Dosimetric characterisation of bismuth shields in CT: Measurements and Monte Carlo simulations

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

Volumn 133, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 105-110

  Kim, Sangroh ^a   Yoshizumi, Terry T ^b   Frush, Donald P ^b   Anderson Evans, Colin ^b   Toncheva, Greta ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BISMUTH;

ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSIMETRY; IONIZATION CHAMBER; MEASUREMENT; MONTE CARLO METHOD; RADIATION ATTENUATION; RADIATION BEAM; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION SHIELD;

ADULT; BISMUTH; BODY BURDEN; CHILD; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MONTE CARLO METHOD; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIOMETRY; SCATTERING, RADIATION; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 63849187810     PISSN: 01448420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp025     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Mettler, F. A., Thomadsen, B. R., Bhargavan, M., Gilley, D. B., Gray, J. E., Lipoti, J. A., McCrohan, J., Yoshizumi, T. T. and Mahesh, M. Medical radiation exposure in the U.S. in 2006: Preliminary results. Health. Phys. 95(5), 502-507 (2008).
2. American Cancer Society. Statistics for 2008; cancer facts and figures (2008). Available on http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/ 2008CAFFfinalsecured.pdf (last accessed on 12 August 2008).
3. Boyce, J. D. Ionizing radiation and breast cancer risk. Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors (BCERF). Cornell University, Fact sheet #52 (January 2005). Available on http://envirocancer.cornell.edu/factsheet/physical/fs52.radiation.cfm (last accessed 15 August 2008).
4. Brenner, D. J. Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT. Am. J. Roentgenol. 176, 289-296 (2001).
5. Brenner, D. J., Elliston, C. D. and Hall, E. J. Estimates of the cancer risks from pediatric CT radiation are not merely theoretical. Med. Phys. 28, 2387-2388 (2001).
6. Brenner, D. J. Estimating cancer risks from pediatric CT: Going from the qualitative to the quantitative. Pediatr. Radiol. 32, 228-231 (2002).
7. Hopper, K. D., King, S. H., Lobell, M. E., TenHave, T. R. and Weaver, J. S. The breast: In-plane x-ray protection during diagnostic thoracic CT-shielding with bismuth radioprotective garments. Radiology 205 853-858 (1997).
8. Hopper, K. D., Neuman, J. D., King, S. H. and Kunselman, A. R. Radioprotection to the eye during CT scanning. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22, 1194-1198 (2001).
9. McLaughlin, D. J. and Mooney, R. B. Dose reduction to radiosensitive tissues in CT. Do commercially available shields meet the users' needs? Clin. Radiol. 59, 446-450 (2004).
10. Mukundan, S., Wang, P. I., Frush, D. P, Yoshizumi, T. T., Marcus, J., Kloeblen, E. and Moore, M. MOSFET dosimetry for radiation dose assessment of bismuth shielding of the eye in children. Am. J. Roentgenol. 188, 1648-1650 (2007).
11. Perisinakis, K., Raissaki, M., Tzedakis, A., Theocharopoulos, N., Damilakis, J. and Gourtsoyianmis, N. Reduction of eye lens radiation dose by orbital bismuth shielding in pediatric patients undergoing CT of the head: A Monte Carlo study. Med. Phys. 32(4), 1024-1030 (2005).
12. Vollmar, S. V. and Kalender, W. A. Reduction of dose to the female breast in thoracic CT: A comparison of standard-protocol, bismuth-shielded, partial and tube-current-modulated CT examination. Eur. Radiol. 18, 1674-1682 (2008).
13. Fricke, B. L., Donnelly, L. F., Frush, D. P., Yoshizumi, T. T., Varchena, V., Poe, S. A. and Lucaya, J. In-plane bismuth breast shields for pediatric CT: Effects on radiation dose and image quality using experimental and clinical data. Am. J. Roentgenol. 180, 407-411 (2003).
14. Coursey, C., Frush, D. P., Yoshizumi, T., Toncheva, G., Nguyen, G. and Greenberg, S. B. Pediatric chest MDCT using tube current modulation: effect on radiation dose with breast shielding. Am. J. Roentgenol. 190, W54-W61 (2008).
15. Verhaegen, F., Nahum, A. E., Van de Putte, S. and Namito, Y. Monte Carlo modeling of radiotherapy kV X-ray units. Phys. Med. Biol. 44 1767-1789 (1999).
16. Bhat, M., Pattison, J., Bibbo, G. and Caon, M. Off-axis x-ray spectra: A comparison of Monte Carlo simulated and computed x-ray spectra with measured spectra. Med. Phys. 26, 303-309 (1999).
17. Ay, M. R., Shahriari, M., Sarkar, S., Adib, M. and Zaidi, H. Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray spectra in diagnostic radiology and mammography using MCNP4C. Phys. Med. Biol. 49, 4897-4917 (2004).
18. Ng, K. P., Kwok, C. S. and Tang, F. H. Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray spectra in mammography. Phys. Med. Biol. 45, 1309-1318 (2000).
19. Kawrakow, I. and Rogers, D. W. O. The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport. Technical Report No. PIRS-701 (Ottawa, Canada: National Research Council Canada) (2000).
20. Mainegra-Hing, E. and Kawrakow, I. Efficient x-ray tube simulations Med. Phys. 33, 2683-2690 (2006).
21. Ding, G. X., Duggan, D. M. and Coffey, C. W. Characteristics of kilovoltage x-ray beams used for cone-beam computed tomography in radiation therapy. Phys. Med. Biol. 52, 1595-1615 (20007).
22. Kruger, R. L., McCullough, C. H. and Zink, F. E. Measurement of half value layer in x-ray CT: A comparison of two noninvasive techniques. Med. Phys. 27, 1915-1919 (2000).
23. Rogers, D. W. O., Faddegon, B. A., Ding, G. X., Ma, C. M., We, J. and Mackie, T. R. BEAM: A Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units. Med. Phys. 22, 503-524 (1995).
24. Kawrakow, I. On the efficiency of photon beam treatment head simulations. Med. Phys. 32, 2320-2326 (2005).
25. Rogers, D. W. O., Walters, B. and Kawrakow, I. BEAMnrc user manual NRCC Report PIRS-0509(A)revK (Ottawa, Canada: National Research Council Canada) (2004).
26. Nelson, W. R., Hirayama, H. and Rogers, D. W. O. The EGS4 code system Technical Report SLAC-265, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (1985).
27. Cranley, K., Gilmore, B. J., Fogarty, G. W. A. and Desponds, L. Catalogue of diagnostic x-ray spectra and other data. IPEM Report 78 (York, UK: Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine) (1997).
28. Rogers, D. W. O., Kawrakow, I., Seuntjens, J. P., Walters, B. R. B. and Mainegra-Hing, E. NRC user codes for EGSnrc. NRCC Report PIRS-702(revB) (Ottawa, Canada: National Research Council Canada) (2005).