prone children and their smoking and nonsmoking parents. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;131:509-12.
3. Brook I, Gober AE. In vitro bacterial interference in the nasopharynx of otitis media-prone and non-otitis media-prone children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;126:1011-3.
4. Hall-Stoodley L, Hu FZ, Gieseke A, et al. Direct detection of bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media. JAMA 2006;296:202-11.
5. Thomas EE, Book LE. Comparison of two rapid methods for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (TestPack RSV and Ortho RSV ELISA) with direct immunofluorescence and virus isolation for the diagnosis of pediatric RSV infection. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:632-5.
6. Brunstein J, Thomas E. Direct screening of clinical specimens for multiple respiratory pathogens using the Genaco Respiratory Panels 1 and 2. Diagn Mol Pathol 2006;15:169-73.
7. Brunstein JD, Cline CL, McKinney S, et al. Evidence from multiplex molecular assays for complex multipathogen interactions in acute respiratory infections. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:97-102.
8. Karlidag T, Bulut Y, Keles E, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in children with otitis media with effusion: a preliminary report. Laryngoscope 2005;115:1262-5.
9. Hendolin PH, Markkanen A, Ylikoski J, et al. Use of multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of four bacterial species in middle ear effusions. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:2854-8.
10. Pitkaranta A, Jero J, Arruda E, et al. Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus in otitis media with effusion. J Pediatr 1998;133:390-4.
11. Tonnaer EL, Rijkers GT, Meis JF, et al. Genetic relatedness between pneumococcal populations originating from the nasopharynx, adenoid, and tympanic cavity of children with otitis media. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:3140-4.
12. Roos K, Hakansson EG, Holm S. Effect of recolonisation with "interfering" alpha streptococci on recurrences of acute and secretory otitis media in children: randomised placebo controlled trial [see comment]. BMJ 2001;322:210-2.
13. Hirsch BE, Blikas A, Whitaker M. Antibiotic prophylaxis in cochlear implant surgery. Laryngoscope 2007;117:864-7.
14. Green KM, Bhatt YM, Saeed SR, et al. Complications following adult cochlear implantation: experience in Manchester. J Laryngol Otol 2004;118:417-20.
15. Mulder J, Tonnaer E, Mylanus E, et al. Bacterial presence of bacteria in the tympanic cavity during cochlear implantation in healthy and otitis prone patients. In: Program and Abstracts of the 10th International Conference on Cochlear Implants and Other Implantable Auditory Technologies. San Diego, CA, 2008.