Report on the first stage of the Iron Age dating project in Israel: Supporting a low chronology

Radiocarbon

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-46

  Sharon, Ilan ^a   Gilboa, Ayelet ^b   Timothy Jull, A J ^c   Boaretto, Elisabetta ^d  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^d WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 63849178456     PISSN: 00338222     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200041886     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Alon D, Mintz G, Cohen I, Weiner S, Boaretto E. 2002. The use of Raman spectroscopy to monitor the removal of humic substances from charcoal: quality control for 14C dating of charcoal. Radiocarbon 44(1): 1-11.
2. Anderson WP. 1990. The beginnings of Phoenician pottery: vessel shape, style, and ceramic technology in the early phases of the Phoenician Iron Age. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 279:35-55.
3. Ben-Shlomo D, Shai I, Maeir AM. 2004. Late Philistine decorated ware ("Ashdod ware"): typology, chronology, and production centers. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 335:1-35.
4. Ben-Tor A, Zarzecki-Peleg A. Forthcoming. The pottery of Iron IIA-IIB in the northern valleys and Upper Galilee. In: Gitin S, editor. The Pottery of Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors from the Neolithic Through the Hellenistic Period. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
5. Bevington PR, Robinson DK. 1992. Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences. Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill. 384 p.
6. Boaretto A, Jull AJT, Gilboa A, Sharon I. 2005. Dating the Iron Age I/II transition in Israel: first intercomparison results. Radiocarbon 47(1):39-55.
7. Botto M. 2004. Per una riconsiderazione della cronologia degli inizi della colonizzazione fenicia nel Mediterraneo centro-occidentale. Mediterranea 1:579-630. In Italian.
8. Bronk Ramsey C. 2001. Development of the radiocarbon calibration program OxCal. Radiocarbon 43(2A): 355-63.
9. Bronk Ramsey C. 2005. Improving the resolution of radiocarbon dating by statistical analysis. In: Levy T, Higham T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science. London: Equinox. p 57-64.
10. Bruins HJ, van der Plicht J, Mazar A. 2003. 14C dates from Tel Rehov: Iron-Age chronology, pharaohs and Hebrew kings. Science 300(5617):315-8.
11. Bruins HJ, van der Plicht J, Mazar A, Bronk Ramsey C, Manning SW. 2005. The Groningen radiocarbon series from Tel Rehov. In: Levy T, Higham T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science. London: Equinox. p 271-93.
12. Coldstream JN. 1999. On chronology: the CG II mystery and its sequel. In: Iacovou M, Michaelides D, editors. Cyprus: The Historicity of the Geometric Horizon. Nicosia: University of Cyprus. p 109-18.
13. Coldstream JN. 2003. Some Aegean reactions to the chronological debate in the southern Levant. Tel Aviv 30:247-58.
14. D'Agata AL, Goren Y, Mommsen H, Schwedt A, Yasur-Landau A. 2005. Imported pottery of LH IIIC style from Israel. Style, provenance, and chronology. In: Laffineur R, Greco E, editors. Aegeum 25, Emporia, Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the 10th international conference. Athens, Italian School of Archaeology, 14-18 April 2004, Université de Liege. p 371-9.
15. Dothan T. 1982. The Philistines and Their Material Culture. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. 352 p.
16. Dothan T, Zukerman A. 2004. A preliminary study of the Myc IIIC:1 pottery assemblages from Tel Miqne-Ekron and Ashdod. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 333:1-54.
17. Fantalkin A. 2001. Low Chronology and the Greek Protogeometric and Geometric pottery in the southern Levant. Levant 33:117-25.
18. Finkelstein I. 1996. The archaeology of the United Monarchy: an alternative view. Levant 27:177-87.
19. Finkelstein I. 2000. The Philistine settlements: when, how and how many. In: The Philistines and Their World: A Reassessment. University Museum Monograph 108, University Symposium Series 11. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum. p 159-80.
20. Finkelstein I, Silberman NA. 2001. The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts. New York: Free Press. 400 p.
21. Finkelstein I, Silberman NA. 2006. David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. New York: Free Press. 352 p.
22. Finkelstein I, Piasetzky E. 2003. Wrong and right; high and low: 14C dates from Tel Rehov and Iron Age chronology. Tel Aviv 30:283-95.
23. Finkelstein I. 2005. A Low Chronology update: archaeology, history and the Bible. In: Levy T, Higham T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science. London: Equinox. p 31-42.
24. Gilboa A. 1999a. The dynamics of Phoenician Bichrome pottery. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 316:1-21.
25. Gilboa A. 1999b. The view from the east-Tel Dor and the earliest Cypro-Geometric exports to the Levant. In: Iacovou M, Michaelides D, editors. Cyprus: The Historicity of the Geometric Horizon. Nicosia: University of Cyprus.
26. Gilboa A, Sharon I. 2001. Early Iron Age radiometric dates from Tel Dor: preliminary implications for Phoenicia, and beyond. Radiocarbon 43(3):1343-51.
27. Gilboa A, Sharon I. 2003. An archaeological contribution to the early Iron Age chronological debate: alternative chronologies for Phoenicia and their effects on the Levant, Cyprus and Greece. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 332:7-80.
28. Herzog Z, Singer-Avitz L. 2004. Redefining the centre: the emergence of state in Judah. Tel Aviv 31:209-44.
29. Holden C. 2003. Dates boost conventional wisdom about Solomon's splendor. Science 300(5617):229-31.
30. Iacovou M. 1999. Excerpta Cypria geometrica-materials for the history of Geometric Cyprus. In: Iacovou M, Michaelides D, editors. Cyprus: The Historicity of the Geometric Horizon. Nicosia: University of Cyprus. p 141-61.
31. James PJ, Thorpe IJ, Kokkinos N, Morkot R, Frankish J. 1992. Centuries of Darkness: A Challenge to the Chronology of Old World Archaeology. London: Jonathan Cape. 434 p.
32. Knoppers G, McConville JG, editors. 2000. Reconsidering Israel and Judah: Recent Studies on the Deuteronomistic History. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
33. Kopcke G. 2002. 1000 B.C.E.? 900 B.C.E.? A Greek vase from Lake Galilee. In: Ehrenberg E, editor. Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. p 109-17.
34. Maeir AM. 2004. Philistine culture in transition: the transformation of Philistine culture as a process of "Creolization." Paper presented at the 4th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. 1-7 April 2004, Berlin.
35. Manning SW, Weninger B, South AK, Kling B, Kuniholm, PI, Muhly JD, Hadjisavvas S, Sewell DA, Cadogan G. 2001. Absolute age range of the Late Cypriot IIC period on Cyprus. Antiquity 75(288):328-40.
36. Manning SW, Bronk Ramsey C, Kutschera W, Higham T, Kromer B, Steier P, Wild EM. 2006. Chronology for the Aegean Late Bronze Age 1700-1400 B.C. Science 312(5773):565-9.
37. Mazar A. 1990. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible 10,000-586 B.C.E. New York: Doubleday. 572 p.
38. Mazar A. 2004. Greek and Levantine Iron Age chronology: a rejoinder. Israel Exploration Journal 54:24-36.
39. Mazar A. 2005. The debate over the chronology of the Iron Age. In: Levy T, Higham T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science. London: Equinox. p 15-30.
40. Mazar A, Bruins HJ, Panitz-Cohen N, van der Plicht J. 2005. Ladder of time at Tel Rehov: stratigraphy, archaeological context, pottery and radiocarbon dates. In: Levy T, Higham T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science. Lon-don: Equinox. p 195-255.
41. Mederos Martín A. 2005. La cronología fenicia entre el Mediterráneo oriental y el occidental. Anejos del Archivo Español de Arqueología 33:305-46. In Spanish.
42. Nijboer AJ, van der Plicht J, Bietti Sestieri AM, de Santis A. 2001. A high chronology for the early Iron Age in central Italy. Palaeohistoria 41/42:163-76.
43. Reimer PJ, Baillie MGL, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Bertrand C, Blackwell PG, Buck CE, Burr G, Cutler KB, Damon PE, Edwards RL, Fairbanks RG, Friedrich M, Guilderson TP, Hughen KA, Kromer B, McCormac FG, Manning S, Bronk Ramsey C, Reimer RW, Remmele S, Southon JR, Stuiver M, Talamo S, Taylor FW, van der Plicht J, Weyhenmeyer CE. 2004. IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46(3):1029-58.
44. Renfrew C. 1992. Foreword. In: James PJ, Thorpe IJ, Kokkinos N, Morkot R, Frankish J, editors. Centuries of Darkness. London: Jonathan Cape. p xiii-xv.
45. Schreiber N. 2003. The Cypro-Phoenician Pottery of the Iron Age. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. 384 p.
46. Scott EM. 2003. The Fourth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (FIRI). Radiocarbon 45(2):35-150.
47. Sharon I. 2001. "Transition dating"-a heuristic mathematical approach to the collation of 14C dates from stratified sequences. Radiocarbon 43(2A):345-54.
48. Sharon I, Gilboa A, Jull AJT, Boaretto E. 2005. The Early Iron Age Dating Project: introduction, methodology, progress report and an update on the Tel Dor radiometric dates. In: Levy T, Higham T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science London: Equinox. p 65-92.
49. Sharon I, Gilboa A, Boaretto E. Forthcoming. 14C and the early Iron Age of Israel - Where are we really at? A commentary on the Tel Rehov radiometric dates. In: Bietak M, editor. The Synchronisation of Civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. Proceedings of the 2nd EuroConference of SCIEM 2000. 28 May-1 June 2003. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
50. Stone BJ. 1995. The Philistines and acculturation: culture change and ethnic continuity in the Iron Age. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 298:7-32.
51. Thompson TL. 1999. The Mythic Past: Biblical Archaeology and the Myth of History. New York: Basic Books. 436 p.
52. Torres Ortiz M. 1998. La cronología absoluta Europea y el inicio de la colonización fenicia en occidente: implicaciones cronológicas en chypre y el próximo oriente. Complutum 9:49-60. In Spanish.
53. Ussishkin D. 1985. Levels VII and VI at Tel Lachish and the end of the Late Bronze Age in Canaan. In: Tubb JN, editor. Palestine in the Late Bronze Age. Papers in Honour of Olga Tufnell. London: Institute of Archaeology. p 213-30.
54. Ward WA. 1992. The present status of Egyptian chronology. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Re-search 288:53-66.
55. Ward WA, Joukowsky MS, Astrom P, editors. 1992. The Crisis Years: The 12th century B.C. from Beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall-Hunt. 224 p.
56. Yizhaq M, Mintz G, Cohen I, Khalaily H, Weiner S, Boaretto E. 2005. Quality controlled radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal from the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) of Motza (Israel). Radiocarbon 47(2):193-206.
57. Zarzecki-Peleg A. 2005. Trajectories of Iron Age settlement in north Israel and their implications for chronology. In: Levy T, Higham T, editors. The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science. London: Equinox. p 367-78.