Family Support in the Aftermath of Trauma

Handbook of Stress, Trauma, and the Family

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 231-260

  Hawkins, Summer Sherburne ^a   Manne, Sharon L ^b  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 64249098453     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (120)

1. Abel, E. K. (1989). The ambiguities of social support: Adult daughters caring for frail elderly parents. Journal of Aging Studies, 3, 211-230.
2. Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavioral profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
3. Acitelli, L. K. (1996). The neglected link between marital support and marital satisfaction. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 83-103). New York: Plenum.
4. Alferi, S. M., Carver, C. S., Antoni, M. H., Weiss, S., & Duran, R. E. (2001). An exploratory study of social support, distress, and life disruption among low-income Hispanic women under treatment for early stage breast cancer. Health Psychology, 20, 41-46.
5. Antonucci, T. C, & Jackson, J. S. (1990). The role of reciprocity in social support. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 173-198). New York: Wiley.
6. Avioli, P. S. (1989). The social support functions of siblings in later life. American Behavioral Scientist, 33, 45-57.
7. Bachanas, P. J., Kullgren, K. A., Schwartz, K., McDaniel, J. S., Smith, J., & Nesheim, S. (2001). Psychological adjustment in caregivers of school-age children infected with HIV: Stress, coping, and family factors. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 26, 331-342.
8. Bachar, E., Canetti, L., Bonne, O., Denour, A. K., & Shalev, A. Y. (1997). Psychological well-being and ratings of psychiatric symptoms in bereaved Israeli adolescents: Differential effects of war- versus accident-related bereavement. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 402-406.
9. Barath, A. (2002). Psychological status of Sarajevo children after war: 1999-2000 survey. Croatian Medical Journal, 43, 213-220.
10. Barbarin, O. A., Hughes, D., & Chesler, M. A. (1985). Stress, coping, and marital functioning among parents of children with cancer. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 473-480.
11. Barrera, M. (1981). Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents: Assessment issues. In B. H. Gotlieb (Ed.), Social networks and social support (pp. 69-96). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
12. Barrera, M., Jr. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413-445.
13. Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75, 81-95.
14. Bloom, J. R., & Spiegel, D. (1984). The relationship of two dimensions of social support to the psychological well-being and social functioning of women with advanced breast cancer. Social Science and Medicine, 19, 831-837.
15. Böiger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79 (6), 953-961.
16. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss, Vol. 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
17. Bretherton, I., Walsh, R., & Lependorf, M. (1996). Social support in postdivorce families. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 345-373). New York: Plenum.
18. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748-766.
19. Brody, E. M., Hoffman, C., Kleban, M., & Schoonover, C. B. (1989). Caregiving daughters and their local siblings: Perceptions, strains, and interactions. Journal of Gerontology, 29, 529-538.
20. Burleson, B. R., & Kunkel, A. W. (1996). The socialization of emotional support skills in childhood. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 105-140). New York: Plenum.
21. Burlew, K., Tefair, J., Colangelo, L., & Wright, E. C. (2000). Factors that influence adolescent adjustment to sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 25, 287-299.
22. Camras, L. A., Ribordy, S., Hill, J., Martino, S., Sachs, V., Spaccarelli, S., & Stefani, R. (1990). Maternal facial behavior and the recognition and production of emotional expression by maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Developmental Psychology, 26, 304-312.
23. Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Kenardy, J. A., Webster, R. A., Hazell, P. L., Carter, G. L., & Williamson, M. (1997). Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: III. Role of vulnerability factors in post-disaster morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 27, 179-190.
24. Cauce, A. (1986). Social networks and social competence: Exploring the effects of early adolescent friendships. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14 (6), 607-628.
25. Cauce, A. M., Reid, M., Landesman, S., & Gonzales, N. (1990). Social support in young children: Measurement, structure, and behavioral impact. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 64-94). New York: Wiley.
26. Champion, K. M., & Roberts, M. C. (2001). The psychological impact of a parent's chronic illness on the child. In C. E. Walker & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Handbook of clinical child psychology (3rd ed., pp. 1057-1073). New York: Wiley.
27. Cohen, D. S., Friedrich, W. N., Jaworski, T. M., Copeland, D., & Pendergrass, T. (1994). Pediatric cancer: Predicting sibling adjustment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 303-319.
28. Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
29. Compas, B. E., Warsham, N. L., Epping-Jordan, J. E., Grant, K. E., Mireault, G., Howell, D. C, & Malcarne, V. L. (1994). When mom or dad has cancer: Markers of psychological distress in cancer patients, spouses, and children. Health Psychology, 13, 507-515.
30. Creasey, G. L., Myers, B. J., Epperson, M., & Taylor, J. (1990). Couples with an elderly parent with Alzheimer's disease: Perceptions of familial relationships. Psychiatry, 53, 44-51.
31. Crouter, A., Head, M., Bumpus, M., & McHale, S. (2001). Household chores: Under what conditions do mothers lean on daughters? New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 94, 23-41.
32. Cutrona, C. E. (1996). Social support as a determinant of marital quality. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 173-194). New York: Plenum.
33. Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319-366). New York: Wiley.
34. 7 supportive interactions. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 113-135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35. Derogatis, L. R., & Spencer, P. (1982). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSD administration scoring and procedures manual-L Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
36. DeRosier, M. E., & Kupersmidt, J. (1991). Costa Rican children's perceptions of their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 27, 656-662.
37. Drotar, D., & Crawford, P. (1985). Psychological adaptation of siblings of chronically ill children: Research and practice implications. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 6, 355-362.
38. Dunn, J., & Munn, P. (1986). Siblings and the development of prosocial behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 9, 265-284.
39. Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 21, 1016-1024.
40. Furman, L., Zurayk, H., Chaya, M., Saadeh, F., Meshefedjian, G., & Sidani, T. (1993). The impact of war on the physical and mental health of the family: The Lebanese experience. Social Science and Medicine, 36, 1555-1567.
41. Galea, S., Ahern, J., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D., Bucuvalas, M., Gold, J., & Vlahov, D. (2002). Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. The New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 982-987.
42. Gantzel, K., & Schwinghammer, T. (1995). Die Kriege nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, 1945 bis 1992: Daten und Tendenzen [Wars since World War II, 1945 to 1992: Figures and trends]. Munster, Germany: Lit Verlag.
43. Gardner, E. (1998). Siblings of chronically ill children: Towards an understanding of process. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3, 213-227.
44. Garmezy, N. (1983). Stressors of childhood. In H. Garmezy & M. Rutter (Eds.), Stress, coping, and development in children (pp. 43-84). New York: McGraw-Hill.
45. Grant, K. E., & Compas, B. E. (1995). Stress and anxious-depressed symptoms among adolescents: Searching for mechanisms of risk. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 1015-1021.
46. Grassi, L, Righi, R., Sighinolfi, L., Makoui, S., & Ghinelli, F. (1998). Coping styles and psy-chosocial-related variables in HIV-infected patients. Psychosomatics, 39, 350-359.
47. Gray, R. E. (1987). Adolescent response to the death of a parent. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 511-525.
48. Greenberg, J. S., & Keane, A. (2001). Risk factors for chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms and behavior problems in children and adolescents following a home fire. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 18, 205-221.
49. Gurwitch, R. H., Sitterle, K. A., Young, B. H., & Pfefferbaum, B. (2002). The aftermath of terrorism. In A. M. La Greca, W. K. Silverman, E. M. Vernberg, & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
50. Haley, W. E., Roth, D. L., Coleton, M. L, Ford, G. R., West, C. A. C, Collins, R. P., Isobe, T. L. (1996). Appraisal, coping, and social support as mediators of well-being in black and white family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 121-129.
51. Harter, S. (1985). Manual for the social support scale for children. Denver, CO: Author.
52. Hazzard, A., Christensen, A., & Margolin, G. (1983). Children's perceptions of parental behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 49-60.
53. Hobfoll, S. E., & Stephens, M. A. P. (1990). Social support during extreme stress: Consequences and Intervention. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 454-481). New York: Wiley.
54. Holeva, V., Tarrier, N., & Wells, A. (2001). Prevalence and predictors of acute stress disorder and PTSD following road traffic accidents: Thought control strategies and social support. Behavior Therapy, 32, 65-83.
55. Ingram, K. M., Jones, D. A., Fass, R. J., Neidig, J. L., & Song, Y. S. (1999). Social support and unsupportive social interactions: Their association with depression among people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 11, 313-329.
56. Jacobs, G. A., Boero, J. V., Quevillon, R. P., Todd-Bazemore, E., Elliott, T. L., & Reyes, G. (2002). Floods. In A. M. La Greca, W. K. Silverman, E. M. Vernberg, & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism (pp. 157-174). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
57. Johnson, B. K., & Kenkel, M. B. (1991). Stress, coping, and adjustment in female adolescent incest victims. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 293-305.
58. Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F. H. (1993). A test of the social support deterioration model in the context of natural disaster. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 395-406.
59. Karanci, N. A., Alkan, N., Aksit, B., Sucuoglu, H., & Turkey, L. (1999). Gender differences in psychological distress, coping, social support, and related variables following the 1995 Dinal (Turkey) earthquake. North American Journal of Psychology, 1, 189-204.
60. Kazak, A., & Meadows, A. T. (1989). Families of young adolescents who have survived cancer: Social-emotional adjustment, adaptability, and social support. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 14, 175-192.
61. Kazak, A. E., Stuber, M. L., Barakat, L. P., Meeske, K., Guthrie, D., & Meadows, A. T. (1998). Predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers and fathers of survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 823-831.
62. Kessler, R. C. (1991). Perceived support and adjustment to stress: methodological considerations. In H. O. F. Veiel & U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 259-271). New York: Hemisphere.
63. Kliewer, W., Lepore, S. J., Oskin, D., & Johnson, P. D. (1998). The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 199-209.
64. Kliewer, W., Murrelle, L., Mojia, R., Torres de G. Y., & Angold, A. (2001). Exposure to violence against a family member and internalizing symptoms in Colombian adolescents: The protective effects of family support. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 971-982.
65. Klingman, A. (2002). Children under stress of war. In A. M. La Greca, W. K. Silverman, E. M. Vernberg, & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism (pp. 359-380). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
66. Kupersmidt, J. B., Shahinfar, A., & Voegler-Lee, M. E. (2002). Children's exposure to community violence. In A. M. La Greca, W. K. Silverman, E. M. Vernberg, & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism (pp. 381-401). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
67. La Greca, A., & Bearman, K. (2002). The diabetes social support questionnaire-family version: Evaluating adolescents' diabetes-specific support from family members. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27(8), 665-676.
68. La Greca, A., & Prinstein, M. J. (2002). Hurricanes and earthquakes. In A. M. La Greca, W. K. Silverman, E. M. Vernberg, & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism (pp. 107-138). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
69. La Greca, A., Silverman, W. K., Vernberg, E. M., & Prinstein, M. J. (1996). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress in children after Hurricane Andrew: A prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 712-723.
70. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
71. Lehman, D. R., Lang, E. L., Wortman, C. B., & Sorenson, S. B. (1989). Long-term effects of sudden bereavement: Marital and parent-child relationships and children's reactions. Journal of Family Psychology, 2, 344-367.
72. Leslie, L. A., & Grady, K. (1985). Changes in mother's social networks and social support following divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 663-673.
73. Lussier, G., Deater-Deckard, K., Dunn, J., & Davies, L. (2002). Support across two generations: Children's closeness to grandparents following parental divorce and remarriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 363-376.
74. Manne, S. (1998). Cancer in the martial context: A review of the literature. Cancer Investigation, 16, 188-202.
75. Manne, S. L. (1999). Intrusive thoughts and psychological distress among cancer patients: The role of spouse avoidance and criticism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 539-546.
76. Manne, S., Alfieri, T., Taylor, K., & Dougherty, J. (1999). Preferences for spousal support among individuals with cancer. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 722-749.
77. Manne, S., DuHamel, K., Nereo, N., Ostroff, L., Parsons, S., Martini, R., Williams, S., Mee, L., Sexson, S., Wu, L., Difede, K., & Redd, W. H. (2002). Predictors of PTSD in mothers of children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: The role of cognitive and social processes. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 607-617.
78. Manne, S., & Miller, D. (1998). Social support, social conflict, and adjustment among adolescents with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 23, 121-130.
79. Manne, S. L., Pape, S. J., Taylor, K. L., & Dougherty, J. (1999). Spouse support, coping, and mood among individuals with cancer. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 111-121.
80. Manne, S., & Schnoll, R. (2001). Measuring supportive and unsupportive responses during cancer treatment: A factor analytic assessment of the partner responses to cancer inventory. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 297-321.
81. Manne, S. L., & Zautra, A. J. (1989). Spouse criticism and support: Their association with coping and psychological adjustment among women with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 608-617.
82. McCloskey, L. A., Figueredo, A. J., & Koss, M. P. (1995). The effects of systemic family violence on children's mental health. Child Development, 66, 1239-1261.
83. McCubbin, H. I., & Patterson, J. M. (1983). Family adaptation to crises. In H. I. McCubbin, A. E. Cauble, & J. M. Patterson (Eds.), Family stress, coping, and social support (pp. 26-47). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
84. McFarlane, A. C, & Yehuda, R. (1996). Resilience, vulnerability, and the course of posttraumatic reactions. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society (pp. 155-181). New York: Guilford.
85. Michultka, D., Blanchard, E. B., & Kalous, T. (1998). Responses to civilian war experiences: Predictors of psychological functioning and coping. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 571-577.
86. Molassiotis, A., van den Akker, O. B., & Boughton, B. J. (1997). Perceived social support, family environment, and psychosocial recovery in bone marrow transplant long-term survivors. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 317-325.
87. Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1986). Family environment scale manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
88. Nestmann, F., & Niepel, G. (1994). Social support in single-parent families: Children as sources of support. In F. Nestmann & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Social networks and social support in children and adolescence (pp. 323-345). New York: Walter de Gruyter.
89. Norbeck, J. S., Lindsey, A. M., & Carrieri, V. L. (1981). The development of an instrument to measure social support. Nursing Research, 30, 264-269.
90. Norris, F., & Murrell, S. (1987). Transitory impact of life-event stress on psychological symptoms in older adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 197-211.
91. Nott, K. H., Vedhara, K., & Power, M. J. (1995). The role of social support in HIV infection. Psychological Medicine, 25, 971-983.
92. Olson, D., Portner, J., & Bell, R. (1982). FACES II. In D. H. Olson, H. I. McCubbin, H. Barnes, A. Larsen, M. Muxen, & M. Wilson (Eds.), Family inventories (pp. 5-23). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
93. Pierce, G. R., Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., Joseph, H. J., & Henderson, C. A. (1996). Conceptualizing and assessing social support in the context of the family. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 3-23). New York: Plenum.
94. Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J. (1996). Family stress and social support among caregivers to persons with Alzheimer's disease. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 467-494). New York: Plenum.
95. Power, M. J., & Champion, L. A. (1991). The significant other scale. In D. Milne (Ed.), Assessment: A mental health portfolio (pp. 18-29). London: NFER-Nelson.
96. Procidano, M. E., & Heller, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 1-24.
97. Rook, K. (1984). The negative side of social interactions: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.
98. Rossman, B. B. R., Bingham, R. D., & Emde, R. N. (1997). Symptomatology and adaptive functioning for children exposed to normative stressors, dog attack, and parental violence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1089-1097.
99. Sack, W. H., McSharry, S., Clarke, G. N., Kinney, R., Seeley, J., & Lewinsohn, P. (1994). The Khmer adolescent project I: Epidemiologic findings in two generations of Cambodian refugees. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 387-395.
100. Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 127-183.
101. Sarason, B. R., Pierce, G. R., Bannerman, A., & Sarason, I. G. (1993). Investigating the antecedents of perceived social support: Parents' views of and behavior toward their children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1071-1085.
102. Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., Shearin, E. N., & Pierce, G. R. (1987). A brief measure of social support: Practical and theoretical implications. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4, 497-510.
103. Siegel, K., Karus, D., & Raveis, V. H. (1996). Adjustment of children facing the death of a parent due to cancer. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 442-450.
104. Siegel, K., Mesagno, F. P., Karus, D., Christ, G., Banks, K., & Moynihan, R. (1992). Psychosocial adjustment of children with a terminally ill parent. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 327-333.
105. Solomon, Z. (2001). The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder in military situations. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 11-15.
106. Stroebe, M. S., & Stroebe, W. (1983). Who suffers more? Sex differences in health risks of the widowed. Psychological Bulletin, 93, 279-301.
107. Suitor, J. J., & Pillemer, K. (1993). Support and interpersonal stress in the social networks of married daughters caring for parents with dementia. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 48, S1-S8.
108. Swindells, S., Mohr, J., Justis, J. C, Berman, S., Squier, C, Wagener, M. M., & Singh, N. (1999). Quality of life in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Impact of social support, coping style, and hopelessness. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 10, 383-391.
109. Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social support as coping assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 416-423.
110. Timko, C, Stovel, K., Moos, R. H., & Miller, J. J. (1992). Adaptation to juvenile rheumatoid disease: A controlled evaluation of functional disability with a one-year follow-up. Health Psychology, 11, 67-76.
111. Tucker, C. J. N., McHale, S., & Crouter, A. (2001). Conditions of sibling support in adolescence. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(2), 254-271.
112. United Nations. (2000). What the United Nations does for humanitarian assistance. Retrieved November 22, 2002 from http://www.un.org.Overbiew/brief4.html.
113. van Horn, K. R., & Cunegatto-Marques, J. (2000). Interpersonal relationships in Brazilian adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 199-203.
114. von Weiss, R. T., Rapoff, M. A., Varni, J. W., Lindsley, C. B., Olson, N. Y., Madson, K. L., & Bernstein, B. H. (2002). Daily hassles and social support as predictors of adjustment in children with pediatric rheumatic disease. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 155-165.
115. Wan, C. K., Jaccard, J., & Ramey, S. (1996). Relationship between social support and life satisfaction as a function of family structure: An analysis of four types of support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 502-513.
116. Weiss, R. S. (1974). The provisions of social relationships. In Z. Rubin (Ed.), Doing unto others (pp. 17-26). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
117. Welch, A. S., Wadsworth, M. E., & Compas, B. E. (1996). Adjustment of children and adolescents to parental cancer. Cancer, 77, 1409-1418.
118. Wolchik, S. A., Ruehlman, L. S., Braver, S. L., & Sandler, I. N. (1989). Social support of children of divorce: Direct and stress buffering effects. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 485-501.
119. Wolchik, S. A., Sandler, I. N., & Braver, S. L. (1987). Social support: Its assessment and relation to children's adjustment. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Contemporary topics in developmental psychology (pp. 319-349). New York: Wiley.
120. Wortman, C. B., & Lehman, D. R. (1985). Reactions to victims of life crisis: Support attempts that fail. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social Support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 463-489). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.