Democratizing Habermas: Peasant public sphere in pre-reform Russia

Russian History

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 373-385

  Gorshkov, Boris B ^a,b  

^a Auburn University ^*

^b AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 63849180245     PISSN: 0094288X     EISSN: 18763316     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/187633104X00089     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Many panels at recent national conventions of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies have been devoted to civil society and public opinion in imperial Russia: Russian Civil Society in Its Infancy, The Rise and Fall of Civil Society (sessions 3-02 and 4-28, September 25, 1998, Boca Raton, Fl, Gosudarstvennost' and 'Obshestvenntost' in Late Imperial Russia, Creating Public Space in Late Imperial Russia (sessions 1-03 and 3-16, November 2000, Denver, Co, Civil Society in the Village, session 2-31, November 15, 2001, Crystal City, Vaublic Opinion in Late imperial Russia, and Civil Society and Political Culture in Late Tsarist Russia (sessions 7-16 and 10-14, November 2002ittsburgha) are among them for the Advancement of Slavic Studies have been devoted to civil society and public opinion in imperial Russia: "Russian Civil Society in Its Infancy," "The Rise and Fall of Civil Society" (sessions 3-02 and 4-28, September 25, 1998, Boca Raton, Fl.), "'Gosudarstvennost' and 'Obshestvenntost' in Late Imperial Russia," "Creating Public Space in Late Imperial Russia (sessions 1-03 and 3-16, November 2000, Denver, Co), "Civil Society in the Village," (session 2-31, November 15, 2001, Crystal City, Va), "Public Opinion in Late imperial Russia," and "Civil Society and Political Culture in Late Tsarist Russia" (sessions 7-16 and 10-14, November 2002ittsburgha) are among them
2. For example, see Adele Lindenmeyeroverty is Not Vice: Charity Society, and the State in Imperial Russia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1996)
3. Gary Thurston, The Popular Theater Movement in Russia, 1862-1919 (Evanston, IL: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1998)
4. David Wartenweiler's Civil Society and Academic Debate in Russia 1905-1917 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999)
5. and Cathy A. Frierson, All Russia is Burning!: A Cultural History of Fire Imperial Russia and Arson in Late Imperial Russia (Seattle: Univ. of Washington press, 2002)
6. For further discussion, see Jean L. Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992)
7. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere Category of Bourgeois Society An inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society trans. by Thomas Burger (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994)
8. The book was originally written in German in 1962 and first published in English twenty-seven years later, in 1989. The work presents a scholarly analysis of the emergence and evolution of the bourgeois public sphere from the Enlightenment to the 1950. Since 1962 Habermas has further developed his concept of the public sphere in a number of later studies and gained influence and prominence among many scholars of various social disciplines and sciences. For more discussion of Habermas' later works Jürgen Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures, trans. by Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987); English twenty-seven years later, in 1989. The work presents a scholarly analysis of the emergence and evolution of the bourgeois public sphere from the Enlightenment to the 1950. Since 1962 Habermas has further developed his concept of the public sphere in a number of later studies and gained influence and prominence among many scholars of various social disciplines and sciences. For more discussion of Habermas' later works see Jürgen Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures, trans. by Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987)
9. idem, Moral Consciousness Communicative Action (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1990)
10. idem, The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historian's Debate (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990)
11. and idemostmetaphysical Thinking: Philosophical Essays, trans. by William Mark Hohengarten (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992)
12. Habermas, Structural Transformation. 141
13. For feminist critique of Habermas's exclusion of women from the public Habermas sphere, ed. by Joan B. Landes Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press sphere, see Seyla Benhabib, "Models of Public Space: Hannah Arendt, the Liberal tradition and Urgen Habermas," in Feminism, the Public and the Private, ed. by Joan B. Landes (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998)p. 65-99
14. See also Craig Calhoun, ed., Habermas and the Public Sphere (Cambridge Press, 1992). Scholars, such as Geoff Eley, Nancy Fraser and others, consider the possibility of inclusion of subordinate social strata into the public sphere. MA: MIT Press, 1992). Scholars, such as Geoff Eley, Nancy Fraser and others, consider the possibility of inclusion of subordinate social strata into the public sphere
15. See Habermas and the Public Sphere, Craig Calhoun, ed., (Cambridge, MA Mary P. Ryan MIT Press, 1992). See essays by Eley, Fraser and Mary P. Ryan
16. On the ambiguity of the Russian estate system, see Gregory Freeze "The Soslovie (Estate) Paradigm in Russian Social History," American Historical Review, 91 (1996), 308-50
17. For discussion of peasant economic activities, see Nikolai M. Druzhinin Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR Gosudarstvennye krestiane i reforma P. D. Kiseleva, 2 vols. (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1946-58)
18. Vladimir A. Fedorovomeshchich'i krest'iane tsentral'nogo XVIII pervoi poloviny XIX veka promyshlennogo raiona Rossii konsa XVIII pervoi poloviny XIX veka (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1976)
19. Ivan V. Meshalin, Tekstil'naia promyshlennost' kerest'ian Moskovskoi gubernii v XVIII i pervoi polovine XIX veka (Moscow-Leningrad: Iz-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1950); gubernii v XVIII i pervoi polovine XIX veka (Moscow-Leningrad: Iz-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1950)
20. Boris B. Gorshkov, "Serfs on the Move: Peasant Seasonal Migration in 1800-61 Pre-Reform Russia, 1800-61," Kritika, no. 1 (Fall 2000)p. 627-56
21. and Richard L. Rudolph, "Agricultural Structure and Development with Unfree Labor Proto-industrialization in Russia: Economic Development with Unfree Labor," Journal of Economic History, 45 (March 1985), 47-69
22. Gorshkov, "Serfs on the Move."
23. For a detailed discussion of peasant seasonal migration before 1861, see ibid. For a discussion of laws on peasant migration, David Mooneasant Migration, the Abolition of Serfdom, and the Internal Passport System in the Russian Empire, c. 1800-1914, in David Eltis, ed., Coerced and Free Migration: Global Perspectives (Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press, 2002)p. 324-57. ibid. For a discussion of laws on peasant migration, see also David Moon, "Peasant Migration, the Abolition of Serfdom, and the Internal Passport System in the Russian Empire, c. 1800-1914," in David Eltis, ed., Coerced and Free Migration: Global Perspectives (Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press, 2002)p. 324-57
24. See, for example, William Blackwell, The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1800-1860 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1968)
25. and Olga Crisp, Studies in the Russian Economy before 1914 (New York Barnes and Noble, 1976)
26. See also Ivan V. Meshalin, Tekstil'naia promyshlennost' and Gerasim S tekstil'noi promyshlennosti v genezise i razvitii kapitalizma v Rossii, 1760-1860 (Leningrad: Nauka, 1970). Isaev, Rol' tekstil'noi promyshlennosti v genezise i razvitii kapitalizma v Rossii, 1760-1860 (Leningrad: Nauka, 1970)
27. See Leonid V. Milov, Velkorusskii pakhar' i osobennosti rossiiskogo istoricheskogo protsessa (Moscow: Rospen, 2001)
28. Gorshkov, "Serfs on the Move;" David Moon, The Russian Peasantry, 1600-1930: The World Peasants Made (London and New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999)
29. Elise K. Wirtschafter, "Legal Identity and Posession of Serfs in Imperial Russia" Journal of Modern History, 70 (Sept. 1998), 561-97
30. Marina M. Gromyko, Mir russkoi-derevni (Moscow: Molodaia Gvardiia, 1991)
31. A. V. Kamkin, "Ppavosoznanie gosudarstvennykh krest'ian vtoroi poloviny XVIII veka," Istoriia SSSR, no. 2 (1987)
32. V. I. Krutikov, "Pravosoznanic krest'ian i ego otrazhenie v dorevoliutsionnoi Rossii krest'ianskom dvizhenii," in Sotsial'no- politicheskoe i pravovoe polozhenie krest'ianstva v dorevoliutsionnoi Rossii (Voronezh: Izdatel'stvo Voronezhskogo universiteta, 1983)
33. D. I. Raskin, "Ispol'zovaniie zakonodatel'nykh aktov v serediny XVIII veka krest'ianskikh chelobitnykh serediny XVIII veka," Istoriia SSSR, no. 4 (1979)
34. Vladimir A. Fedorov, "K voprosy ideologii krepostnogo Voprosy Agrarnoi istorii Tsentra i Severo-Zapada RSFSR (Smolensk: Smolenskii pedinstitut, 1972). krest'ianstva," in Voprosy Agrarnoi istorii Tsentra i Severo-Zapada RSFSR (Smolensk: Smolenskii pedinstitut, 1972)
35. On rumors about abolition of serfdom, see GARF, f 1165, op. 1, dd. 86 90, 92, 98. Also Nina B. Golikovaoliticheskie protessy pri Petre I po materialam Preobrazhenskogo Prikaza (Moscow: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1957)p. 176-77; 88, 90, 92, 98. Also see Nina B. Golikovaoliticheskie protessy pri Petre I po materialam Preobrazhenskogo Prikaza (Moscow: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1957)p. 176-77
36. Kirill V. Chistov, Russkie narodnye sotsial-utopicheskie legendy XVII-XIX vv. (Moscow: Nauka, 1967)p. 132-35
37. Gromyko, Mir rasskoi derevni. 221
38. Savva Dmitrivich Purlevskii, "Vospominaniia krepostnogo," Russkii Vestnik 130 (July 1877). 339
39. and Russkii arkhiv 6 (1898). 132
40. For discussion, see Kamkin, "Pravosoznanie," Krutikov Fedorov. "Pravosoznanie" and Fedorov
41. See, for example, Gromyko, Mir russkoi derevni. 241
42. Raskin, "Ispol'zovanie," pp. 180-82
43. Kamkin, "Pravosoznanie," pp. 163-73
44. and Krutikov, "Pravosoznanie krest'ian," pp. 177-85
45. see also Wirtschafter, "Legal Identity." For archival evidence legal dealings with the office of Moscow governor in TsIAM f. 16, op. 6 (torn 1), dd. 123, 367, 373. see files of peasants' legal dealings with the office of Moscow governor in TsIAM f. 16, op. 6 (torn 1), dd. 123, 367, 373
46. RGIA f. 1286, op. 19 (1858 g.), d. 603, ll. 2-6. See also discussion in A. Fedorov, Trebovaniia krest'ianskogo dvizheniia v nachale revoliutsionnoi situatsii, do 19 fevralia 1861 g., in Revoliutsionnaia situatsiia v Rossii v 1859-1861 gg. Militsa V. Nechkina, ed. in chief (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960)p. 133-47. Vladimir A. Fedorov, "Trebovaniia krest'ianskogo dvizheniia v nachale revoliutsionnoi situatsii, do 19 fevralia 1861 g.," in Revoliutsionnaia situatsiia v Rossii v 1859-1861 gg. Militsa V. Nechkina, ed. in chief (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960)p. 133-47
47. Vladimir A. Fedorov, Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v tsentral'noi Rossii 1800-1860 (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1980)
48. Iakov I. Linkov, Ocherki krest'ianskogo dvizheniia v Rossii 1825-1861 gg (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Ministerstva Prosveshcheniia RSFSR, 1952). 57
49. Fedorov, Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie. 97
50. Cited in Linkov, Ocherki krest'ianskogo dvizheniia v Rossii 1825-1861 gg.. 97
51. Fedor S. Gorovoiadenie krepostnogo prava na gornykh zavodakh Urala (Perm': Permskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1961). 114. (Perm': Permskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1961). 114
52. GARF, f. 109 "Sekretnyi arkhiv," op. 3, d. 1375, ll. 69-74
53. Linkov, Ocherki krest'ianskogo dvizheniia v Rossii v 1825-1861 gg.. 4
54. I. I. Ignatovich, "Krest'ianskie volneniia pervoi chetverti XIX v.," Voprosy istorii no. 9 (1950)p. 48-49
55. K. Tikhonravov, "Ofeni Vladimirskoi gubernii," Zhurnal Ministerstva vnutrennikh del [St. Petersburg] 9 (1854)
56. Pavel I. Iakushkinutevye pis'ma; Materialy dlia statistiki Rossii sobiraemye po vedomstvu Ministerstva gosudarstvennkh imushchestv iz Novgorodskoi I Pskovskoi gubernii (St. Petersburg: Izdatelo'stvo D. E. Kozhanchikova, 1860) sobiraemye po vedomstvu Ministerstva gosudarstvennkh imushchestv iz Novgorodskoi I Pskovskoi gubernii (St. Petersburg: Izdatelo'stvo D. E. Kozhanchikova, 1860)
57. and Materialy dlia statistiki Rossii ... (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Ministerstva godudarstvennykh imushchestv, 1858). 57. Ministerstva godudarstvennykh imushchestv, 1858). 57
58. Cited in Gorshkov, "Serfs on the Move," p. 654
59. Aleksandr Kazemirovich Korsak, O formakh promyshlennosti voobshche i o kustarnoi i domashnei promyshlennosti znachenii domashnego proizvodstva kustarnoi i domashnei promyshlennosti (Moscow: Tip. Gracheva, 1861)
60. Here nastroenie means a range of ideas, views, attitudes, opinions interests, etc. Bol'shoi Tolkovyi Slovar' Russkogo Iazyka (St. Petersburg: Norint, 2002). 602. interests, etc. See Bol'shoi Tolkovyi Slovar' Russkogo Iazyka (St. Petersburg: Norint, 2002). 602
61. GARF, f. 109, "sekretnyi arkhiv," op. 3 d. 78 (a message of S to Aleksandr II, 1857); ibid, d. 73 (a message of K. Aksakov to Aleksandr II, 1855). Bezobrazov to Aleksandr II, 1857); ibid, d. 73 (a message of K. Aksakov to Aleksandr II, 1855)
62. GARF, f. 109, "sekretnyi arkhiv," op. 3, dd. 3197-3246; f. 109 ekspeditsiia d 199; f. 815, d. 224; ibid., f. 16, op. 48 (1858), d. 244; f. 815, op. 1, d. 144. 4-aia ekspeditsiia d 199; f. 815, d. 224; ibid., f. 16, op. 48 (1858), d. 244; f. 815, op. 1, d. 144
63. Linkov, Ocherki krest'ianskogo dvizheniia v Rossii 1825-1861 gg.. 57
64. Gorshkov, "Serfs on the Move," pp. 633-34, 641, 650-51, 655